顾客价值最大化战略的探讨

以最低的寿命周期成本获取最满意的功能是顾客追求的最大价值 ,即顾客价值。将顾客价值最大化列为企业经营战略的核心战略 ,是20世纪90年代以来现代企业的最新理念。本文分析了顾客价值、企业价值、顾客价值最大化战略与企业经营战略体系的关系 ,提出了顾客价值最大化战略的一些基本对策     

The wealth effects of unethical business behavior

This study examines the shareholder wealth effects of specific unethical conduct involving bribery, illegal payments, employee discrimination, environmental pollution, and insider trading based on announcements in theWall Street Journal. It is hypothesized that the high costs of such reported acts would result in a negative shareholder wealth effect because of increases in monitoring costs and risks to stakeholders of the firm. The results show that the significantly negative abnormal returns were not short-term, but were persistent and cumulative for approximately one month following the announcement of unethical business conduct. Therefore, contrary to some earlier studies, unethical business behavior, as defined in this study, is not compatible with the goal of shareholder wealth maximization.     

Knowledge,diversity and entrepreneurship: a spatial analysis of new firm formation in Great Britain

This paper argues that the diversity of a region's knowledge stock and its balance between knowledge-based manufacturing and services are both important determinants of variations in the rate of new business formation across spatial areas. An empirical study of new firm formation across 408 local unitary authorities and districts in Great Britain over the period 2001–2007 is presented, taking explicit account of the interactions amongst spatial units through an econometric modelling procedure involving maximum likelihood spatial models and alternative spatial weighing matrices. The results indicate that both related and unrelated knowledge diversity have a positive impact on the rate of business formation, whilst aggregate local economy-wide industrial and ethnic diversity has no impact; the division of the knowledge stock between services and manufacturing is also significant, with services having a positive impact on new business formation in contrast to a negative impact for high-technology manufacturing. There is also some support for the view that low wages and economic inactivity constrain new business formation, whilst a competitive regional environment has a positive impact. The results imply that polices should be aimed at creating a diverse set of knowledge-based industries rather than specialization in a narrow range.     

浅析“企业利润最大化”

企业存在的目的就是盈利,确保企业利润是企业生存的绝对必要条件。本文从企业财务目标出发,讨论了"利润最大化"目标的缺陷,并对其进行了修正。在此基础上分析了影响利润的因素,并运用数学方法演算了"利润最大化"的实现途径。     

New product development projects: The effects of organizational culture

Despite the increasing use of project management within organizations, an attendant poor rate of success among these projects has been observed (Clancy & Stone, 2005; Ives, 2005). Seventy‐five percent of all business transformation projects fail (Collyer, 2000) and only 16% of U.S. IT projects are completed on time and on budget (Peled, 2000). In an attempt to overcome such a high project failure rate, this paper investigates the effects of organizational culture on the performance of particular types of projects: new product development (NPD) projects. Using data from 95 U.S. organizations, the study provides evidence of the significant effects of organizational culture on NPD projects.     

长期筹资科学化的初步探索--构建最佳资本结构模型

助计算机用定量方法快速有效的解决长期筹资决策问题是知识经济时代对企业的必然要求。最佳资本结构模型用计算机运筹学的方法来决策不同筹资方式的最优筹资额，以帮助企业实现长期筹资目标同时也是财务管理最终目标——企业价值最大化。     

央行铸币税和财政税收关系研究

本文在跨期的预付金模型理论基础之上,考察典型代理人效用最大化和政府损失函数最小化下铸币税和财政税收之间理论关系,分析显示通货膨胀率和税率相关性可正可负,其结论不同于“曼昆原则”。进一步研究显示政府支出对通货膨胀率与税率斜率的影响为负,预付金对通货膨胀率与税率的斜率影响也可正可负。本文实证结果表明税率和通货膨胀率正相关,但其内在机制不同于“曼昆原则”。实证显示政府支出对通货膨胀率与税率的斜率影响为负,预付金对通货膨胀率与税率的斜率影响为正,结果支持典型代理人效用最大化和政府损失函数最小化下模型的结论。     

Can adopting ambitious environmental sustainability initiatives lead to business failures? An analytical framework

Drawing on environmental sustainability orientation and business failure literature, we examined a thought‐provoking question: “Can adopting ambitious environmental sustainability initiatives lead to business failures and under what conditions is this more likely?” To address this question, we developed an analytical framework that provides new insights into how voluntary environmental initiatives affect the business environment and firm competitiveness. This paper also yields new insights on the features that emerge at adopting environmental initiatives–business failure nexus: from greening to growing, from greening to sustaining, from greening to constraining, and from greening to collapsing. Accordingly, the study accounts for the conditions under sustainability initiatives, and a variety of complex contextual factors are likely to culminate in closures of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Although many top executives, entrepreneurs, and managers view implementation of environmental initiatives as tantamount to superior firm performance, the paper highlighted the effects of resource constraints and vulnerabilities of SMEs and new firms during the early stage of development, and therefore, pursuing aggressive green initiatives could minimize their life chances. Implications for scholars and practising managers are discussed.     

浅谈财务分析指标在中小企业中的运用

在竞争日益激烈的市场经济中,经济活动追求实现经济利润最大化的目标。多年来,企业财务分析指标体系作为企业信息分析的重要资源,为企业决策者提供财务分析数据资料,做出科学的决策,把握正确的企业发展方向,实现经济效益最大化的目标,发挥了支撑和保障作用。因此,充实和完善适应现代经济发展需求的中小企业财务分析指标体系就显现出紧迫性和必要性。     

管理者过度自信对企业跨行业并购的影响

管理者作为企业的最高决策层,是制定企业发展战略、实施投融资决策、进行企业日常经营活动以及执行企业日常经营管理的主体,其在决策过程中的过度自信心理对企业的发展至关重要。而跨行业并购交易作为公司市值管理的重要手段之一,研究管理者的过度自信与企业跨行业并购对公司价值最大化的影响十分重要。     

A general-equilibrium analysis of airport pricing,capacity, and regulation

Using a general-equilibrium model that includes consumers, airlines, and an airport with both aeronautical services and non-aeronautical services, this study investigates the airport's decisions on its aeronautical charge and capacity, as well as the size of its non-aeronautical services. In contrast to the existing literature, we formally model an airport's non-aeronautical services by taking into account the endogenous determination of the size of the airport's non-aeronautical services. First, we characterize the results for welfare maximization, and find that the self-financing property does not hold. Apart from carriers’ market power as a source of the failure for the self-financing property, we identify the presence of non-aeronautical services as a new source. Further, we show that the common practice of cross-subsidizing from the non-aeronautical to aeronautical services is incompatible with welfare maximization because welfare maximization requires exact self-financing within the non-aeronautical sector. Second, we derive the results for profit maximization by a monopolistic airport, and demonstrate that the imposition of two taxes, one on the airport's aeronautical services and the other on its capacity investment, can recover the welfare-maximization results. Third, we analyze the two types of regulation, single till and dual till, which are often used in practice, and show that dual-till regulation yields higher welfare than single-till regulation, as long as the profit from non-aeronautical services is positive. This result is in contrast to the prevailing wisdom in the literature, which in general favors single-till regulation.     

CVA-企业价值管理新理念

面对激烈的竞争,企业必须具有改革思想,要确立股东利益最大化为其经营管理目标,即价值管理。为了实现股东价值增值,管理者必须结合资本市场对公司的管理活动进行模仿、预期和分析,建立以价值为基础的管理的模型,对上市公司进行正确评估。本文从上市公司投资分析中存在矛盾入手,提出企业解决这个矛盾的方式只有使用价值管理理念进行投资评估和分析,在此基础上构造新的价值评价模型CVA-现金附加价值。     

基于融资考虑对股权回报率确定方法的选择

上市公司在股票市场上融资时面临两类融资考虑问题:其一是资本结构的"溢出效应",它提高了股权回报率;其二是市场投资者的认知偏差,它可能提高或者降低要求的股权回报率。FAR与NEER是确定股权回报率的两类截然不同的方法:FAR有利于实现公司价值最大化目标,而NEER能够促使短期股价最大化。在通过比较这两类方法的异同后指出,在不同的融资考虑组合下,公司应根据自身情况选择适合的方法确定项目投资要求的股权回报率。     

DETERMINANTS OF PUBLIC PENSION PLAN INVESTMENT RETURN. The role of fund value maximization and public choice theory

Public pension plans are a major type of institutional owner during the new era of investor capitalism, yet little is known about them. Based upon fund value maximization (FVM) and public choice theory (PCT), we develop hypotheses on the determinants of plan performance as measured by plan annual investment return. FVM espouses that the plan's fund or investment portfolio will be invested to maximize return for a given level of risk, while PCT holds that agency costs are significant in the public sector, and will have a negative effect on plan return. Using biennial pension plan data for 1992–96 for several hundred plans, we found that fund value maximization has a much greater influence on plan performance, but that plan performance is also subject to agency costs associated with public choice theory.     

价值管理研究综述

随着价值最大化上升为公司整体的管理思想,价值管理作为一种以创造价值、实现价值增长为目标的新型管理理念和管理模式,也越来越受到理论界与实务界的关注。本文试图在价值管理理论研究与实践现状分析的基础上,对价值管理的产生和发展、价值管理的定义和特征,以及国内外几种不同的公司价值管理模式等进行系统地概括与总结。     

现代企业价值管理与财务战略

企业的经营管理活动是以实现价值最大化为根本目标的,现代企业的所有管理活动都是价值管理活动。本文通过研究价值管理与财务管理的关系,重新审视传统的财务战略,提出了新时期价值管理实践下的财务战略思路。这对新时期企业财务管理实现转型、探索和研究企业财务战略发展和转变具有一定的参考价值。     

The path to outcome delivery: Interplay of service market strategy and open business models

Firms in a variety of manufacturing sectors as well as the software industry have increasingly embraced services alongside their product portfolios in order to improve financial performance. Yet, the key question “How do service market strategy change and the accompanying business model change interact, and how does their interplay affect value creation?” remains open. Relying on twelve case studies of firms that have shifted towards providing highly advanced services (e.g. outcome-based contracts), theoretical propositions concerning the interplay of market strategy and business model on value creation are derived. The firms studied report two interdependent changes: first, they evolve the market strategy from provision of pure products to provision of services and then outcomes, in order to achieve a better fit with customer needs and to grow their service businesses. Second, they rely increasingly on partners and suppliers to provide new activities that are outside their competence base. This 'open business model' allows them to grow their new service businesses effectively and efficiently. At the same time, however, the shift to a service market strategy requires enhanced accountability to customers and increases the threat of penalties in the case of failure, while reliance on partners and suppliers leads to loss of control over the activity system and increases the threat of failure due to third party dependency. Thus, this paper finds that the success of firms that shift to services and outcomes hinges on their ability to balance the trade-off between increased value (i.e. growth, efficiency and effectiveness) and increased uncertainty associated with service market strategy/open business model interplay.     

对我国企业财务管理目标的探讨

财务管理是企业管理的一部分，是有关资金的获得和有效使用的管理工作。财务管理的目标，取决于企业的总目标。在我国，企业财务管理的目标应该是企业价值最大化，即企业所有者权益最大、企业劳动者权益最大和企业所负社会责任最大的最佳组合。在选择企业财务管理目标时，不应仅仅局限于某一个利益集团，而应综合考虑到与企业相关的各个方面的利益。     

上市公司盈余管理行为研究——基于企业伦理理论的视角

本文将企业伦理引入盈余管理行为分析框架,认为盈余管理行为是企业的理财行为,更多的涉及到企业的理财道德;文章运用企业伦理的原则评价盈余管理行为,并剖析了过度盈余管理行为的伦理道德根源;认为相关者利益、企业利益与伦理道德是一致的,盈余管理使企业违背了伦理道德,其不能使个人利益和企业利益最大化。企业盈余管理行为可能能够促进企业短期利润的提高,但最终不利于企业的长期发展。     

“I like it,but I don't use it”: Impact of carsharing business models on usage intentions in the sharing economy

Carsharing is often promoted as a potentially environmental‐friendly alternative to individual car ownership. However, various carsharing programs have displayed limited success in the past. An initial field study of a new carsharing service is such a story of failure: The introduction of this new service at a medium‐sized German university generated unexpectedly low adoption rates so that the service was eventually scaled down and then suspended. Quantitative field study results as well as additional qualitative focus groups reveal that missing compatibility is a key barrier to adoption. Drawing on extant conceptual frameworks of user participation in sharing business models, a factorial survey identifies the importance of different dimensions of carsharing business models for their acceptance. The results reveal that a set of convenience and lifestyle dimensions influences usage intentions, including mode of drive, pickup and drop‐off mode, service level, price model, availability, and type of market mediation. In contrast, vehicle fleet does not appear to influence carsharing models' acceptance. These findings contribute to research on business model configuration as well as the attitude–behavior gap in the sharing economy by determining relevant dimensions of a carsharing business model that can bridge the gap between basically positive attitudes and usage resistance. Thereby, they also serve for concrete managerial recommendations.