战略联盟内企业组织学习绩效的影响因素分析

知识已经成为持续竞争优势源泉,企业进行联盟内组织学习以获取战略性知识已成为其组建战略联盟的重要目的。文章认为,企业的吸收能力、学习意图以及联盟双方的知识基础、文化适应性、相互信任的程度、知识的性质以及联盟的结构和沟通机制是影响战略联盟内组织学习绩效的关键因素。     

企业战略联盟中的组织间学习

企业建立战略联盟的原因有许多种,其中通过组织间学习．获取联盟伙伴的管理经验与技术知识是一个重要动机。组织间学习是组织中的个体、团队和整个组织层在与其他组织的比较过程中,获得和应用新知识的过程。企业战略联盟中的组织间学习出于以下考虑：     

知识联盟与企业知识转移

知识联盟是现代企业战略联盟的一种重要形式。企业在组建知识联盟的过程中,可促使企业之间隐含性知识的转移,并且还能学习和创造新的交叉知识。企业隐含性知识能否在知识联盟的过程中实行有效转移,组织学习具有非常重要的意义,企业需要有明确的学习目标和较强的学习能力。     

战略并购与知识联盟的学习经济效应

企业战略并购和知识联盟的主要目的在于通过组织学习，从对方（并购方或联盟方）获得知识和能力，形成自身的竞争优势，创造更大的价值。由于这一学习过程能给企业带来经济效益，因此也称之为“学习经济”。学习经济的本质在于，由于学习速度加快而使知识转移效率提高，从而提升企业的战略资源价值，巩固企业的竞争优势。企业并购是为了实现目标企业的能力、知识的转移和扩散以及同并购企业原有能力、知识的整合，获得目标企业的战略资源，从而形成持续竞争优势。而知识联盟的主要目标也是为了学习及创造知识，形成企业的持续竞争优势。     

战略联盟学习绩效的影响因素与提升途径

文章在组织学习视角的观照下,把战略联盟看成一个共同学习以促进知识创造的集合体,运用结构化的方法对联盟学习绩效的影响因素进行了分析,并针对战略联盟学习绩效的提升提出了若干建议。     

基于生命周期的技术联盟组织学习研究

从技术联盟的生命周期角度入手,系统完整地介绍了技术联盟的整个发展过程,分析了各个阶段中企业组织学习的特征、学习内容和影响因素,指出企业应在整个技术联盟生命周期中加强对组织外知识的学习,最后提出增强企业在技术联盟中学习能力的三点建议。     

合作创新联盟中成员知识学习建模研究

积极参与全球合作创新已经成为新时期企业迅速提升核心能力的一条重要途径,合作创新联盟成员之间充满着竞争性学习行为。但目前国内外学术界针对合作创新中伙伴的学习行为进行建模研究并不多见。本文在广泛研读了相关文献的基础上,根据创新联盟成员组织学习特征,试图对合作创新联盟中成员知识学习行为进行建模分析与描述,并希望引起大家进一步展开讨论。     

中国企业跨国战略联盟中的组织学习研究

近年,中国企业与外国企业间组建了大量的跨国战略联盟,战略联盟为中国企业的全球学习营造了良好的组织支撑和学习界面。然而在现实中,由于存在着诸多障碍,制约了双方在联盟中组织学习的效果。因此,迫切需要理清障碍、加强学习管理,从而提升联盟中的组织学习效果,进而提高中国企业在国际市场的竞争优势。     

基于知识管理的邮政物流企业核心竞争力的培育研究

文章通过对邮政物流企业的核心竞争力培育进行理论分析，指出企业必须基于知识管理，通过密切联系客户、结成知识战略联盟和促进组织学习和知识分享，来培育邮政物流企业的核心竞争力。     

论组织学习对企业管理信息化的影响

正对组织学习能够带来创新、提升绩效、改变行为,理论界几乎已经达到了共识。那么,企业管理信息化的过程可以被看作是企业管理创新的过程吗?如果是,怎样的组织学习才能促进企业管理信息化成功完成?笔者拟就此问题进行探讨。一、组织学习、知识管理与组织创新(一)组织学习关于组织学习,研究者从不同角度对其进行了的界定。朱瑜等(2010)认为,组织学习是组织通过知识和信息的综合处理来改变组织及其成员认知与行为的综合学习过程。曾萍     

Strategic alliances,organizational learning,and competitive advantage: The HRM agenda

In the context of strategic alliances that involve competitive collaboration, the competitive advantage of a firm can be protected only through its capability to accumulate invisible assets by a carefully planned and executed process of organizational learning. As this process is embedded in people, many of the necessary capabilities are closely linked to HRM strategies and practice. The article advocates that the transformation of the HR system to support the process of organizational learning is the key strategic task facing the HR function in firms engaged in international cooperative ventures.     

Learning and Innovation in International Strategic Alliances: An Empirical Test of the Role of Trust and Tacitness

Drawing on knowledge-based, organizational learning, and social capital perspectives, we propose and test an integrated framework in which knowledge tacitness and trust act as mediating mechanisms in the relationship between partner characteristics and alliance outcomes. We distinguish between learning and innovation outcomes and suggest that while innovation may result from alliance learning, it can also be created by combining separate knowledge bases without learning from each other. We contend that tacitness and trust play differing roles in the pursuit of learning and innovation and test this proposition on a sample of 120 international strategic alliances.     

A Knowledge Accessing Theory of Strategic Alliances

ABSTRACT The emerging knowledge‐based view of the firm offers new insight into the causes and management of interfirm alliances. However, the development of an effective knowledge‐based theory of alliance formation has been inhibited by a simplistic view of alliances as vehicles for organizational learning in which strategic alliances have presumed to be motivated by firms’ desire to acquire knowledge from one another. We argue that the primary advantage of alliances over both firms and markets is in accessing rather than acquiring knowledge. Building upon the distinction between the knowledge generation (‘exploration’) and knowledge application (‘exploitation’), we show that alliances contribute to the efficiency in the application of knowledge; first, by improving the efficiency with which knowledge is integrated into the production of complex goods and services, and second, by increasing the efficiency with which knowledge is utilized. These static efficiency advantages of alliances are enhanced where there is uncertainty over future knowledge requirements and where new products offer early‐mover advantages. Compared with alternative learning‐based approaches to alliance formation, our proposed knowledge‐accessing theory of alliances offers the advantages of greater theoretical rigour and consistency with general trends in alliance activity and corporate strategy.     

Sources of Selection in Strategy Making

This paper elaborates theory inductively by following the evolution of 14 strategic initiatives from an exploratory case study. The study examines the context and character of such initiatives over an 8‐year period. Based on these initiatives, the paper proposes a two‐stage selection mechanism for the intra‐evolutionary strategy process that explains the long‐term mutation of organizations. The mechanism operates by selecting according to both fit with the strategic intent and feasibility of the initiative. These two elements combine into an organizational principle that is perceived as permanent in character but mutates through constructive confrontation. This principle contributes to the organizational identity but, being a low‐level element of such identity, it can be modified through learning while retaining an attribute of endurance as perceived by organizational members.     

The Indian perspective of strategic HR roles and organizational learning capability

This study focuses on the empirical analysis of strategic HR roles and organizational learning capability. Line and HR firm performance is further analysed. The sample size consisted of 640 managers in India. Standardized questionnaires were used as tools for the managers' perception of the two variables and their link to data collection. Statistical results indicate that correlation coefficients were mostly significant and positive for the variables and sub-variables of strategic HR roles and organizational learning capability. Discriminant functional analysis reflected that line and HR managers differed significantly in their perception of both variables. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that both the variables of strategic HR roles and organizational learning capability predict firm performance.     

Do Birds of a Feather Flock Higher? The Effects of Partner Similarity on Innovation in Strategic Alliances in Knowledge‐Intensive Industries

In spite of the consensus on the benefits of strategic alliances for learning and innovation, our understanding of the effects of partner similarity remains conflicted. This paper develops an integrative theoretical framework in which we propose that similar partners in a focal firm's alliance portfolio contribute to the firm's innovation up to a threshold, beyond which additional similar partners can lead to a decrease in innovation because of the trade-offs embedded in collaboration between similar partners. In this integrative framework, we also draw on organizational ecology and institutional perspectives to propose that the effect of partner similarity on innovation is positively moderated by organizational aging and the industry norm of collaboration at the firm's founding. Results from an analysis of 176 biotechnology firms between 1988 and 1999 support our arguments. This study contributes to research on strategic alliance and innovation by considering both the benefits and costs of partner similarity in the context of alliance portfolios and by exploring the multilevel contingencies for the effects of partner similarity.     

Towards an architecture of organization-led learning

This paper takes, as its starting point, the fact that one of Europe's stated strategic goals over the next 10 years is to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based society in the world. Here, lifelong learning is viewed as a critical element of achieving this strategy, central not only to competitiveness and employability, but also to social inclusion, active citizenship and personal development. Learning is thus fast becoming the conventional wisdom of organizational life, and yet, perplexingly, the relationship between work and learning remains a complex one. Located at the cusp of organizational learning, the learning organization and knowledge management fields, this paper reviews the theoretical underpinnings of organizational learning, arguing that, despite its inadequate conceptual coherence, it has been raised almost to the status of orthodoxy. In an attempt to address some of the inadequacies, the paper advances the idea of an architecture of organization-led learning that captures the consciously constructed systems and practices that could be put in place to facilitate learning at work.     

Organizational Legitimacy and the Strategic Bridging Ability of Green Alliances

Alliances with environmental non‐governmental organizations may benefit multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in developing countries where uncertain socio‐cultural and institutional conditions present higher investment risks. Such ‘green alliances’ can provide strategic bridging services by interceding between MNCs and distant, yet important, stakeholders. From an institutional perspective, strategic bridging success may depend on stakeholder perceptions of alliance legitimacy. In this study the relationship between alliance legitimacy and strategic bridging ability is explored through the case of the Turtle Village Trust in Trinidad and Tobago. Findings suggest that bridging success occurs when organizational legitimacy peaks; that new alliance partners temporarily weaken legitimacy; and bridging with every new targeted stakeholder requires continued acquisition of legitimacy based on their respective values. MNC decisions to form alliances that bridge targeted stakeholders on their behalf should therefore consider the potential of the alliance to acquire and accumulate organizational legitimacy without which strategic bridging efforts may be futile. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Strategic Motives For International Alliance Formation*

This paper considers the strategic motivation for international alliance formation for a sample of UK firms with partners in western Europe, the United States and Japan. the relative importance of a set of strategic motives is identified and related to extant theory. A parsimonious set of strategic motives for the sample studied is provided by means of factor analysis. the paper identifies the main strategic motives for alliance formation by UK firms as intrinsically linked to the market and geographical expansion of the firm and that the main strategic motives are underpinned by the theories of strategic positioning and organizational learning. This study also finds that some of the often suggested motives for alliance formation found in the literature, in particular aspects of risk reduction associated with new projects, appear not to be particularly important motivating factors. Hypotheses are tested on the relationship between the relative importance of individual strategic motives and a number of characteristics of the sample - contractual form of the alliance, relative partner size, primary geographical location of the venture, industry of the alliance and partner nationality. Implications of the findings for future theorizing on alliances and their motives is identified.