我国星级饭店成长制约因素及路径选择分析

2010年我国的经济总量已经居于世界第二位,在旅游方面,已经成为世界第三大入境旅游消费国和出境旅游消费国,这表明我国已经成为名副其实的经济大国、旅游大国.与此同时,旅游业对国民经济的贡献不断加大,2010年旅游收入占我国GDP的3.95％.据世界旅游组织预测,到2020年,我国将成为世界上最大的入境旅游接待国,但是与之不相称的是我国旅游企业的发展却不尽人意,旅游企业的整体竞争力并不强,与国际有竞争力的旅游企业相比依然在规模、数量和效益等方面存在着较大的差距.     

我国海洋经济可持续发展的影响因素及路径选择

近二十年以来我国海洋经济实现了高速增长，但从可持续发展的角度审视这种增长，还存在许多问题。文章针对影响我国海洋经济发展的主要因素，提出了促进海洋经济可持续发展的路径。     

东北亚自由贸易区的路径选择及经济影响分析

本文对东北亚国家在建立自由贸易区方面的不同路径选择及其经济影响进行比较分析。     

论应用型本科人才培养的机关效能建设

论述了应用型本科人才培养的必要性,探讨了机关效能建设对应用型本科人才培养的影响与作用,并就面向应用型本科人才培养如何加强机关效能建设提出了“紧抓一个中心、促进两个延伸、实现三个优化、做到四个结合、达到五个创新”的思路。     

中小企业应对入世的制约因素及目标路径选择

加入世界贸易组织，我国企业尤其是中小企业面临着巨大的生存与发展的挑战。如何加强中小企业的竞争力，已成为入世后中小企业的当务之急。中小企业要想经受住入世的挑战和危机，并不断发展壮大，必须对自身进行一系列的调整和改革。     

公共财政维度下的民族区域自治地方财政自治权

民族区域自治地方财政自治权是一项非常重要的民族区域自治权,与一个国家的财政体制有直接关系。今天,我国已建立了社会主义市场经济,财政体制已向公共财政体制转变并开始完善,这要求民族区域自治地方财政自治权进一步完善。     

新时期加强廉政文化建设的路径选择

加强廉政文化建设是深入贯彻落实科学发展观的必然要求,是建设社会主义核心价值体系的重要内容,是深入推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争的战略举措。要加强廉政文化建设,必须深化宣传教育,奠定廉政文化建设的思想基础;加强制度建设,形成廉政文化建设的长效机制;丰富载体与手段,推进廉政文化社会化;建立廉政文化建设成效评估体系,检验廉政文化建设的成效。     

文化产业的发展趋势及路径选择

文化实力的竞争日益成为21世纪人类社会竞争的主要内容,文化产业的科学化发展对增强一国的文化力、提高国家软实力具有至关重要的作用。本文通过对比世界上文化发展先进国家的成功经验,从全球文化发展现状及趋势、文化产业的发展趋势及路径选择进行了论述,并提出文化产业体制改革的深入与市场体系的完善,为产业进行整合、形成新型产业链、获得产业整合超额价值提供良好发展机遇。     

贵州县域经济发展的制约因素及路径选择

近年来,贵州县域经济逐渐走上了快速发展之路。但也还存在着如经济基础薄弱,县域经济发展不平衡,产业结构不合理等制约因素。针对这些制约因素提出因地制宜走特色化发展道路和优化产业结构,壮大县域工业经济等发展路径。     

湖南数字经济高质量发展的问题、影响因素及路径选择研究

目前关于数字经济、经济高质量发展以及数字经济如何促进经济高质量发展的相关研究日益成为学者关注的焦点。但在推动湖南数字经济实现高质量发展的过程中存在不同区域间的数字经济对经济高质量的影响效应存在显著异质性等问题。为壮大湖南数字经济以增强经济高质量发展,亟待加大对数字经济技术型动能发展的投入;加强区域协作,实现共同发展;设计科学政策指引;加快构建数字要素市场,为数字经济赋能区域经济高质量发展提供优质条件。     

Direct democracy and local government efficiency

This paper studies the role of direct democracy in ensuring efficient and cost-effective provision of goods and services in the public sector. The sample consists of the population of municipalities in the German State of Bavaria, where in the mid-1990s considerable direct democratic reforms granted citizens wide opportunities to directly participate in local affairs through binding initiatives. Using information on the municipal resources and the municipal provision of public goods, and applying a fully non-parametric approach to estimate local government overall efficiency, the analysis shows that more direct democratic activity is associated with higher government efficiency. This result suggests that more inclusive governance through direct decision-making mechanisms may induce more accountable and less inefficient governments.     

村民自治与国家重建

本文立足于中国乡村社会的实际，从“国家建设“的视角探讨村民自治的工具价值和历史功能。文章认为，在整个20世纪的中国现代化进程之中，国家建设一直贯穿始终。村民自治是一种国家重建形式，它的推行并非国家从乡村社会的退出，相反则是国家真正深入乡村社会的表现；由于它重新起用了乡村的民间资源，并实现了国家政权与乡村社会性质的对接和融合，无疑是国家对乡村社会整合成熟的标志。     

Decentralization and regional government size in Spain

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of fiscal decentralization on the size of regional governments in Spain, by controlling for economies of scale, interregional heterogeneity and institutional framework. We study it over 1985 to 2004 using a panel dataset of seventeen spanish regions. The results can be easily summarized. Firstly, it supports the classic public goods theory of a trade-off-between the economic benefits of size and the costs of heterogeneity. Secondly, it doesn??t reject the ??Leviathan?? hypothesis and neither does the ??common pool?? hypothesis. Thirdly, by contrast, the paper partly rejects the ??Wallis???? hypothesis. It argues that government size is mediated by financial resources obtained through intergovernmental grants, consistent with welfare economics and positive economic policies. We conclude that later advances in the decentralisation process must be compatible with the goal of reducing fiscal imbalances that emanate from the vertical structure of fiscal power.     

制约大学英语自主性学习的若干因素及思考

本文通过对自主性学习概念和内外部影响因素的探讨,在调查访谈的基础上,分析了制约大学英语自主性学习的若干因素,探讨了在英语课堂中培养自主性学习能力的途径。     

基于DEA的中国绿色经济效率地区差异与收敛分析

本文运用熵权法构造了各地区综合环境污染指数,将其引入效率测度DEA模型,测度了1995—2007年间我国29个省市区的绿色经济效率,并对各地区绿色经济效率增长差异进行了收敛性检验。研究结果表明:伴随着我国经济高速增长的同时,环境污染问题日益严峻;整体上我国绿色经济效率呈波动型上升趋势,且由东部、西部、中部依次递减;由于各地区经济基础条件与特征不同,全国总体绿色经济效率不存在收敛趋势,但东部与中部地区绿色经济效率表现出俱乐部收敛。     

Local government efficiency: determinants and spatial interdependence

We analyse the determinants of local government efficiency taking into account the presence of spatial interactions among neighbouring municipalities. To do so, first we estimate an efficiency index using the robust order-m methodology in Valencian municipalities (Spain). Second, we examine the socio-economic, political and budgetary factors that might influence efficiency levels. Finally, we analyse the spatial interactions present in our data. The results of estimating a spatial autoregressive model show that government efficiency in neighbouring municipalities positively affects the local government’s own efficiency. This highlights the importance of considering spatial dependence structures in studies on efficiency in the public sector.     

论国家权限与政府腐败

马克思主义者认为,国家是超出其他一切以维持和维护阶级统治和剥削为职能的一种机构。国家征税是权力当做资本的结果。国家通过征税参与剩余价值的分配,但国家权力资本分配财富不是无限的。在市场经济中,政府对于维护国家经济安全负有重要的责任。制度的腐败导致官员生活的腐化,对官员权力寻租的批判不应当脱离人的本性。     

Index-linked government bonds and the efficiency of monetary policy

This essay considers James Tobin's suggestion that the introduction of index-linked government bonds could make monetary policy more efficient. A macroeconomic model incorporating a given state of expectations and uncertainty is used to show that there should be no systematic difference between the effects of a given monetary policy shift in a regime in which government bonds are index-linked and in a regime in which government bonds are nominal. Monetary policy could have different effects in the two regimes when the model is complicated to allow the monetary policy shift to generate changes in the state of expectations and uncertainty; even so, it is impossible to say a priori in which regime monetary policy would be more efficient.     

The regional allocation of infrastructure investment: The role of equity, efficiency and political factors

This paper analyses the main determinants of the regional allocation of infrastructure investment. The estimated investment equation is derived from a general specification of the government's objective function (Berhman and Craig, Am. Econom. Rev. 77 (1987) 315), which accounts both for the equity-efficiency trade-off and for deviations from this rule that arise because of political factors. The reaction of investment to changes in the regional output provides information about the strength of the equity-efficiency trade-off. The main political factor considered is a measurement of the electoral productivity of funds invested in each region. The equation is estimated from panel data on investment and the capital stock of transportation infrastructure (i.e., roads, rails, ports and airports) for the Spanish departments (NUTS3) during the period 1987-1996. We use a dynamic specification of the equation that allows for slow adjustment and which is estimated by GMM methods (Arellano and Bond, Rev. Econom. Stud. 58 (1991) 277). The results suggest that efficiency criteria play only a limited role in the geographical distribution of government infrastructure investment. Specific regional infrastructure needs and political factors both appear to be factors that do explain the regional allocation of infrastructure investment.     

Fiscal transparency,government effectiveness and government spending efficiency: Some international evidence based on panel data approach

The global financial crisis and the debt crisis of the EU countries revealed serious weaknesses in fiscal reporting. As a consequence, uncertainties regarding the real situation of the public accounts of the countries raised doubts in relation to the effectiveness of government policies. Since then, countries are undertaking reforms in order to improve fiscal transparency. This paper analyzes whether countries are making efforts to enhance fiscal transparency, and whether fiscal transparency affects government effectiveness and government spending efficiency. We consider two channels through which this effect occurs. The first channel is indirect and it works through public debt. The second channel is the direct effect that transparency has on government effectiveness and government spending efficiency once transparency enhances accountability and thus the task of resource allocation. We use a sample of 82 countries (68 developing and 14 developed) for the period 2006–2014, and panel data analysis. Comparing the scores of fiscal transparency between 2006 and 2014, we observe that approximately 80 per cent of the countries made efforts to improve fiscal transparency. The results suggest fiscal transparency is important to reduce public debt and to improve government effectiveness and government spending efficiency.