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SALAH E. ELMAGHRABY 《工程经济学家》2013,58(4):320-328
In this paper, we measure economic profit in an inflationary environment. Inflation adjusted economic profit requires two principal alterations to Economic Value Added (EVA[rgrave]). First, because inflation increases the replacement cost of non-current assets above book value, one must make a downward adjustment to EVA[rgrave] to correctly measure economic profit. Second, we add a term to EVA[rgrave] to represent a manager's ability to increase product price as costs increase. This adjustment is positive because this ability adds value to a firm. When a firm's assets are largely current, the first adjustment is not necessary, and therefore, the second dominates. In this case, EVA[rgrave] underestimates economic profit. Economic profit remains positive when a firm's rate of return on invested capital, after tax and after depreciation, is less than the weighted average cost of capital by as much as the rate of inflation. Even when inflation is modest, unadjusted EVA[rgrave] has the potential to seriously misrepresent the operating performance of a firm. 相似文献
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Yahya Fathi 《工程经济学家》2013,58(1):101-103
This paper presents a Real Tune Computer Aided Process Planning (RTCAPP) system which can serve as a support tool for economic decision making during design activities. The system is capable of providing the information about manufacturing implication of each added design feature to the designer during the design process of prismatic parts. A knowledge-based system using a bierarchical planning scheme and a multi-bank rule base is developed to generate near-optimal process plans in real time. The planning process is supported by an optimization module which uses dynamic programming to minimize manufacturing costs. The incremental planning mechanism utilizes as much of the existing plan information as is necessary to generate a new process plan, whenever the design is updated. The system serves as an effective concurrent engineering tool that can be used to provide real time feedback on the manufacturing cost consequences to the designer 相似文献
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DUNCAN M. HOLTHAUSEN 《工程经济学家》2013,58(4):454-456
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C. T. Sawabini 《工程经济学家》2013,58(2):167-168
(Payback Plus 2.0 is an updated version of PAYBACK which had earlier been released by the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME). This new software package is published and distributed by MiCAPP Inc., 16956 230th Avenue, Big Rapids, Michigan 49307. It is available for the IBM-PC or compatible equipment; the advertised list price is £99 + £4 shipping and handling.) 相似文献
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R. V. Oakford 《工程经济学家》2013,58(2):172-173
This paper applies option pricing analysis to the problem of valuing the abandonment option of an investment proposal. The assumption is made that the abandonment option is exercisable at only one point in time in the future and that the project's vatue-in-use and its abandonment value are lognormally distributed. The model is employed to measure how the uniqueness of the project asset, as measured by the correlation between these two lognormal random variables, affects the value of the abandonment option. It is shown that the more unique the asset, or the higher the correlation, the lower is the value of the abandonment option. The model is also employed to examine the impact of increased uncertainty in these two random variables on the value of the abandonment option. The relationships are shown to be nonmonotonic. However, beyond critical thresholds, increased uncertainty in either one of the two variables enhances the value of the abandonment option. 相似文献
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汽车制造企业车身焊接车间的F.A.T.真空发生器,因设备老化等原因,操作盒的开关按钮开始失灵。将真空发生器上的气动换向阀改为电磁换向阀,在PLC中修改SWAC面板的程序,实现SWAC面板对真空发生器的控制。 相似文献
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R. R. Hocking 《工程经济学家》2013,58(4):263-264
A survey of firms in the chemical, computer, and pharmaceutical Industries provides insight into Investment decision making practices under environmental/ social uncertainty. The practices are fairly simple, appropriate only when a new product is very similar to existing products. The practices ' perceived advantages and disadvantages establish a general blueprint for the development of new decision making techniques. The new techniques need to improve accuracy as much as possible without losing simplicity, and need to be generally acceptable to all the firms in the industry 相似文献
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JANE M. FRASER 《工程经济学家》2013,58(2):185-186
In their recent paper Tang and Tang (2003, pp. 69–78) revive a longstanding controversy—net present value (NPV) versus internal rate of return (IRR)—by characterizing the NPV as an economic indicator and the IRR as a financial one. The paper implies that this distinction justifies ranking financial alternatives by ranking their IRRs. In the current article, it is argued that the direct IRR ranking does not necessarily provide the same evaluation environment—and therefore a fair comparison—for each alternative involved, and that the incremental ranking approach is needed to remedy this shortcoming. The article also points out that Tang and Tang's numerical examples of simple projects with one sign change in their cash flow patterns do not address the problem of multiple IRRs, which consequently renders Tang and Tang's ranking approach dysfunctional. It is demonstrated that the concept of a true rate of return, substituting for the non-performing IRR and applied in conjunction with the incremental approach, provides an adequate tool for ranking mutually exclusive projects or a project's technical or financial alternatives. 相似文献
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Ralph O. Swalm 《工程经济学家》2013,58(2):123-125
In this paper we extend Thompson's [17] work using time series models within the discounted cash flow framework to estimate the cost of equity capita] for a firm. In particular we do the following: First, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution for the cost of equity capital. Secondly, we verify that the cost of equity function is continuously differentiable and derive the formula for its reliability. Formulas for both the cost and its reliability are in terms of infinite sums or infinite dimension matrices. Thirdly, we derive estimators of the cost of equity capital and its reliability which are in terms of finite sums and easy to calculate. We show that these estimated converge to the cost of equity capital and its reliability. Finally, our procedure for estimation applies to a wide variety of time series models that may be used to forecast dividends. 相似文献
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