优化污水处理工艺实现剩余活性污泥减排

对中国石化上海石油化工股份公司环境保护中心优化污水处理工艺,实现装置内剩余活性污泥减排的工艺实践进行了介绍。通过对污水装置进行部分改造,在装置内实施污泥好氧消化和污泥好氧-沉淀-缺氧处理（OSA）工艺,减少污泥量（按含水率85％计）约3．5kt／a,同比减少11．2％。     

提高氢气提纯装置氢气回收率的工艺改进

介绍了上海石化3^#氢气提纯（PSA）装置的工艺运行情况,并对产品氢气回收率偏低的原因进行了分析。通过提高分周期吸附时间、降低顺放（顺向放压）压力等方法改善吸附剂的再生效果,从而有效地提高氢气回收率。     

煤炭企业生产要素时间组合优化问题研究

一、煤炭企业生产要素时间组合的现状所谓生产要素时间组合是指生产要素进入、退出煤炭企业生产经营系统时以及生产运营中 ,在时间上的先后顺序及其在运动中所持续时间的相互联系、相互作用的状态。时间组合的现实形式是企业生产经营活动的时间组织和安排 ,若生产要素都视为广义资本 ,那么时间组合 ,就是企业资本运营过程。煤炭企业生产要素时间组合优化 ,就是科学地安排生产要素形成过程的先后顺序和结合时间 ,以及它们在煤炭企业生产经营系统内的运行时限 ,以求得最佳的速度经济。时间是一种不能直接看得到、摸得着的资源 ,因而 ,在现实之…     

电力上市公司应适时调整经营发展战略

17家电力上市公司收益稳定但也存在股东单一、发展后劲不足等问题,都需要根据市场变化不断调整经营发展战略,最好放弃纯电力概念这张牌,以电力行业为依托,积极稳妥向科技环境等产业进军。     

Regulatory options for cable TV in the UK

In this article the alternative methods of regulating the cable TV industry are compared in terms of efficiency and consumer welfare. The effectiveness of each regulatory option in limiting any market power that cable operators may be able to exercise is considered in a framework which recognizes that both the market and government regulations are imperfect, costly and often do not operate in the public interest.     

The Incidence of the Land Use Regulatory Tax

Land use regulation has been found to impose a substantial tax on housing within select U.S. metropolitan areas. In this article, we develop hypotheses regarding the incidence of this tax by income class and racial group within these areas. Parcel‐level data from Miami‐Dade County, Florida, are used to test our hypotheses. We find that, while the tax rises with a household's permanent income, this rise is less than proportional, making it a regressive tax. We also find, controlling for household permanent income, that the tax is a higher percentage of the price of homes located in black neighborhoods in comparison to those located in white or Hispanic neighborhoods.     

WSA工艺在酸性气硫回收中的应用

丹麦托普索湿法制酸（WSA）工艺可以有效地利用各种生产过程中产生的含硫酸性气体直接制酸,得到商品级浓硫酸,具有适用范围广、工艺流程简单、硫回收率高、操作成本低、经济效益好等特点,是石油、石化、冶金、化肥、发电、焦化、煤化工等行业的一种可供选择的有竞争力的硫回收工艺路线。简要介绍WSA工艺的原理、流程、技术特点和应用前景。     

刍议无形资产的核算

为适应社会主义市场经济发展 ,规范企业无形资产等事项的会计核算及相关信息披露 ,从而提高会计信息质量 ,财政部制定了《企业会计准则———无形资产》等 3项准则 ,并修订了《企业会计准则———现金流量表》等 5项准则 ,并从 2 0 0 1年 1月 1日起执行。《企业会计准则———无形资产》对无形资产的核算作了明确具体的规定 ,但其对于自创无形资产的会计核算的规定并不深入 ,笔者在此作一探讨。一、无形资产的价值构成及价格确定要进行无形资产的核算 ,就必须了解无形资产是如何形成以及其价值、价格是如何决定的。根据经济学观点 ,商品具有…     

环境友好 服务首都——创建国家环境友好企业纪实

2005年10月20日,经过国家环境保护总局的验收和公示,中电国华电力股份有限公司北京热电分公司,被正式授予“国家环境友好企业”称号,这是全国电力系统第一家获得此项荣誉的企业。     

中国垄断性生产业管制机构的改革--以中国电信产业管制机构为例

管制机构对垄断性产业的经济效率具有重要影响.本文将分析中国垄断性产业现行管制机构存在的主要问题,具有独立性的管制机构的优越性,讨论美国和英国等经济发达国家管制机构的特点,最后探讨中国垄断性产业管制机构的设立与规范问题.     

企业资本运营探讨

资本运营已成为我国经济实施战略性结构调整、实现经济资源合理布局、转变经济发展方式、提高经济整体素质和国际竞争力的重要手段。文章探讨的主要内容有三部分：一是如何理解资本运营的概念和特点;二是怎样从财务管理理论角度区分资本运营的财务要素;三是简单介绍资本运营的主要模式。     

Endogenous Regulatory Constraints and the Emergence of Hybrid Regulation

Models of public utility regulation are often framed, alternatively, as rate-of-return or price-cap regulation. In practice, however, regulators have increasingly adopted a variety of hybrid regulatory constraints that embody elements of both these, and other, regulatory forms. In this paper, we draw upon elements of both the positive economic theory of regulation and standard efficiency-based economic analysis of regulation to develop a model that endogenously yields hybrid regulatory constraints as a regulatory optimum. In this context, the paper further demonstrates that a commonly observed side payment–profit sharing–enhances regulator welfare. The results provide a plausible basis for understanding the pattern of modern regulatory constraints.     

三大公司领导人谈油气行业监管改革

为推动中国石油天然气行业的发展,促进行业结构调整和监管体制改革,加强该领域的国际交流与合作,国务院体改办于2000年12月14～15日在京召开了“中国石油天然气行业监管体制改革”国际研讨会。在这次研讨会上,中国石油天然气集团公司副总经理郑虎、中国石油化工股份有限公司总经济师刘文龙、中国海洋石油总公司总法律顾问曹云石对油气行业监管体制改革提出了建议,受到与会代表的极大关注。本刊特摘录其中重要的观点予以发表,以飨广大读者。     

Regulatory initiatives and related activities in the United States

Prevention of chemical incidents is an important issue in the chemical petroleum industries. This issue is receiving focus and attention from a wide spectrum—Industry, Labor, Professional Associations, Environmental Groups Government and the Public. The purpose of this paper is to review the various regulatory initiatives and related activities regarding chemical process safety.     

Bank Capital and the Credit Crunch: The Roles of Risk-Weighted and Unweighted Capital Regulations

We investigated whether in recent years banks have increased their holdings of securities at the expense of their holdings of business loans in response to shortfalls of their capital relative to risk-weighted capital standards and relative to a capital standard that made no explicit allowance for credit risk. We estimated that bank credit fell by about $4.50 for each $1 that a bank's capital fell short of the unweighted capital standard. Banks that had less capital than required by the risk-weighted standard appear to have shifted away from assets with low risk weights (securities and single-family mortgages) and to have shifted toward assets with higher risk weights (commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans). When we included both shortfall variables in a regression, shortfalls relative to the unweighted capital standard significantly affected bank credit, while shortfalls of capital relative to the risk-weighted standard did not. We found no significant effects of capital shortfalls at other, local-competitor banks on bank portfolios. Delinquencies in a given category of a bank's loans generally had significantly negative effects on that bank's holdings of loans in that category. In contrast, banks tended to increase holdings of loans in categories in which local-competitor banks were experiencing higher delinquency rates.     

Capital Structure and the Cost of Capital for Untaxed Firms: The Case of REITs

REITs offer the opportunity to examine the relationship between capital structure and cost of capital in the absence of corporate earnings taxes. The evidence supports the leverage clientele effect as the motivation for the use of financial leverage by REITs.