政府支出与均衡实际汇率

本文首先回顾了政府支出与均衡实际汇率之间关系的研究文献。开放的宏观经济理论认为 ,政府支出的增加会导致私人消费的增加 ,从而导致经常项目恶化和实际汇率上升。本文建立了一个关于消费者行为和政府行为分析的模型 ,并将其置于一个内外均衡的框架下讨论政府对贸易品和非贸易品支出变动对私人消费和均衡实际汇率的影响 ,以及政府的货币政策是如何影响政府支出政策进而对均衡实际汇率产生影响的。结论是 :政府对非贸易品支出的变化对均衡实际汇率的影响是不确定的 ;名义本币资产的增长对均衡实际汇率的影响也是不确定的。     

社会保障支出对居民消费水平影响研究——以广东省为例

本文运用计量分析方法对1990～2010年广东省居民消费、居民收入、居民储蓄和社会保障支出之间的关系进行了实证研究,结果表明广东省居民消费与收入、上期储蓄和社会保障支出存在长期稳定的均衡关系,而且,社会保障支出并没有消除消费者的后顾之忧,反而在某种程度上挤出了消费。居民不敢消费的根本原因是社会保障体系的不健全,以及受社会保障体系不健全的影响,居民对未来不确定性支出的预期较大。在此基础上,本文提出了如何促进居民消费的政策建议。     

中国家庭股市资产价值变动对居民消费的影响——来自CHFS的微观证据

近年来针对股市资产价值变动与消费关系的研究多采用宏观数据,难以揭示股市资产价值变动对居民消费影响的细节。为克服以上缺陷,文章利用中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）数据分析股市资产价值变动对中国居民消费的影响。实证结果表明：（1）股市资产价值变动对居民消费的影响总体较弱,其中市值变动的财富效应主要体现在改善性消费上,而对饮食等日常必须消费和奢侈品消费影响较小,这可能与我国居民的收入结构和投资方式有关;（2）随着年龄增长,居民的收入分布和资产配置倾向发生改变,股市资产价值变动对不同年龄居民消费的影响呈现先减小后增大的U型分布。研究结论揭示了股市资产价值变动对居民消费影响的分布特征,为今后股市改革方向提供了建议。     

对于影响CPI因素的研究

本文首先对于居民消费价格指数进行理论阐述,深入剖析其对于国民经济发展和居民生活的意义。继而从计量统计的角度,对各个变量序列进行平稳性处理之后。运用回归分析的方法,重点分析了食品类消费价格指数和工业生产出厂价格指数的变动对于居民消费价格指数波动的影响程度。分析认为,食品类消费价格水平的涨落对于居民消费价格指数的变动影响较大（影响系数为0.32）,而工业生产出厂价格的变化对于居民消费价格指数的变动影响很小（影响系数为0.085）。     

鄂尔多斯市城镇居民消费结构变化的实证分析

消费结构反映了一定时期内消费者所消费的衣、食、住、行各种资料之间的比例关系,是需求结构直接的表现,它又通过需求结构影响着产业结构,并在一定程度上折射出居民的生活质量.正确地把握居民的消费结构,掌握消费变动规律,了解居民消费的现状及其内在联系,对提高居民的消费水平,调整市场供需关系及产业结构,引领居民向更高的消费层次升级具有重要的现实意义.     

重庆农村居民收入与消费的实证分析

收入是决定居民消费需求的基本因素。文章采用1985—2007年的年度统计数据,对重庆农村居民人均年纯收入与消费支出的数据进行了协整分析,得出了两者之间存在着长期稳定均衡关系的结论,由此对收入与消费建立了误差修正模型。该模型不仅描述了收入与消费的长期均衡关系,而且也描述了收入与消费的短期波动调整关系。     

基于结构突变的人民币均衡实际汇率研究

经济转轨过程中，汇率体制改革和政策调整会使人民币汇率的数据生成过程发生结构突变。本文运用基于结构突变的协整方法，建立了人民币均衡实际汇率（ERER）模型。实证结果显示，在考虑结构突变的情况下，多数基本经济要素变量与人民币实际有效汇率存在显著的长期均衡关系，人民币汇率在2002年以后的确存在一定程度的低估。     

收入分配和城市化对我国居民消费的影响

按消费主体分,总消费可分居民消费和政府消费。居民消费是总消费的主要组成部分,对总消费增长、消费率的变动起着决定性的作用。居民消费又分为城镇居民消费和农村居民消费,因此,居民消费的增长、居民消费率的变动,不仅取决于城乡居民的收入水平、消费倾向,还取决于城乡人口的比例关系,即城市化水平。     

中国政府支出调控对居民消费的影响

判断以调控政府支出为重点的财政政策是否合理,关键要弄清楚中国的财政支出和居民消费之间的关系。本文运用协整理论、误差修正模型,考察了政府消费与政府投资对居民消费长期均衡和短期的冲击响应;然后根据中国政府财政支出的各要素,分别考察了财政支出要素对居民消费的短期冲击响应,最后基于经验分析结果得出相关结论与政策建议:依靠扩大进出口总额来提高居民消费率的措施将很难奏效;促进居民消费,政府投资的效果要好于政府消费;从短期与长期看,经济建设支出对居民消费具有挤出效应,但作用不大;合理控制行政管理支出;增加对社会发展的投入,改善消费预期,提高消费倾向。     

人民币内向实际汇率均衡水平与错位程度测算:1997-2007

本文基于行为均衡汇率（BEER）理论，运用边限协整检验方法，测算了1997年1月-2007年11月期间人民币内向实际汇率均衡水平和错位程度。实证结果表明：人民币内向实际汇率在大部分时间里错位，不过总体而言错位并不严重。     

Financial integration and consumption risk sharing in East Asia

This paper estimates the degree of consumption risk sharing and analyzes the channels of consumption risk sharing among the 10 East Asian countries. Estimation results show that a bulk of cross-sectional variance of GDP, about 80 percent, is not smoothed within the region which suggests that the degree of consumption risk sharing is far from complete and very low in the region. Capital markets play a minimal role and credit markets provide a positive but limited role. These results imply that the market channels do not function well in smoothing idiosyncratic output shocks. To be consistent, we also found that the potential welfare gains from consumption risk sharing within East Asia are quite large. Compared to the OECD countries, the degree of risk sharing achieved is lower and the potential gains are larger in the East Asian countries, but the degree of risk sharing and the potential gains are similar in relatively more developed East Asian countries.     

东亚金融合作的经验分析与理性反思

金融危机后,从单边角度考察,东亚各经济体又陷入了一种汇率制度选择的囚徒困境,东亚地区的汇率安排问题需要求助于区域性的金融合作机制。东亚强势国家的政府在跨国界的经济制度安排中更能够发挥强制性制度变迁的主导功能,并提供制度化的合作体系。为了防止市场溢出和政策外溢,降低合作成本,避免逆效合作与搭便车行为,保证金融合作的稳定推进与分步实施,必须通过多次博弈,对东亚国家的货币政策、财政政策以及汇率政策进行国际间的协调。     

High‐Frequency Contagion of Currency Crises in Asia*

Using daily data from the Asian currency crisis, the present paper examines high‐frequency contagion effects among six Asian countries. The ‘origin’ (of exchange rate depreciation, or decline in stock prices) and the ‘affected’ (currencies, or stock prices) in the daily spillover relationship were defined and identified. Indonesia is found to be the main origin country, affecting exchange rates of other countries. Contrary to conventional wisdom, evidence of high‐frequency crisis spillover from the Thai exchange rate to other currencies was weak at best. There exists a high‐frequency contagion in stock markets among East Asian countries. Contagion coefficients are positively correlated with trade indices, indicating that investors lower their financial assessment of a country that has trade linkage to a crisis origin country within days, if not hours, of a shock.     

东亚金融一体化的动态及其收益

近年来，东亚一系列区域金融合作引起了学术界对地区金融一体化现状和收益的极大兴趣。文章基于价格和数量的测度考察了东亚地区金融一体化的程度：抛补利差和股权溢价的β收敛结果表明，危机之前东亚金融市场的全球和区域一体化并行，但在近几年，区域一体化趋势更强劲，超过了全球一体化；金融引力模型的结果表明，东亚主要的跨境金融投资者的区域内金融资产持有量比金融引力模型预测的水平更大。此外，面板回归确定了较高的金融一体化作为更广泛的金融发展的关键组成部分，会显著降低东亚国家对发达国家的经常账户失衡，因此，区域层面的金融一体化可以作为加强东亚国家的增长来源和提高经济弹性的重要政策路径。     

东亚金融一体化与消费风险分担的实证研究

本文运用相关性分析和面板数据模型,研究东亚金融一体化进程中国际消费风险分担的水平、动态演进及影响因素,得出金融一体化并未有效推动东亚的国际消费风险分担,其原因与东亚地区金融一体化及贸易开放度较低、金融发展较为滞后、消费平滑的交易成本较高有关。应从发展区域资本市场和借贷市场、完善跨国财政转移支付、提高商品和要素的跨国流动性等方面,完善东亚的国际消费风险分担机制。     

资产财富和居民消费——来自中国省际面板数据的经验证据

随着"双循环"发展战略的提出，如何提升我国居民消费成为研究热点。与已有研究不同，文章首先从省际视角研究了居民消费行为的影响因素，证实了金融资产和住房资产分别对消费产生的促进作用和抑制作用，且金融资产的促进作用大于住房资产的抑制作用。其次，文章探讨了两种资产对不同种类消费品的影响，金融资产增加主要促进教育娱乐医疗等改善性消费，住房资产增加则主要抑制基本品消费。最后，文章对不同省份居民消费的影响因素进行异质性分析，发现金融资产对消费的促进作用随收入、资产增加先上升后下降，而住房资产对消费的抑制作用随收入、资产增加先上升后下降，金融资产和住房资产在东部地区影响小于西部地区，且受区域教育、人口和收入结构影响。综上来看，提升居民收入水平，改善居民收入结构，控制房价过度上涨，改善资本市场在资产分配中的作用，加大政府在教育、医疗、养老等公共服务方面的投入能够有效改善家庭资产结构，提升居民消费水平。     

Sources of time-varying trade balance and real exchange rate dynamics in East Asia

A sticky-price model with minimal assumptions for identification is used to motivate a time-varying model that allows for state dependent innovations to explore the trade balance dynamics of a group of East Asian economies. This paper shows that the correlation between the trade balance and the real exchange has historically been highly conditional on the type of macroeconomic shock. Permanent (transitory) shocks have historically produced a positive (negative) correlation between the trade balance and real exchange rate over the last 20 years. Second, since the Asian financial crisis the real exchange rate dynamics of the East Asian countries have been dominated by persistent component(s), while the dynamics of the trade balance have been more influenced by transitory factors.     

Electricity consumption and economic development in Asia: new data and new methods

This study uses a new statistical technique, Panel Analysis of Nonstationarity in Idiosyncratic and Common Components (PANIC) analysis, to examine causal linkages between electricity consumption and economic development in 12 Asian countries over the period 1971–2011. The findings indicate that there was no long‐run equilibrium relationship between electricity consumption and economic development in the region as a whole. More importantly, the causality tests detected unidirectional causality from economic development to electricity consumption for East Asian countries and a reverse causal relationship for South Asian countries. These findings have important policy implications for sustainable energy consumption.     

Financial crises,Asian stock indices,and current accounts: An Asian-U.S. comparative study

This paper investigates the effects of financial crises-based exchange rate, real interest rate, and personal consumption expenditure on stock market indices and balances of current account in four Asian countries/areas, and the U.S. from 1997 to 2010. Results obtained from Sims's first-order DSGE representation suggest that two policy variables – changes in the exchange rate and changes in the real interest rate lagged by one quarter – act as stabilizers for contemporaneous changes in stock indices for Thailand, Malaysia, and the U.S., but as destabilizers for Taiwan and Hong Kong. However, changes in personal consumption expenditure lagged by one quarter only play a destabilizing role in Hong Kong. For contemporaneous changes in the current account balance, all three policy variables become destabilizers for all five countries except the one-quarter lagged change in real interest rate, which acts as a stabilizer in Malaysia.     

Toward regional financial and monetary cooperation in East Asia1

The financial and economic crisis in 1997–98 came as a dramatic shock to East Asian economies, and has prompted to institutionalize a regional financial and monetary cooperation. This paper demonstrates the strong will of East Asian countries to develop the regional financial and monetary cooperation, outlines recent developments, and provides possible prospects for the future. It points out that the option to keep consistent with the IMF system actually weakens regional solidarity, and recommends an immediate establishment of a strong regional surveillance and peer pressure mechanism for the Chiang Mai Initiative (CMI) to evolve into a common pool of foreign exchange reserves, a sort of East Asian IMF. It also argues that East Asian countries should closely coordinate their exchange rate regime to maintain intra‐regional and extra‐regional exchange rate stability.