应收账款质押贷款的风险及其模糊综合研究

中小企业在发展过程中一方面主要由于不能提供有效的不动产抵押品而遭遇资金瓶颈,另一方面又积累着大量的应收账款.自2007年出台的<物权法>中明确了应收账款可以作为有效质押物以来,为缺乏有效不动产作为抵押的中小企业增加了一个新的融资渠道.本文主要分析了应收账款质押贷款的风险点,并针对这些风险无法具体衡量、相互关系复杂等特点采用模糊综合研究方法进行风险的量化研究,为商业银行是否开展该业务提供参考.     

商业银行开展应收账款质押融资问题研究

近年来,中小企业应收账款融资的需求越来越多,部分地区和银行已开始尝试该项业务,为了规范和促进中小企业应收账款融资,<物权法>对应收账款质押做了原则规定.本文对商业银行开展应收账款融资相关问题进行了深入研究,对业务实践中相似的融资方式或担保方式进行了比较,并对在目前法律环境下如何防范法律风险提出了建议和措施,对商业银行顺利开展应收账款融资业务有一定的指导意义.     

商业银行应收账款质押授信业务法律风险及防范

应收账款质押是解决中小企业融资难的有效融资担保方式之一.但由于应收账款的特殊性,加之我国应收账款质押方面的立法仍不够完善,并且商业银行开办应收账款质押授信业务的时间尚短,较缺乏经验,使得商业银行面临着极大的法律风险.为了有效防范应收账款质押授信的法律风险,商业银行一方面必须严格选择符合法律规定、适合质押的应收账款,另一方面,还应依法办理质押登记并及时通知应收账款的债务人.     

Research on the Accounts Receivable Pledge Financing

当前,融资难成为我国中小企业发展面临的主要困境。近几年来,经过人民银行大力推广应收账款质押登记公示系统,应收账款质押融资已经成为有效解决我国中小企业融资难题的重要工具之一。本文阐述了当前国内应收账款质押融资业务基本情况,详细分析了广西应收账款质押融资业务发展现状和面临的一些问题和困难,并提出了相应的对策建议：一是健全完善应收账款质押融资配套法规制度;二是加强对各金融机构应收账款质押融资业务指导;三是争取地方政府出台相关指导性文件;四是鼓励金融机构开展应收账款质押贷款,同时加强风险控制;五是加强担保体系和中小企业信用体系建设。     

应收账款质押融资业务在中小城市推广难的问题探讨——以沧州市为例

《中华人民共和国物权法》以法律形式规定了应收账款可以设立质权,扩大了企业可以担保的财产范围,应收账款质押融资成为缓解中小企业贷款难的一项新举措。但从中小城市发展情况来看,应收账款质押融资仍处于起步阶段。业务发展过程中的风险的评估及可控性成为制约应收账款质押融资业务的关键因素,如何准确把握风险,促进业务发展值得关注。     

论应收账款质押融资的风险与防范

应收账款质押的开展具有很大的社会经济意义,但由于国内银行对应收账款质押融资中的风险控制缺乏经验,且《物权法》对应收账款质押中的许多法律问题未予以明确规定,这也束缚了应收账款质押制度发挥其融资的功能,本文结合实践中开展应收账款融资业务中可能存在的商业风险和法律风险,就控制这些风险与其防范措施提出了自己的观点。     

应收账款融资中的逆向选择:威海个案

应收账款质押融资因为绕开了抵押担保条件,通过借用他人信用资源成功对接银行信贷条件,成为各金融机构拓展中小企业融资业务的重点.但是这种借用的信用资源在不平等交易条件下仍然存在风险隐患.本文通过威海某银行在办理应收账款质押融资中,某大型企业凭借强势市场地位控制上游企业应收账款债权,使介入其中的银行信贷发生风险的过程描述,揭示不平等交易背景是信贷风险的根源,以及法律缺陷和利益分割是信贷低效的原因,并提出中小企业自身信用资源不足而借用信用资源无效可能引发银行信贷策略调整,使应收账款质押融资业务远离化解中小企业融资难问题的政策初衷.     

应收账款质押融资业务推进中急待解决的问题

应收账款质押融资法规的实施,不啻为国内担保制度的一次革命。应收账款对宏观经济、商业银行以及广大企业有哪些影响?特别是商业银行如何适应并利用担保制度的变化、开展好应收账款融资业务,是商业银行急需研究和解决的课题。本文拟就商业银行开展应收账款融资业务谈几点粗浅的认识。     

我国应收账款质押融资业务发展研究

应收账款质押融资与保理融资都是以应收账款为标的的融资产品,但质押与保理却是两种属性完全不同的融资方式.金融机构大多偏爱保理业务.这其中有应收账款质押法律制度的不完善、资本的避险本性和中小企业经营不规范等诸多因素.如何才能尽快地拓展中小企业应收账款质押融资业务是本文研究的出发点,本文试图以保理融资方式的比较分析为研究支点...     

商业银行应收账款概括质押融资业务的法律风险及应对

应收账款质押融资是各商业银行普遍开展的业务。为提高业务处理效率,一些商业银行突破法律规定,创新了应收账款概括质押融资业务,即将出质人将来一段时间内的应收账款予以质押。此种模式违反了《物权法》的基本原理,司法实践中也多不被认可。商业银行必须规范业务担保结构设计,以推动应收账款质押融资的规范、持续发展。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.