当前我国国债市场存在的主要问题及对策建议

内1981年重新恢复发行吲债至今,我国国债市场已历经了近30年的发展历程.目前,我国国债市场已初具规模,市场化程度不断提高,但与成熟市场同家相比还存在差距,在国债市场的法律基础和监管体系、一级市场、二级市场以及财政政策与货币政策在国债市场上的协调配合等方面都存在着亟待解决的问题.对此,笔者提出了加快出台<国债法>,明确国债市场的主管部门;扩大国债发行规模,提高发行频率,完善定价机制;建立统一互联的国债市场体系,提高二级市场流动性,推出相关金融衍生产品,促进国债收益率曲线的构建和完善;推进储蓄吲债的利率市场化,用国债取代央行票据作为中央银行公开市场操作的主要工具等政策建议.     

美国国债市场的运行与管理

美国的国债市场是世界上规模最大,流动性最高,最具效率的证券市场。这个市场满足了美国政府持续巨大的借款要求,为美国政府财政赤字融通资金;而且该市场也为联邦储备系统进行公开市场业务提供了场所,使它得以通过增减整个存款机构体系的储备金基数来对该体系的货币与信贷供给进行宏观管理。 美国国债市场的核心是40家左右实力雄厚信誉卓著的证券交易商和它们之间的经纪商所组成的甲级交易商系统。联储作为财政部的财务代理对每一笔国债的发行采取招标拍卖的方式。     

Pricing the Chicago Board of Trade T-Bond futures

The aim of this paper is to investigate the pricing of the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) Treasury-Bond futures. The difficulty in pricing it arises from its multiple inter-dependent embedded delivery options, which can be exercised at various times and dates during the delivery month. We consider a general Markov diffusion process model for stochastic interest rates and propose a pricing algorithm that can handle all the delivery rules embedded in the CBOT T-Bond futures. Our procedure combines dynamic programming, finite-elements approximation, and fixed-point evaluation. Numerical illustrations are provided under the one-factor Vasicek and Cox–Ingesoll–Ross models, and under the time in-homogeneous Hull–White model.     

韩资银行发力中国市场

随着中国金融业全面开放日期的来临，越来越多的韩资银行正加快进入中国的步伐，同实力强大的欧美商业银行共同抢夺中国市场。     

日韩债券市场发展对中小企业融资的意义

由于日本和韩国金融监管当局不断放松金融管制,其债券市场得以蓬勃发展.大型企业融资越来越依靠债券市场而不是银行贷款,使得银行资金在竞争压力之下被迫流向中小企业.与此相映的是,不顾金融风险任意发行垃圾债券直接促进中小企业融资的作法却并不成功.这些事实对于我国借助债券市场发展促进中小企业融资有很强的借鉴意义.     

The Effect of Market Transparency: Volatility and Liquidity in the Korean Stock Market

Faced with unprecedented competition, stock markets should have fairness and transparency. The effects of market transparency for the stock market volatility and liquidity will be investigated using the case of the Korean stock market. The evidence from this study indicates that increasing the market transparency makes the price discovery process more efficient than before from the viewpoint of stock market volatility, and increases the stock market liquidity compared with before.     

基于ARIMA模型对上证国债指数的预测研究

债券价格变化受很多不确定因素影响，而各个因素之间的相关关系又错综复杂，所以从理论上完全弄清楚债券的变化机理是件冗杂的事情，也非常困难。然而，债券是一个运动的、特殊的系统，也存在着可以被探索到的规律。本文以上证国债指数为例，选取2008年7月1日至2009年7月31日的日收盘价作为数据，利用Eviews软件对该数据建立自回归移动平均模型，对上证国债指数进行预测，并对预测效果给予评价，提出采用一步向前静态预测方法对国债价格进行短期预测的方法，可为国债发行主体和投资者进行相关决策时提供参考。     

R-Squared and Dividend Payout: Evidence from the Korean Market

The authors investigate R ² and its relationship with dividend payouts in the Korean stock market. R ² is derived from the market model regression. Their results are consistent with the previous literature on corporate governance and dividend payouts: they find that R ² is higher for business group (chaebol) firms and that there is a negative relationship between R ² and dividend payout. However, the relationship is not stronger for the business group firms than for the non-business group firms. The findings elucidate the relationship between R ² and dividend payout policy in the United States.     

Some Policy Lessons from the Opening of the Korean Insurance Market

This article examines the recent dispute between the UnitedStates and the Republic of Korea over the opening of Korea'sinsurance market to U.S. companies. The article assesses theinterests and motivations of both countries that lay behindthe formal arguments presented during the negotiation process.It also analyzes whether the long-run interests of both developingand industrial countries would be well served by the approachto the opening of the market adopted in this case—sharingthe rent while continuing to regulate the insurance market.The analysis suggests that the opening of a developing country'sinsurance market (or the wider financial services market) wouldserve the long-run interests of both developing and industrialcountries only if it were accomplished in the context of overalldomestic liberalization of the finance industry. "Opening" ofthe market, if this means only the sharing of the rents thatwere generated by regulation of the market, is unlikely to bebeneficial to developing countries.     

Momentum and Foreign Investors: Evidence from the Korean Stock Market

Abstract:

We examine whether the price impact of foreign investors on the Korean stock market from December 2000 to February 2007 generated a momentum phenomenon. In our empirical results, foreigners seem to have exerted a significantly positive impact on prices in “up” markets (periods of positive stock returns), but have had little impact on prices in “down” markets (periods of negative returns). We document that the impact of foreigners’ trades is concentrated in large companies. Most importantly, when the market is in the up state, the returns of stocks of large companies that were positively affected by foreign investors in the previous six-month period continue to increase in the subsequent six-month period. As a result, the subsequent six-month return on a past “winner” stock portfolio is significantly higher than that on a past “loser” stock portfolio. This brings to mind a momentum phenomenon that has been reported not to exist in the Korean stock market.     

Tactical Asset Allocation and Stock Issuance in the Korean Stock Market

Stock issuance predicts future stock returns in the Korean market. This creates profitable trading opportunities. Abnormal returns exist in the zero-cost portfolio that short the firms issuing large numbers of shares and longs those issuing small numbers of shares. Their average abnormal return is 12 percent per annum, which is highly significant even after controlling for market, size, value, and momentum factors as well as transaction costs. The authors suggest the possibility of fixed costs in equity market timing. Only the sizable benefit from market timing over fixed costs motivates firms to increase net equity shares.     

Market response to bank relationships: Evidence from Korean bank reform

This paper examines how the forced closure of failing banks and the transfer of their loans to surviving banks affect the market value of firms that borrow from the closed banks. Pre-existing relationships between firms and the banks that acquire their loans are detrimental to the positive valuation effects of the event. Banks may have an incentive to favor pre-existing relationships to increase the value of previously extended loans. Therefore, loan renewals to firms with prior relationships do not signal borrower quality to the market, which is aware of the banks’ conflicts of interest. This study highlights the importance of the specific mechanisms employed to replace failed banks without decreasing the value of their client firms.