中美大都市区治理的比较研究

大都市区是未来国际竞争的主要单元和战略平台。区域治理是影响大都市区整体竞争力的重要因素之一。通过对中美大都市区治理的比较研究发现:(1)美国的大都市区治理以包含了地方政府、专业团体等在内的网络化治理为主;我国的大都市区治理无论是行政区划的调整还是非正式的区域协调机制,抑或是上级政府的规划指导,都体现出政府主导的整体性治理特征;(2)中国自上而下和美国自下而上的体制差异决定了中美两国大都市区问题的缘起和问题本身不同,进而导致两国大都市区治理模式上的较大差异,但处于两极的中美两国大都市区治理模式存在逐步靠拢的趋势;(3)适当的辖区合并是解决大都市区政府碎化的可行途径。     

都市区治理的合作模式与演变

都市区是一种典型的城市功能地域,都市区内的城市经济社会要素活动范围往往会跨越原有的行政区,城市中心与周边地区、行政区之间联系密切。都市区治理则是与这种跨行政区的联系特征需求相符的多方参与、共同协调管理的方式。以国外典型都市区为例,从都市区治理中的参与者和合作关系入手,分析都市区治理的合作模式及演变特征。国外大都市区的发展和治理经验表明,大都市区往往在国家经济社会发展中占据举足轻重的地位,大都市区治理的参与方主要包括中央政府、地方政府和私人机构,但三者在合作治理结构中的力量对比关系在都市区之间并不相同,并且在不同的发展阶段,合作模式也在发生变化。     

博弈论视角下大都市区政府合作机制研究——以宁镇扬同城化为例

大都市区政府之间的合作是实现大都市区有效治理的必然要求。宁镇扬同城化是宁镇扬大都市区政府合作的重要路径探索,但是宁镇扬同城化发展轨迹背后却存在着严重的制度藩篱,其本质体现在地方政府之间的利益博弈。因此,从博弈论视角探究宁镇扬大都市区政府之间的利益冲突和合作阻力具有重要的理论和现实意义。通过建立地方政府合作博弈模型,能够促进相关构建跨区域的城市协调机制,进而实现宁镇扬大都市区区域的利益协调与合作,促进宁镇扬同城化发展。     

网络化大都市:城市空间发展新模式

本文将多中心、网络化的城市空间组织定义为网络化大都市,并阐述了网络化大都市发展模式的内涵及特征。在空间组织上,网络化大都市发展模式摒弃传统的单中心聚焦的发展模式,倡导城市空间的多中心化发展,强调构建面向区域的开放的多中心区域城市空间格局。在功能整合上,网络化大都市发展模式强调分工与合作,促进区域城市网络的形成,从根本上将实体空间上的多中心区域城市变为真正意义的网络化大都市。在区域治理上,网络化大都市发展模式强调通过对话、协调与合作实现权利平衡和利益分配,通过网络化管治实现公平与效率并重的区域治理。     

美国大都市区规划管理经验及启示

随着经济全球化与区域经济一体化发展 ,如何有效管理以促进大都市区经济的空间整合 ,日益成为国内外关注的焦点。本文分析和总结了美国大都市区规划管理的经验 ,在此基础上对我国大都市区的行政分割有效治理提出了建议。     

美国的大都市区政府治理实践

大都市区的形成和发展是城市化进程中的重要特征和主导趋势之一。美国是当代发达国家的典型代表,其大都市区政府治理实践经历了相当长的过程,在一定程度上反映了市场经济发展和城市化高级阶段可能出现的某些普遍性问题和治理趋势。美国大都市区政府治理实践的特征主要体现在治理模式选择、公共服务提供和基层社区治理等方面。基于上述因素而形成的美国大都市区政府治理的特征,是由美国政体因素、地方自治因素、经济因素和利益集团因素综合作用的结果。     

百年交响:四次纽约大都市区规划的历史演化分析

基于《进化中的城市》中的历史调查框架,对1929-2017年间编制的四次纽约大都市区规划进行分析.从技术时代变革驱动城市区域演化视角回顾了 RPA与纽约大都市区规划的发展历程,描绘了格迪斯早在1915年提出的五大区域议题在跨度百年的四次区域规划中的延续和变迁.基于此,探讨了 RPA基于"危机-应对"模式的规划探索、规划内容的变与不变以及规划的主要成效.从进化的视角总结纽约大都市区规划,希望以此对我国治理体系下的都市圈规划提供参考.     

上市公司治理评价指标体系的中外比较

本文将国外学术界影响最大和应用最广的公司治理评价指数Gov-Score与国内最权威的公司治理评价指数CCGINK进行比较,指出它们的内部治理评价指标和外部治理评价指标存在的差异,并对后股权分置时代我国公司治理评价指标体系的构建提出了相关建议。     

集中与分散:美国大都市区政府治理的实践历程分析

大都市的出现是一个国家城市化的产物,而大都市区则是城市化到了相对成熟阶段出现的一种现象.美国是当代发达国家的典型代表,其大都市区的发展已经历了100来年的历程.美国大都市区政府治理实践历程反映的是集中治理与分散治理之间的变动过程,其实质是对治理价值平衡状态的追求.     

美国大都市区的治理模式

1970年代以后,美国大都市区发展呈现出新趋势,即分散、多中心模式大都市区的增加。城市地域面积不断扩大,对大都市区的治理提出了新的挑战。对二战以来美国大都市区治理模式的理论、实践进行考察,分析其中利弊。     

财务信息质量研究——基于公司财务治理的视角

对公司财务治理命题的研究需要分别从财务信息质量和财权配置两条线索展开。财权配置是财务治理的核心,财务信息质量则是财务治理的表象和着眼点。文章以真实性或可靠性为财务信息质量衡量的标准,对财务信息生成、呈报和披露各环节的质量监控和衡量提出见解,并推荐了无干扰研究方法在财务信息衡量中的应用,即依靠现有的文本和数据进行分析,使用各种替代变量来反映财务报告信息含量的质量;同时对表内项目与表外相关项目、会计指标与经营指标之间、价值量与实物量的关系也要注意考证。     

Silence and Voice in Nigeria's Hybrid Urban Water Markets: Implications for Local Governance of Public Goods

This article highlights how the governance of the water sector affects the strategies and tactics urban residents use to gain improved access to water for household consumption in cities with limited networked infrastructure. A framework of exit, voice and loyalty (EVL) is used to characterize the actions household decision makers take in neighborhoods across metropolitan areas. In Nigeria, Lagos and Benin City are rapidly growing metropolitan regions with urban water markets competing with a state‐run utility. Scholars have documented informality and hybridity between state and non‐state actors, but there is less understanding of variables associated with citizen behavior in urban water markets across different types of households and communities. This article places Nigeria in the context of African mobilization around water provision, using interviews, observation and findings from fieldwork, household interviews and surveys undertaken between 2008 and 2015 to show how access to water is shaped by the interplay between state and non‐state sources of water. This access is filtered through differently regulated service providers and the perceived authority of each actor involved in water delivery, which can lead to what I call structural silence. Findings show the need for a grounded understanding of factors influencing voice and participation in local governance.     

城市管治与地区中心城市竞争力的提升

遵循改革开放以来制度变迁主线,以市县关系为切入点,从城市管治的角度重点探讨地区中心城市行政区域经济强化而中心城市本体实力和综合功能却相对弱化的原因,从制度创新和非制度因素创新两个方面分析并提出了提升地区中心城市竞争力的对策和措施.     

Cultural Cooperation,Institution Building and Metropolitan Governance in Decentralizing Indonesia

The institutional turn in metropolitan governance has been influenced to a considerable degree by a rational choice approach, which views metropolitan governance as essentially created by local actors to reduce the transaction costs of inter‐jurisdictional public‐service provision. Another influential theoretical route follows a historical approach, which emphasizes the role of the state structure in producing formal institutions to enable governance at the regional level. Both approaches tend to be formalistic, simplistic and deterministic in nature, thus neglecting the dynamic interactions between the actors and their more informal, intangible, yet more basic, legitimate institutions, such as culture. This article examines the dynamic role of culture in metropolitan governance building in the context of decentralizing Indonesia. The analysis focuses on ‘best‐practice’ experiences of metropolitan cooperation in greater Yogyakarta, where three neighbouring local governments known as Kartamantul have collaboratively performed cross‐border infrastructure development to deal with the consequences of extended urbanization. We draw on sociological institutionalism to argue that building this metropolitan cooperation has its roots in the capacity of the actors to use and mobilize culture as a resource for collaborative action.     

Metropolitan government and governance in western countries: a critical review

The failure of top-down imposed institutional reform for metropolitan areas in the western world has called for new conceptions of institution-building. A bottom up, governance type approach is now considered in various countries which focuses on flexible, voluntary and partnership elements of collective action through which institution is no longer considered as a ready-made object but as a process. A large part of the literature insists upon the effectiveness of this approach through the search for consensus and highlights its internal elements as conditions of success. However, this conception forgets the political and ideological dimensions of institution-building and, consequently, the likely conflicts and obstacles unresolved by governance. This article discusses the relationships between metropolitan government and governance taking a few western urban areas as examples and questions the apparent success of the ongoing metropolitan experiences.     

An evaluation of proposals for metropolitan sharing of commercial and industrial property tax base

This paper examines proposals to withdraw taxing authority over commercial and industrial property from municipalities and confer it on a metropolitan government to be taxed at a uniform rate. A theory which suggests that local tax payments by firms represent compensation for their external effects is used to show that such proposals could reduce the efficiency of land use in the metropolitan area. Empirical work indicates that the proposals would not necessarily be progressive, and in any case they are inferior in this respect to metropolitan taxation of all property.     

The interplay of governance mechanisms in complex procurement projects

Although many studies have investigated governance in inter-firm relationships, little is known about the simultaneous use of several governance mechanisms in complex procurement projects and their impact on project outcomes. In a case study about a complex procurement project in the Norwegian oil and gas industry, we investigate the interplay of contractual incentives, authority and relational governance. The project faced many problems with cost overruns and schedule delays. The study clearly illustrates the interrelationships between governance mechanisms and their effect on project outcomes. The findings suggest that relational governance (trust) is only beneficial for project outcomes when it is accompanied by contractual incentives and control systems (authority). Relational governance in itself does not guarantee an effective and beneficial interplay of all three mechanisms in a way that positive project outcomes are generated.     

长三角地区1980年代以来城市体系空间结构的状况和变化

本文从长三角地区城市人口规模结构的变动出发,定量考察从1980年代以来,特别是1990年代以来长三角城市格局及其演化,分析城市体系空间结构变动所表现出的特点,并对城市群未来演化和加强城市群治理提出若干建议。     

伦敦大都市管理体制研究评述

在明确伦敦大都市区的范围和概况的基础上,对伦敦大都市区的管理体制及其演变历程进行了较为详尽的分析与总结,认为伦敦大都市区划体制和行政组织体制的演变可划分为"雏形、分散、统一、再分散、再统一"五个阶段.随后对伦敦行政管理组织体制的特征进行分析,认为政党冲突、复杂的政府间关系、多层次的管理机构以及区域性合作组织始终贯穿于伦敦的大都市治理进程之中.上述几条主线,是深入理解伦敦大都市区管理体制和治理模式的关键.