On bivariate generalized binomial and negative binomial distributions

The present paper deals with two types of generalized general binomial (binomial or negative binomial) distributions: (i) a univariate general binomial generalized by a bivariate distribution and (ii) a bivariate general binomial generalized by two independent univariate distributions. The probabilities, moments, conditional distributions and regression functions for these distributions are obtained in terms of bipartitional polynomials. Moreover recurrence relations for the probabilities and moments, independent of the bipartitional polynomials, are given. Finally these general results are applied to the (i) Binomial-Bivariate Poisson and (ii) Bivariate Binomial-Poissons distributions.     

On Quantile‐based Asymmetric Family of Distributions: Properties and Inference

In this paper, we provide a detailed study of a general family of asymmetric densities. In the general framework, we establish expressions for important characteristics of the distributions and discuss estimation of the parameters via method‐of‐moments as well as maximum likelihood estimation. Asymptotic normality results for the estimators are provided. The results under the general framework are then applied to some specific examples of asymmetric densities. The use of the asymmetric densities is illustrated in a real‐data analysis.     

如何加强电力工程EPC总承包项目施工分包招标管理

本文针对EPC总承包项目管理的加强进行了重点讨论。对国内电力工程EPC总承包的应用及存在问题进行了深入剖析,对制约电力工程开展EPC总承包管理的因素进行了分析,并且就加强EPC总承包项目管理提出了一些有意义的建议,希望能够对相关研究和工作者起到帮助和参考的作用。     

Coalition formation in general NTU games

A general nontransferable utility (NTU) game is interpreted as a collection of pure bargaining games that can be played by individual coalitions. The threatpoints or claims points respectively, in these pure bargaining games reflect the players' opportunities outside a given coalition. We develop a solution concept for general NTU games that is consistent in the sense that the players' outside opportunities are determined by the solution to a suitably defined reduced game. For any general NTU game the solution predicts which coalitions are formed and how the payoffs are distributed among the players.     

The spatial dimensions of accessibility to general hospitals in rural Nigeria

The problem of inadequate health services in rural Nigeria is worsened by poor location decisions which have resulted in various degrees of inaccessibility to the existing health facilities. In this paper, some accessibility treasures are applied to determine the spatial variation of access to general hospitals in the rural Anambra State of Nigeria. The local government area (LGA) is used as the spatial unit of analysis and the spheres of influence of the general hospitals located in each LGA are measured using three indices of accessibility. The scores for each LGA are aggregated and classified according to the levels of accessibility using a cluster analysis technique. The emerging clusters are briefly examined and a needs assessment of all the LGAs for general hospitals is carried out. Based on this assessment. the minimum number of general hospitals required in each LGA to effect an equity of access is suggested. Possible advantages accruing from this allocation procedure are presented and their policy implications discussed.     

以设计单位为主体的工程总承包模式探讨

工程总承包是一种新的工程项目管理模式,一个工程总承包项目最终的成功与否,与工程总承包主体的选择直接相关。文章探讨了以设计单位为工程总承包主体的优势与不足,并提出了基于此模式的相关对策。     

物流中心物流信息系统发展规划的理论、方法

侧重讨论物流中心物流信息系统的宏观布置以及目标设定,对物流信息系统的总体功能进行了介绍,并提出了系统设计的步骤,总结出物流信息系统的总体框架,并对系统的安全问题进行了研究。     

The misclassification error of the maximum likelihood procedure when deciding among a finite choice of distributions

Suppose we have a sample randomly drawn from one of a given number of distributions. We wish to select the distribution based on the optimal maximum likelihood procedure. In this note, various tight estimates are derived under general conditions for the probability of making the wrong selection. The estimates are also extended to the case of many exponential families, where the general conditions fail. Some of the estimates are illustrated by means of simulation. The practical use of the estimates is discussed.     

Some unresolved issues in the location theory of the firm

This paper presents a generalized location theory of the firm in linear space. Location outcomes are examined by utilizing a general as well as a particular transport rate structure for output and inputs and using a general concave production as well as a homogeneous production function, of the firm. The effect of a change in demand on the location is also investigated.     

Conditions for invariance of the multivariate versions of grubbs’ test and bartlett’s test under a general dependency structure

Summary This paper generalizes a result by Stadje (1984) by deriving conditions for which a general dependency structure for multivariate observations, given in Pavur (1987), yields a positive definite covariance structure. This general dependency structure allows the sample covariance matrix to be distributed as a constant times a Wishart random matrix. It is then demonstrated that the maximum squared-radii test and a test for equal population covariance matrices have null distributions which remain unchanged when the new general dependency structure, rather than the usual independence structure, for the vector observations, is assumed. Moreover, under a general dependency structure for which the population covariance matrices are unequal, it is shown that the distribution of the test statistic for testing equal covariance matrices is identical to the distribution of the same test statistic when the population covariance matrices are equal and the observations are independent.     

混凝土的生态性能比较研究

目前对混凝土的研究主要集中在力学性能和热工性能等物理指标上。本文采用能值分析理论,引入能值负载率和能值投资率,定量分析泡沫混凝土和普通混凝土的生态性能。结果表明:泡沫混凝土的环境负载率和能值投资率均低于普通混凝土的环境负载率和能值投资率,这说明生产单位产量的泡沫混凝土对环境的影响小于普通混凝土。     

First-order identification in linear models

The problem considered here is the ‘first-order’ identification of linear models, i.e., the identification of the coefficients of the variables appearing in the model. A general approach is proposed and very simple results are stated in this general context. A geometric interpretation of this approach is given. Classical results in this area are shown to be special cases of these general results.     

Competitive equilibria in economies with multiple indivisible and multiple divisible commodities

In this paper we consider a general equilibrium model with a finite number of divisible and a finite number of indivisible commodities. In models with indivisibilities it is typically assumed that there is only one divisible good, which serves as money. The presence of money in the model is used to transfer the value of certain amounts of indivisible goods. For such economies with only one divisible commodity Danilov et al. showed the existence of a general equilibrium if the individual demands and supplies belong to a same class of discrete convexity. For economies with multiple divisible goods and money van der Laan et al. proved existence of a general equilibrium if the divisible goods are produced out of money using a linear production technology and no other producers are present in the model.     

Identification in statistical inference

The paper deals with the concept of identification in inferential statistics. At first a general concept of identification is defined and developed. Thereafter, the general theory is applied to univariate linear regression and simultaneous equation systems. Finally, attention is paid to models with lagged variables and some new related problems are suggested.     

Consumer surplus analysis under uncertainty: A general equilibrium perspective

This paper derives an exact form of partial equilibrium efficiency measure under uncertainty which is consistent with expected utility maximization in a general equilibrium situation with ex-post spot markets for many goods and asset markets which are in general incomplete.We consider that the good under consideration tends to be negligibly small compared to the entire set of commodity characteristics which is assumed to be a continuum, and look into the limit property of preferences over state-contingent consumption of the good and state-contingent income transfer associated to it. We show that the limit preference exhibits risk neutrality, not only that it exhibits no income effect, meaning that the two conditions are tied together. We also show that the marginal rate of substitution between extra income transfers at different states of the world converges to the ratio between the Lagrange multipliers associated to those states. When the asset markets are complete such ratios are equalized between consumers, but it is not the case in general when the asset markets are incomplete. This means that using the aggregate expected consumer surplus as the welfare measure will be in general inconsistent with individuals’ expected utility maximization in the general equilibrium environment or with ex-ante Pareto efficiency.     

Bringing History In: Policy accumulation and general policy alienation

Research mainly looked at problems public professionals have with specific policy programmes. However, policies are not developed in a vacuum. Public professionals are often confronted with (a series of) policy changes, intended to refine, replace or complement other policies. This policy accumulation results in professionals having a certain predisposition towards policies in general. To conceptualize this predisposition, we introduce the term general policy alienation. We investigate whether the earlier developed policy alienation scale can be adapted to measure general policy alienation. Our analyses show that the scale performs satisfactorily. Theoretical relevance, as well as directions for practical applications are discussed.     

Choice of functional form for hedonic price equations

The appropriate functional form for a hedonic price equation cannot in general be specified on theoretical grounds. In this paper, a statistical procedure for the choice of functional form is proposed. A highly general functional form is specified that yields all other functional forms of interest as special cases. Likelihood ratio tests are used to test the appropriateness of alternative forms. The procedure is illustrated using cross section microdata for housing. For the case considered, the functional forms most commonly used in previous studies are strongly rejected.     

A Primer on Unit Root Testing

The immense literature and diversity of unit root tests can at times be confusing even to the specialist and presents a truly daunting prospect to the uninitiated. In consequence, much empirical work still makes use of the simplest testing procedures because it is unclear from the literature and from recent reviews which tests if any are superior. This paper presents a survey of unit root theory with an emphasis on testing principles and recent developments. The general framework adopted makes it possible to consider tests of stochastic trends against trend stationarity and trend breaks of a general type. The main tests are listed, and asymptotic distributions are given in a simple form that emphasizes commonalities in the theory. Some simulation results are reported, and an extensive list of references and all annotated bibliography are provided.     

The accuracy of changes of urban land values as a measure of social benefits from public programs

This paper extends the standard model of urban land rent to consider the impact of the output of public programs on the spatial equilibrium and to analyze the accuracy of changes of urban land values as a measure of social benefits from public investment. Two consistent output indicators of public investment are advanced: the individual's welfare and total land values. The general results of the comparative analysis are that there is a lack of correspondence between both output indicators, and that changes in land values are, in general, not an accurate measure of the benefits of such programs.     

Equilibrium mean–variance reinsurance and investment strategies for a general insurance company under smooth ambiguity

This work investigates the equilibrium investment and reinsurance strategies for a general insurance company under smooth ambiguity. The general insurance company holds shares of an insurance company and a reinsurance company. The claims of the insurer follow a compound Poisson process. The insurer can divide part of the insurance risk to the reinsurer. Besides, the insurer and reinsurer both participate in the financial market and invest in cash and stock. However, the general insurance company is ambiguous about the insurance and financial risks and is an ambiguity-averse manager (AAM). The uncertainties over the insurance and financial risks are described by second-order distributions. The AAM aims to maximize the average performance of the weighted sum surplus process of the insurer and reinsurer under the mean–variance criterion and smooth ambiguity. We present the extended Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) system for the optimization problem combining the mean–variance criterion and smooth ambiguity. In the case that the second-order distributions are Gaussian, we obtain the closed-forms of the equilibrium reinsurance and investment strategies. At the end of this work, sensitivity analyses are presented to show the economic behaviors of the AAM.