浅析订立劳动合同的技巧

劳动合同关系到合同双方当事人的切身利益,它也是劳动争议处理的主要依据之一,因此,不管是用人单位还是劳动者都应当掌握一定的劳动合同知识。文章主要从实际操作的角度,介绍一些劳动合同签订的技巧。     

Incentives and the Efficiency of Public Sector-outsourcing Contracts

Abstract.  Outsourcing the provision of traditionally publicly provided services has become commonplace in most industrialized nations. Despite its prevalence, there still is no consensus in the academic literature on the magnitude (and determinants) of expected cost savings to the government, nor the sources of those savings. This article considers the arguments for (and against) outsourcing and then examines the empirical evidence pertaining to whether any observed savings occur and whether they persist over time. In addition, we examine the existing evidence for the 'redistribution hypothesis' and the 'quality-shading hypothesis', which critics have used to argue that outsourcing lowers government expenditure by lowering wages and conditions and/or lower quality services. Finally, we consider the impact of contract design on outsourcing outcomes. While the power of incentives is a strong theme in economics, recent work has suggested that high-powered incentives may be suboptimal for many public sector services, because they may crowd out intrinsic motivation, particularly in instances where agents are highly motivated. We discuss the implications of this insight for the efficiency of public sector outsourcing.     

绩效标准差异、声誉异质性与激励契约设计

文章在委托代理框架下分析了激励契约中的绩效标准选择,得出了文章的核心观点即绩效标准差异导致声誉异质性,影响了激励机制的发挥。然后文章运用绩效标准模型的结论对中国大学教师绩效衡量标准差异性进行了探讨,并且针对其中存在的问题提出了相应的政策建议。     

Public Contracts as Accountability Mechanisms: Assuring quality in public health care in England and Wales

Contracting in the public sector is designed to enhance the accountability of service providers to their funders. The idea is that quality is improved by the use of service specifications, monitoring of performance and imposition of contractual sanctions. Socio-legal and economic theories of contract indicate that it will be difficult to make and enforce contracts to achieve this. The results of a study of National Health Services contracting in England and Wales are reported. We conclude that contracts alone are not sufficient to improve accountability – collibration of various regulatory measures (including more hierarchical mechanisms such as performance targets) is required.     

国有企业财务行为的产权经济学分析

为什么国有企业的财务行为不同于标准的企业财务行为,如何使国有企业的财务行为规范化,本文试图通过产权制度分析来回答上述问题。研究发现,国有企业财务行为之所以与市场经济中企业的财务行为不同,是因为所面对的制度环境不同;认为要改变国有企业的财务行为关键是改变产权制度。     

审计价格下限：经济学的解释、后果及对策

有学者对注册会计师审计收费进行过实证研究,均证明注册会计师在收取审计费用时。会自动形成价格下限。本文从审计产权和博弈学的角度,分析了审计价格下限形成的原因,认为审计价格下限降低了审计市场的效率,建议改变审计师的聘用方式、聘用时间,充分披露审计报告。以有效遏制此现象的形成。     

The Law and Economics of Historic Preservation in St. Petersburg, Russia

St. Petersburg's architectural heritage makes it one of the most beautiful cities in Russia. However, as government subsidies continue to dwindle, the city is increasingly dependent upon private sources of financing to restore and preserve the many seriously deteriorated monuments and buildings. This article considers whether the economic and legal environment in St. Petersburg provides sufficient incentives for private investors to undertake historic rehabilitation projects. A pro forma model is used to analyze a developer's return on investment in new residential construction on the outskirts of the city versus rehabilitation of an historic residential building. The results show that the costs associated with historic preservation are significantly greater than for new construction and for a developer to make a reasonable rate of return on historic preservation the square meter price of residential space would be affordable by only a small segment of the population. Simultaneous changes to multiple legal and economic policies are recommended to encourage additional private investment in historic preservation.     

The formation of teams: a British and German comparison

The aim of this paper is to examine the introduction of teamwork in a British and in a German car plant owned by the same American corporation. It contributes to the current discussions about teamwork (Kochan et al., 1997; Delbridge and Lowe, 1996). Using the German concept of a 'constitutional factory' vs 'adversarial' framework, a cross-country comparison is made. The research includes interviews and surveys. Conclusions have been drawn on the actual Gestalt (form, shape) of teamwork with special attention given to the relationship between team members and team leaders. Teams in a more 'adversarial management appoints team leaders' model seem to see team leaders as a new form of supervison and split team members and team leaders into 'us and them'.     

赠与合同中民事法律关系理论的几点研究

赠与合同是一种特殊形态的民事法律关系,它是指赠与人将自己合法财产无偿给予受赠人,受赠人表示接受的双方一致合同。与其他有名合同作比,赠与行为的发生,往往是基于亲属关系、朋友或其他道德上的原因。因此,赠与合同在本质上与其他转移财产合同如买卖、互易合同是完全不同的。本文通过有关赠与合同主体、客体的资格界定;通过对其内容的归类,从民事法律关系角度对赠与合同进行阐述。     

从《中华人民共和国物权法(草案)》谈城乡规划及其管理观念的转变

城乡规划代表公共利益,物权法保护物权人的合法权益;城乡规划及其管理代表一种调整和规范土地及地上建筑物等不动产物权的设立、行使的公共行政权力,物权法赋予了物权人对其不动产相关物权享有直接支配、排他性干涉的权力;在城乡规划及其管理工作方面,如何平衡上述两种权力?本文从城乡规划及其管理的主要环节--编制、实施、监督检查、批后管理四方面做出了阐释.     

浅析施工企业合同风险防范

尽可能有效地防范和控制施工合同风险，是施工企业普遍面临的问题。文章对施工企业合同风险的主要形式作了分析和概括，提出了防范合同风险的措施，以期对加强工程合同管理和增强合同履行的风险意识有所借鉴。     

心理契约在高校经管类专业经济法课程教学中的应用

将心理契约方法引入高校经管类专业经济法课程教学,将会产生良好的教学效果.教师在用心理契约方浇法教学时,要树立双主体意识,善于运用情感激励法,引导学生订立适宜的学习目标心理契约,重视学生个体差异和专业差异,建立科学合理的成绩考核机制,不断完善知识结构.     

信贷合约内部机理及关键影响因素研究

以信号理论、信息不对称理论、关系型信贷理论以及债务代理成本理论等信贷合约相关理论为基础,围绕信贷合约的内生变量利率、担保和期限三者之间的相互关系以及影响信贷合约的关键外生变量,提出了若干核心理论假设;在考虑信贷合约要素利率、担保和期限内生性的情况下建立了结构方程模型,同时对结构方程模型解的识别进行了验证,并对结构方程模型进行了理论求解。     

Co-development ventures: Optimal time of entry and profit-sharing

We find the optimal time for entering a joint venture by two firms, and the optimal linear contract for sharing the profits. We consider risk-sharing, timing-incentive and asymmetric decisions contract designs. If the firms are risk-neutral and the cash payments are allowed, all three designs are equivalent. With risk aversion, the optimal contract parameters may vary significantly across the three designs and across varying levels of risk aversion. We also analyze a dataset of joint biomedical ventures, in which, in agreement with our theoretical predictions, both royalty and cash payments are mostly increasing in the smaller firm's experience, and the time of entry happens sooner for more experienced small firms.     

The Economics of Race and Discrimination

Argues that the poverty of minorities is rarely the result of discrimination. Cultural traits are far more important. State intervention to protect minorities effectively subsidises discrimination and free markets impose costs on the prejudiced.     

The Economics and Theology of Giving

What can economics add to the theology of charity? Dr Barry Bracewell-Milnes explains how charity increases total wealth and explores the relationship between his economic analysis and Christianity.     

高职院校校企合作运行机制研究

工学结合、校企合作是高职院校人才培养的根本途径,但在目前高职院校的校企合作中,还存在着深层次合作少、校企合作管理协调性差、校企合作冷热不均等问题。本文通过分析校企合作难以深入的原因,提出了构建＂四位一体五对接＂的校企合作育人机制的设想。     

浅谈保险资金投资REITs

2009年10月1日,新修订的《保险法》允许保险资金可以投资于不动产,房地产作为不动产内容之一,可以成为保险资金投资渠道之一。REITs作为房地产市场股权投资的一种方式,具有非关联性、高流动性和高回报率的特点,这与保险经营具有的强外部性、成本滞后性、资金运转周期长等特点相吻合,为保险资金投资房地产搭建了难得的操作平台。通过分析保险资金投资REITs存在风险,并给出相关建议,对我国保险资金投资REITs发展起到一定的指导作用。