Some applications for Basil's independence theorem in testing econometric models

Basu's Independence Theorem is used to show how tests of compound econometric hypotheses, involving two or more naturally ordered hypotheses, may be based upon mutually independent test statistics.     

我国银行业市场结构、效率及绩效关系研究

文章以国际上较流行的数据包络方法为测度工具,利用由CCR模型衍变而来的VRS及NIRS效率模型,对我国商业银行1997、1999、2001、2003年等4年的技术效率、规模效率、纯技术效率进行测算。根据所测得的效率数据,对有效结构假说和结构行为绩效假说进行实证检验,结果显示,效率和市场集中度与银行绩效正相关,而市场份额则与绩效负相关,该结论表明这两个假说都不适合中国银行业市场。同时,我们必须充分重视银行效率的提高。     

Investigating the Number of Non-linear and Multi-modal Relationships Between Observed Variables Measuring Growth-oriented Atmosphere

This study investigates the number of non-linear and multi-modal relationships between observed variables measuring the Growth-oriented Atmosphere. The sample (N = 726) represents employees of three vocational high schools in Finland. The first stage of analysis showed that only 22% of all dependencies between variables were purely linear. In the second stage two sub samples of the data were identified as linear and non-linear. Both bivariate correlations and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) parameter estimates were found to be higher in the linear sub sample. Results showed that some of the highest bivariate correlations in both sub samples were explained via third variable in the non-linear Bayesian dependence modeling (BDM). Finally, the results of CFA and BDM led in different substantive interpretations in two out of four research questions concerning organizational growth.     

Simultaneous Models for Contingency Tables: A Reanalysis of Heatherton et al. (1997) Data on Eating Behavior

In panel studies, where a categorical response is measured attwo points in time, we can examine two kind of hypotheses regardingthe nature of change. The first is related with change at theindividual level (gross change) through the modelling of joint distributionof responses. The second is related with aggregate change (netchange) through the modelling of marginal distributions of responses.This paper describes a general approach to the analysis of two-wavepanel data based on Lang and Agresti's work (1994) that simultaneouslypermits the modelling of marginal and joint distributions of responses.This approach is illustrated with data from Heatherton et al.(1997) about change in dieting behaviour. These data were originallyanalyzed using the ² statistic to test independenceof responses. This paper shows how it is possible toobtain a better understanding of these data using the proposedmethodological approach.     

Rules of engagement

Collaborative research between universities and pharmaceutical companies is a form of public?–?private sector partnership that raises important issues of governance and research integrity. The article analyses this from a stakeholder perspective with particular reference to clinical trial collaborations. Constraints and pressures on universities involved in collaborative projects are identified, together with implications for research integrity. A stakeholder systems model is offered as a means of identifying and reconciling disparate stakeholder perspectives, and its organizational justice dimensions enable evaluation of perceptions of fairness in system operation. The article contends incorporation of stakeholder views on system rationale, process and evaluation can enhance effectiveness, social responsibility and stakeholder commitment.     

数据分布诊断对排队模型优化影响——基于兰州市某油库排队问题数据

对甘肃省兰州市某油库真实排队数据进行分布诊断,发现用M/G／C/∞排队模型计算出来的平均队长和平均等待时间比M／M／C／∞排队模型减少了一半．应根据数据分布诊断结果科学选择排队模型。     

Ecological-Inference-Based Latent Growth Models: Modeling Changes of Alienation

Ecological-inference-based statistical methods employ aggregated (ecological) data to approximately infer individual-level structures of interests when individual-level data were not available. Under the same conceptual frames, we introduce the ecological-inference-based latent growth model (EI-LGM) to analyze cross-years latent trends of a general population when longitudinally collected data were not available. We showed both the substantive values and methodological feasibilities of EI-LGMs. Substantively, we analyze results from several Taiwan Social Change Surveys (TSCS) to show the cross-years latent trends using a subscale of alienation psychological characteristics. Not only the cross-years movements of measurement constructs of the scale were shown, the trends of latent factors were revealed as well. More importantly, these trends can be formally tested under the frameworks of EI-LGMs. Statistically, EI-LGMs were implemented under the weighted least square (WLS) approaches because of the dichotomous outcomes of the subscale. We demonstrate some of the estimation methods as well as some cautions of interpreting EI-LGMs using the estimated results.Part of this paper was presented at the Fourth Survey Research Conference held at the Academia Sinica, Taipei, August 29–August 30, 2002.     

Nonparametric estimators of the bivariate survival function under random censoring

A large number of proposals for estimating the bivariate survival function under random censoring have been made. In this paper we discuss the most prominent estimators, where prominent is meant in the sense that they are best for practical use; Dabrowska's estimator, the Prentice–Cai estimator, Pruitt's modified EM-estimator, and the reduced data NPMLE of van der Laan. We show how these estimators are computed and present their intuitive background. The asymptotic results are summarized. Furthermore, we give a summary of the practical performance of the estimators under different levels of dependence and censoring based on extensive simulation results. This leads also to a practical advise.     

论北京城市副中心建设

北京\"单中心、同心圆式\"的城市空间格局,使城市功能过度集中于中心城区,给中心城区造成了严重的交通拥堵和环境压力,限制了北京综合承栽能力的提升,影响到北京的可持续发展.东京、巴黎等都通过建设\"副中心\"解决了城市发展中的空间矛盾.北京应借鉴国际大都市发展经验,启动建设京西副中心、通州-亦庄副中心和顺义副中心,打造分散疏解中心区功能的重要空间栽体,解决北京城市发展中的空间结构矛盾.     

Social Structural Inquiries – Part 2: Statistical Methods and Process Models

A tightened linkage between theory and data would enhance cumulative sociological knowledge. Toward that end this article selectivity reviews and develops social structural theories – theories that explain data. It focuses on statistical methods and process models because both approaches advance cumulative social science, and the tension between their advocates works against disciplinary solidarity. Boudon’s structural schematics cover all of the examples, suggesting a common perspective that can lessen the friction among practitioners of these forms of quantitative analysis and refocus much of the diversity of current sociology. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Specification of Distance Functions Using Semi- and Nonparametric Methods with an Application to the Dynamic Performance of Eastern and Western European Air Carriers

In this paper we examine the productive performance of a group of three East European carriers and compare it to thirteen of their West European competitors during the period 1977–1990. We first model the multiple output/multiple input technology with a stochastic distance frontier using recently developed semiparametric efficient methods. The endogeneity of multiple outputs is addressed in part by introducing multivariate kernel estimators for the joint distribution of the multiple outputs and potentially correlated firm random effects. We augment estimates from our semiparametric stochastic distance function with nonparametric distance function methods, using linear programming techniques, as well as with extended decomposition methods, based on the Malmquist index number. Both semi- and nonparametric methods indicate significant slack in resource utilization in the East European carriers relative to their Western counterparts, and limited convergence in efficiency or technical change between them. The implications are rather stark for the long run viability of the East European carriers in our sample.     

Application Research of the Integrative Mathematics Model in Household Consumption Behavior

In this paper, two hypotheses are integrated into an independent model to explain consumer behavior. The model is empirically tested using data from China Family Cost Survey of 2001. The results indicate that China household consumption behavior is commonly explained by two hypotheses as an independent model, reverse to previously treating them as commutative exclusive hypotheses.     

A simple approach for the analysis of generalizea linear mixed models

A broad class of generalized linear mixed models, e.g. variance components models for binary data, percentages or count data, will be introduced by incorporating additional random effects into the linear predictor of a generalized linear model structure. Parameters are estimated by a combination of quasi-likelihood and iterated MINQUE (minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation), the latter being numerically equivalent to REML (restricted, or residual, maximum likelihood). First, conditional upon the additional random effects, observations on a working variable and weights are derived by quasi-likelihood, using iteratively re-weighted least squares. Second, a linear mixed model is fitted to the working variable, employing the weights for the residual error terms, by iterated MINQUE. The latter may be regarded as a least squares procedure applied to squared and product terms of error contrasts derived from the working variable. No full distributional assumptions are needed for estimation. The model may be fitted with standardly available software for weighted regression and REML.