基础设施投入对服务贸易结构影响的实证研究——来自跨国面板数据的证据

本文基于要素禀赋理论和动态比较优势理论,将基础设施投入引致的要素积累效应纳入H.Oniki和H.Uzawa(1965)的分析框架,探讨了广义基础设施投入影响服务贸易结构的理论作用机制,并在此基础上建立动态面板模型,采用系统GMM两步法对80个不同收入水平国家及其分群组在1996-2010年的数据进行了实证分析。研究发现,交通、能源和通讯等经济性基础设施变量与服务贸易结构水平呈显著正相关;社会性基础设施变量中,研发基础设施具有正向作用,医疗、教育和环保基础设施却呈负向作用,同时研发、医疗和教育基础设施变量均有显著的滞后效应;进口贸易有利于服务贸易结构优化,而FDI和服务业发展水平作用不显著。对于不同收入水平的国家,不同基础设施投入的影响作用存在差异。     

Online Purchase Intentions: An Empirical Testing of a Multiple-Theory Model

Manufacturing is a complex application domain, traditionally a realm of engineers and factory workers. As we are in the information age, the manufacturing domain has become more dependent on information through the use of computers and computer‐controlled machines. In the arena of advanced manufacturing, a number of concepts such as the “virtual corporation”; and “virtual factory”; have emerged, requiring that manufacturing be highly information‐intensive and knowledge‐based.

This article examines the role of the information infrastructure and explores the use of intelligent agents in its implementation for advanced manufacturing enterprises. The information infrastructure forms a complex hierarchy of distributed, heterogeneous information systems. Intelligent agents play various roles at different levels of the hierarchy to provide interoperability, reliability, programma‐bility, and controllability.     

电子设备多学科主模型及其建立技术

通过电子设备多学科主模型相关技术研究,归纳了电子设备多学科主模型概念及其 特点,明确了综合化电子设备多学科综合优化模型组成,提出了两种基于多学科主模型技术 的综合优化模型建立技术及其实现途径,为多学科优化设计技术研究和电子设备多学科优化 设计平台开发奠定了技术基础。     

What Drives India's Surge in Service Exports?

India's prowess in the service sector has been recognised the world over. Sustaining services exports is important not only to sustain India's high growth rate but also to compensate for a consistent deficit in merchandise trade and to maintain stability on the external sector. In this context, we analyse the factors of India's performance in services exports over the past three decades. The results reveal that endowment factors such as human capital, improvement in physical infrastructure and financial development are key drivers for India's surge in services exports along with world demand, exchange rate and manufacturing exports. While factors such as institutions, R&D expenditure, telecommunication, foreign direct investment and financial development significantly impact the export of modern services, traditional services exports are more dependent on infrastructure development, manufacturing exports, world demand and exchange rate. India's economic reforms in the financial sector, FDI, communication so far have helped the services exports, but India needs to focus on supply‐side factors to improve the competitiveness – and thereby volume – of services exports.     

Social-Centric Development of Multi-Agent Architectures

In the past few years, software applications have increased in complexity and in stakeholders' expectations principally due to new Internet-centric application areas, such as e-business, web services, ubiquitous computing, and peer-to-peer networks. Multi-agent systems (MAS) architectures have gained popularity for developing such software. Unfortunately, despite considerable work in software architecture during the past decade, few research efforts have aimed at truly defining frameworks for agent-based architectural design. Considering that MAS architecture is conceived as a society of software agents, this article overviews a social-driven design approach dedicated to build up agent-based systems. The approach is based on organizational structures and social patterns to define agent architectures notably in the context of e-business system design.     

网间进程同步与实时应用

进程同步技术最初来源于单机系统,随着计算机网络技术的发展和应用,分布于网络中的进程同步将成为应用系统软件设计的关键.针对分布式实时应用软件的需求,重点研究了SOCKET工作机制和技术特性,并通过应用实例展示了SOCKET解决网络进程同步和资源共享问题发挥的作用.     

基于5G的警务集群系统

通过分析集群通信系统沿专网与公网方向发展演进的技术趋势,结合公安调度需求研究了基于5G切片的警务集群系统体系结构,包括应用层、服务层、传输层、终端层、标准及管理体系和安全保障体系。在网络组网架构方面,通过超高可靠低时延通信(Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications,uRLLC)切片传输控制信号,增强型移动宽带(Enhanced Mobile Broadband,eMBB)切片传输业务内容,并提出集群业务软件中通信调度业务逻辑、综合业务适配和维护管理软件的模块组成,对其应用的协同算法、时延保证、安全可靠性和可扩展性等关键技术问题给出建议。基于多智能体控制模型提出多接入边缘计算(Multiple Access Edge Computing,MEC)服务器之间状态同步协调算法,为警务集群系统在5G技术体制下的进一步发展提供了基础。     

中国生产性服务业FDI影响因素实证研究

本文采用动态面板数据分析方法,利用我国20个省市2004-2010年的面板数据,分析我国生产性服务业FDI的影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)整体生产性服务业FDI与市场规模和市场增长潜力呈正向关系,但细分行业中信息传输、计算机服务和软件业,科学研究、技术服务和地质勘查业这两个行业并没有像预期的那样会促进其FDI的流入。(2)整体和细分生产性服务业FDI均明显具有追逐制造业FDI的倾向,并且与前期生产性服务业FDI具有正向关系。(3)劳动力工资水平与生产性服务业FDI流入呈正相关,这与绝大多数现有的研究尤其是关于制造业或服务业FDI影响因素的研究结论不同。(4)熟练工人、基础设施系统、政府干预和对外开放程度均与生产性服务业FDI有显著关系,是影响生产性服务业FDI的主要因素。     

A Smart Card Based Internet Micropayment Infrastructure: Technical Development and User Adoption

As online shopping services proliferate, the need for a secure and convenient payment infrastructure becomes critical. While credit card payment has become common for online purchases, a payment solution has not yet been developed that can be used to support transactions involving a monetary value in the range of a few dollars or even cents. In this study, the authors report their experience in developing a smart card based micropayment infrastructure in collaboration with a major bank. The infrastructure makes use of Mondex, a cash card standard adopted by major financial institutions worldwide. The infrastructure provides a platform to support online transfer of Mondex value over the Internet. Unlike other cash card products, Mondex is the only standard that can support card-to-card transfer without a mediating party. The transactions are immediate and anonymous. This article outlines the technical approach used in the development of the infrastructure and presents a behavioral adoption model to identify and assess factors that may affect its adoption. The findings indicate that the use of the adoption model in the early stages of product development can provide valuable insights to a development team. Theoretical contributions and practical implications specific to the Mondex Internet micropayment infrastructure are also discussed.     

Interfacing with Amazon Web Services Using Java and .NET: A Comparative Study

ABSTRACT

Web service has been touted by many as the next big thing in IT in recent years. It is a promising technology that opens up new avenues for software developers and permits businesses to explore new markets and forge new business partnerships. Amazon.com is one such business that is using Web services to improve sales of its products. This research activity involves developing a client application that consumes the Amazon Web services. The client application has been developed using the two competing environments, .NET and Java, and the experience of this activity has been thoroughly documented. The relative strengths and weaknesses of the two architectures are compared and contrasted and recommendations are provided for beginning and experienced developers wishing to get started with Web services.     

Integrating Web-based e-commerce applications with business application systems

The World Wide Web has become an environment for distributed applications of all kinds. The originally intended use of the Web as distributed system for knowledge-interchange seems to disappear, compared to the increasing number of electronic commerce Web applications. Organizations offer products and services in the Web, and use the Web as a means to integrate their (heterogeneous) business application systems. Offering Web-based products requires combining services of different application systems, which were built on the coarse-grained Web implementation model. Reusing the respective fine-grained services and application systems respectively integrating these cross-platform application systems increases quality and reduces costs of the new product. However, communication between (legacy) business application systems has to be ensured on an abstract level to realize this scenario. The Web as a global point of sale seems to be very promising but obviously suffers from its heritage – the coarse-grained implementation model. We introduce a generic integration layer that uses an object-oriented approach as well as the WebComposition Markup Language to facilitate the reuse of code and design, and show how inter-application communication can be provided by means of an additional basic integration layer. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Telematics: Decision Time for Detroit

With implications for navigation, safety, entertainment and vehicle maintenance as well as regulation and infrastructure investment in roads, telematics has the potential to transform driving more than any other innovation for decades. In the already well-established Asian telematics industry, revenue tends to come from extra charges at the time of vehicle-sale, with most subsequent services provided free. The US model has evolved differently, with much of the cost of telematics hardware and software subsidized in the initial vehicle sale price and revenue coming from services used. The decision to invest in telematics is therefore riskier in the US. This article first briefly summarizes the potential of telematics. It then analyzes the investment risks, particularly for automakers. It concludes with recommendations on how the US auto industry can minimize risk and make the most of the opportunities.     

Valuation of Discount Options in Software License Agreements

Many companies increasingly rely on licensed standard software for system software and applications. In addition to the regulation of usage conditions, software licensing agreements increasingly include services, such as software upgrades and user training, as a part of the contract or these are optional for a fee, which can be made use of by the licensee during the term of the contract at a reduced price or as a free service. This benefit entitlement is called a discount option and must be valued during the selection and designing of a contract. This paper describes the basic valuation issues as well as some weaknesses of previous approaches, and subsequently presents a model which, on the basis of the real option theory, enables an assessment of the discount options using mathematical methods. As the value of discount options can in many cases only be estimated by using analytical methods under certain conditions, a practical solution method is explained on the basis of numeric backwards induction. The procedure for applying the model and the achieved advances in knowledge are illustrated with an example.     

中国—东盟运输服务贸易一体化的现状、水平与发展前景

通过分析中国-东盟运输服务贸易的现状和一体化水平,发现中国与东盟国家运输服务贸易在硬件建设上获得了较大的进步,但软件一体化的建设较晚;中国与东盟各国的运输服务贸易增长很快,但长期处于逆差的状态;中国—东盟的运输服务贸易一体化水平较高,且中国对东盟进口的密集度大于出口的密集度,未来一体化有上升的趋势。展望未来,由于中国与东盟国家近年来物流基础设施的发展、自由贸易区的如期建立、双边货物贸易的发展、物流水平、设施和环境有所改善等因素客观上决定了中国与东盟国家未来的运输服务贸易一体化将进一步深化。     

基于SWOT模型的电子商务在农产品贸易中应用的可行性论证——以新疆农产品电子商务为例

基于SWOT模型开展的论证分析表明:开展农产品电子商务对新疆来说是一个务实、可行的选择。新疆自治区政府应大力支持农产品电子商务的发展,建立公平、安全、可靠的交易环境,对违法和失信行为给予处罚;加强网络基础设施建设,为发展农产品电子商务奠定坚实的基础;提高农产品的质量,建立质量标准体系;加强农村网络基础建设,提高电子商务普及率;完善物流建设;培育懂农产品电子商务的复合型人才及竞争优势强的企业,从而更好地促进新疆的农产品电子商务的发展。     

Digital hostages: Leveraging ransomware attacks in cyberspace

Global institutions face costly infrastructure disruption from cyberthreats such as ransomware attacks. The global threat of ransomware attacks has continued to increase over time. Although it is important to conduct a cost-benefit evaluation and to weigh the risks prior to engaging, a new emerging option of dealing with ransomware attacks should be considered. I outline an interdisciplinary approach to cybernegotiation combining features of online dispute resolution and terrorist hostage theory. In this novel cyber-based dispute system design, the Wade and seek method is the application of traditional hostage negotiation theory used to help businesses mitigate the costs of ransomware attacks.     

我国城乡基本公共服务非均等化研究

城乡基本公共服务非均等化问题是当前我国面临的严峻问题,实现城乡基本公共服务的均等化有利于维护社会公平、服务型政府的构建以及社会的和谐与稳定。当前,我国城乡在基础设施、基础教育、社会保障、医疗卫生等方面存在明显的差距,体制的不完善以及政府治理理念的错位是导致非均等化的主要原因。因此,需要通过改革和完善相关体制,转变政府治理理念等措施,推进我国城乡基本公共服务的均等化。     

供应链信息安全现状及体系框架研究

本文研究了我国供应链目前普遍存在的信息安全问题,如:企业员工的信息安全意识淡薄;信息安全管理有章不循现象普遍;缺乏统一的信息安全战略规划和防范机制;合作企业间存在逆向选择风险和各种败德行为等。针对上述问题,参考众多企业积累的经验,吸取了供应链信息安全领域的最新理论研究成果,提出了供应链信息安全体系框架。该框架由信息安全治理、信息安全管理、基础安全服务和架构、第三方信息安全服务与认证机构和供应链信息安全技术标准体系五个部分构成。在具体运用中从供应链整体业务需求出发,参照供应链信息安全体系框架,通过评估和风险分析等方法,定义供应链及其节点企业安全需求,并最终确定供应链信息安全建设的内容和方向。     

European Community Merger Policy in the Service Industries: The Second Phase

This article examines recent developments in the application of the EU Merger Regulation to services. Policy evolution regarding the jurisdictional divide between Brussels and the national authorities is highlighted as is the contrasting treatment of different types of joint ventures. Particular attention is given to the first two prohibitions of service industry transactions (in broadcasting and related telecommunications) which were among only three cases banned under the Regulation in its initial five years. These show some of the problems of ensuring competition in services where access to infrastructure plays an important role. The conditional clearance after full proceedings of the first case where a separate market for technology was defined is also considered with reference to licensing.     

What drives customers toward proximity payment services? An integrated theory of planned behavior perspective

Proximity mobile payment (PMP) services facilitate mobile payments between payer and payee who are at same location thorough a proximity technology such as QR codes, Bluetooth, and near-field communication. It has potential to drastically change consumers' payment methods in developing countries where traditional finance infrastructure is lacking. However, there are various challenges to adopting PMP in such countries. This study aims to explore users' opinions on and motivations for using PMP by proposing an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model. It also seeks to resolve inconsistencies in PMP adoption studies regarding the role of user's trust in PMP services. A survey instrument was used to collect data from PMP users in a developing country. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. This study highlights trust as a mitigator of the negative effect induced by the perceived risk of using PMP services. It also validates that the TPB, coupled with other contextual factors, explains the adoption of PMP services in developing countries.