吉林省上市公司资本结构与代理成本关系的实证研究

本文运用多元线性回归方程对吉林省A股上市公司2010-2012年的资本结构与代理成本进行了实证分析,得出以下结论:第一大股东持股比例与代理成本负相关;管理层持股比例与代理成本负相关;长期负债比率与代理成本负相关;负债比率与代理成本正相关。     

公司治理、代理成本与审计定价--基于2001-2003年我国A股上市公司的实证研究

笔者借助公司内部治理框架,运用2001-2003年我国A股上市公司面板数据,考察了代理成本对于审计定价的影响.研究结果显示,当存在其他变量时,独立董事制度、高管层持股和董事长与总经理两职设置情况对审计定价存在显著影响,这一结果表明独立董事制度、高管层持股对于公司内部治理具有积极意义;加快董事长和总经理的两职分离有助于降低代理成本,改善公司内部治理.     

股权激励能够抑制大股东掏空吗?

本文检验了股权激励对大股东掏空的抑制作用,结果发现,在控制了其他公司治理要素对大股东占款的影响之后,总经理持股或股权激励安排确实能够抑制大股东对上市公司的侵占,但是,股权激励的抑制效果不是线性增长的,即总经理持股比例与大股东侵占度不成线性关系。本文没有发现总经理持股比例超过5%时会产生堑壕效应,也没有发现所有制形式对股权激励效果有重大影响。本文的研究结果为正在进行的股权激励政策提供经验证据的支持,也丰富了股权激励的相关文献。     

代理成本对审计师选择的影响--基于中国IPO公司的研究

西方大量研究表明,代理成本对公司审计师选择行为具有显著影响,公司的代理冲突程度越高,选择大事务所进行审计的动力就越强。本文在对我国179家IPO公司研究后发现,在公司规模、财务杠杆、管理层持股比例、第一大股东持股比例这四个反映公司代理冲突的变量中,公司规模与是否选择大事务所进行审计有显著正向关系,管理层持股比例与是否选择大事务所审计则呈倒U形关系,没有发现财务杠杆、第一大股东持股比例与审计师选择存在显著关系的证据。因此,建立在英美条件下的代理理论对我国审计师选择行为的解释力并不充分。     

中国上市公司股权代理成本影响因素实证研究

本文以2005年中国上市公司中1269个有效样本为分析对象,探讨了企业盈利状况、高管持股比例、资本结构、股权集中度、股权制衡度、终极产权性质、企业的成长性等与股权代理成本之间的关系。研究发现:盈利能力、负债融资比例、第一大股东持股比例和公司的成长性与代理成本呈显著负相关,股权制衡度与代理成本呈显著正相关,管理层持股比例与代理成本呈微弱负相关,由经营性或非经营性单位控制的上市公司的代理成本不具有显著差异。     

效率工资、股权特征与代理成本

本文研究表明,第一种效率工资对代理成本下降具有显著影响,第二、三种效率工资对代理成本下降没有影响。究其原因,与经济特征效率工资、治理机制效率工资、第三种效率工资对代理成本的影响不同有关。从股权特征来看,国有股东、负债融资增加代理成本,而大股东持股比例增加则降低代理成本。从股权特征与效率工资交互作用来看,经济特征效率工资、第一种效率工资与股权特征的监管水平在一定条件下存在替代关系。此外,效率工资和股权特征对公司绩效影响与对代理成本的影响总体一致,但也存在一些差异。     

员工持股计划与企业债务融资成本

员工持股计划自2014年推出以来,已经被越来越多的上市公司采用。本文利用2012—2019年我国A股上市公司的数据,采用倾向得分匹配基础上的“渐进式”双重差分(PSM-DID)模型,检验了员工持股计划对企业债务融资成本的影响。研究结果表明,员工持股计划可以降低企业债务融资成本。异质性分析发现,员工持股计划与企业债务融资成本之间的显著负相关关系主要存在于信息风险高、代理风险高和融资困难的企业中。进一步研究表明,高持股比例和有杠杆型的员工持股计划降低企业债务融资成本的效果更好,其中管理层持股比例增加的边际效用强于普通员工持股比例。但随着参与人数的增加,员工持股计划的作用会受到“搭便车”的影响。本文从债权人的视角为我国员工持股计划的正面效果提供了一定的实证支持,也为企业设计、实施员工持股计划提供了参考依据。     

员工持股计划中高管认购比例是否影响企业投资偏好

本文以2014-2019年沪深A股上市公司的数据作为研究样本,考察员工持股计划中高管认购比例对企业投资偏好的影响。分析结果表明,当期高管在员工持股计划中认购比例的增加,将引起企业下一期短期投资强度的增加以及长期投资强度的减少;中介机制检验表明,代理成本起到了部分中介效应,高管在员工持股计划中的认购程度将加重企业代理成本进而导致企业短视化投资偏好;进一步研究发现,完善的内、外部监督治理机制以及安排较长的持股锁定期限能够抑制高管在员工持股计划中认购程度导致的投资决策短视偏好。     

险资股权投资的结构性改革研究——基于险资投资的倒U型效应分析

保险资金作为重要的机构投资者能否发挥促进公司绩效提升的作用在已有研究和监管政策制定上都存在较大争议。本文以2005-2017年A股上市公司为研究样本,发现险资持股比例对上市公司绩效以及估值影响存在显著的倒U型曲线效应,相应机制研究表明险资持股通过显著影响两类代理成本的渠道发挥治理作用。在适度持股比例以下,险资增持能够降低被投资公司管理费用率和其他应收款占比,并提高资产周转率,从而降低两类代理成本;持股超过一定比例反而造成两类代理成本上升。险资持股比例变化对保险机构调研次数的影响则从公司治理参与角度印证了以上结论。对倒U型曲线效应的深入分析既有助于深化对机构投资者影响公司绩效的多重效应和机制的认识,同时为在金融机构层面落实金融供给侧结构性改革、增强险资服务实体经济能力提供参考。     

国有机构投资者持股能提升企业投资效率吗?

具有国资背景的机构投资者,对于资本市场平稳发展具有重要意义。本文基于我国2015—2019年A股上市公司样本,考察持股对企业投资效率的影响。研究发现,持股显著提升了企业投资效率,并且该影响在代理冲突更严重和所处信息环境更不透明的公司中更加显著。机制检验表明,降低企业内外部信息不对称和代理成本是持股提升企业投资效率的重要渠道。进一步研究发现,国有机构投资者持股时间越长,对企业非效率投资的治理效果越好;细分国有机构投资者类型后发现,致力于长期维护资本市场稳定和上市公司长期健康发展的证金公司和汇金公司对企业投资效率的提升作用显著,但没有发现“救市”基金和外管局旗下的投资平台对企业投资效率有提升作用。研究结论从企业投资效率视角为国有机构投资者持股在微观企业日常经营中发挥的治理作用提供了新颖的经验证据,对进一步提高我国上市公司质量具有启示意义。     

股权结构与股权代理成本关系的实证研究——基于2011年创业板上市公司的数据研究

公司治理的基础是股权结构,核心问题就是如何降低代理成本,但是由于特殊的历史原因,我国股权分置制度存在的弊端严重影响着公司治理。根据代理理论,股权代理成本可以划分为管理层与股东之间利益冲突引起的第一类代理成本和控股股东与中小股东之间利益冲突引起的第二类代理成本。所以本文就基于股权分置改革后的视角,以2011年创业板上市公司为样本,采用理论与实证相结合的分析方法来分析股权结构与股权代理成本之间的关系,得出股权集中度可以降低第一类代理成本和第二类代理成本;股权制衡度在一定程度上可以降低第二类代理成本,但会提高第一类代理成本;负债也会有助于降低第一类代理成本;而管理层和机构投资者持股并未起到降低代理成本的作用。     

Family ownership,altruism and agency costs in Australian small- and medium-sized enterprises

Given the continuing uncertainty about whether family firms enjoy lower agency costs, this article hypothesizes that a combination of the effects of family ownership, altruism and self-control is instead at play. To begin with, family ownership can indeed reduce agency costs through better aligning the interests of owners and managers. This is a ‘determining’ effect in that it independently mitigates one source of agency problems. However, altruism combined with self-control problems arising from the highly concentrated ownership often found in family firms can also increase agency costs. This is an ‘embedding’ effect as it is rooted in the personal relationships within the family firm. Using the Business Longitudinal Database compiled by the Australian Bureau of Statistics on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), we find that for larger SMEs (those with 20–200 employees), the gains in lower agency costs arising from family ownership are almost completely offset by the losses from altruism and the lack of self-control.     

双重代理成本与债务治理机制的有效性——来自我国上市公司的证据(1998-2006)

本文在经典观点的基础上探讨了我国转型期上市公司债务治理对双重代理成本的制衡机制.通过本文的实证研究发现,债务对代理成本Ⅰ(管理者和股东之间的代理成本)的约束作用不明显,对于国有企业而言,大量的债务甚至为管理者的在职消费提供了现金流支持.债务治理机制对于代理成本Ⅱ(控股股东与小股东之间的代理成本)具有正反两面的作用.文章说明我国上市公司的债务治理绩效依赖于公司的性质及其他治理变量,需要具体细分其机制和渠道.同时,从动态演进的角度来看,我国的上市公司债务治理机制的确也在不断优化,对企业价值逐步能够起到正向作用.这对于理解我国上市公司近年来在公司治理中存在的问题具有一定的启示意义.     

Enterprise reform in China: agency problems and political control

The past reforms of state-owned enterprises in China delegated many effective control rights to managers while maintaining ultimate control rights for the Party and government. The result is that either the agency costs are high because managers lack accountability or the political costs are high because the government causes political interference. Reform of state-owned enterprises in China should aim at reducing both political and agency costs, which can be done through depoliticization, effective corporate governance, and deserialization. In particular, China needs an ownership transformation with a combination of privatization, denationalization, and pluralization; a state assets management system to limit political influence from the government; and corporatization to establish effective corporate governance which may take a variety of forms.     

Research on equity adjustment,agency costs and commercial bank performance: experimental evidence from China

This article studies the impact of options to adjust the performance of commercial banks from agency costs. In the shareholding structure of the adjustment process, considering changes in agency costs, only in agency costs no more than the commercial banks when new results, the company will have to adjust agent the cost of power stealth measure more just by reflecting the size of the incremental results. In addition, equity restructuring costs are the basis of agency governance and ownership structure has an important impact on agency costs. Through a few selected China 14 listed commercial banks’ 2007–2012 data, we show that the impact of performance of commercial banks on the proportion of the company’s largest shareholders is generally more significant; however, the impact of equity restriction on commercial banks was not as significant, as seen from the application of balanced panel data model analysis and the test results. However, the agency costs of commercial bank performance were significant also in a general state, indicating that equity adjustment activities of commercial banks’ cost perspective agency under the commercial bank performance significant changes are not large.     

Bureaucratic Decision Costs and Endogenous Agency Expertise

This article analyzes the effect of the cost that an agencymust incur to adopt a new regulation (the "enactment cost")on the agency's incentive to invest in expertise. The effectof the enactment cost on agency expertise depends on whetherthe agency would regulate if it fails to acquire additionalinformation about the regulation's effects. If an uninformedagency would regulate, increasing enactment costs increasesagency expertise; if an uninformed agency would retain the statusquo, increasing enactment costs decreases agency expertise.These results may influence the behavior of an uninformed overseer,such as a court or legislature, that can manipulate the agency'senactment costs. Such an overseer must balance its interestin influencing agency policy preferences against its interestin increasing agency expertise. The article discusses the implicationsof these results for various topics in institutional design,including judicial and executive review of agency regulations,structure-and-process theories of congressional oversight, nationalsecurity, criminal procedure, and constitutional law.     

Families and firms: Agency costs and labor market imperfections in Sialkot's surgical industry

The family firm is generally viewed as an organizational solution to agency costs in the labor market for managers and institutional underdevelopment. Consistent with this view, this paper links the preponderance of family firms in the surgical instrument industry of Sialkot to the prevailing agency and institutional problems. However, strong dependence on family management coupled with restrictions on family size constrains the firms from optimally choosing management size. The resulting labor market distortion is manifested by a significant positive correlation between the founder's family size and the firm size such that the founders who have more brothers (a larger pool of potential managers) end up with bigger firms.     

国有企业代理成本的影响因素研究

国有企业改革使得企业经营者的生产积极性得到了提升,但同时也出现了"内部人控制"问题,由此产生的代理成本侵蚀了企业的盈利能力。产权、竞争和公司治理三者都会影响国有企业的代理成本,而且它们之间还存在互动。对A股上市公司2000年~2006年面板数据的实证研究发现,与国有上市公司相比,民营上市公司的治理结构更完善,治理机制的效率更高,从而降低了民营上市公司的代理成本。除此之外,市场竞争程度加强也能够降低代理成本、提升代理效率,而且对于国有上市公司而言,竞争更加重要。     

可转换债券对改善公司治理机制的作用研究

从股东、管理层和债券人三者之间的利益冲突出发,利用委托—代理理论系统分析了可转换债券是如何调和股东和管理层以及股东和债券人之间的利益冲突,降低代理成本,进而改善公司治理机制。     

Double Moral Hazard,Monitoring, and the Nature of Contracts

generalized double-sided moral-hazard model, with risk-averse parties who mutually monitor each other (to get a reasonable idea of outcome/effort). The model considers trade-off between monitoring costs and moral hazard costs, which are endogenously determined by the extent of monitoring. Using this model, we formally prove a generalized version of Coase's conjecture – that the optimal contract minimizes the agency and risk costs. We then show how varying assumptions about the feasibility or cost of monitoring of the outcome or the worker's effort lead to different contracts being optimal. The analysis is then used to explain the nature of contracts observed in practice under many different situations. We will give an explanation as to why industrial workers typically work under wage contracts, while share contracts are common in agriculture and will explain why profit sharing is more common for senior managers than for the production workers. Received September 19, 2000; revised version received October 30, 1997