交易性金融资产 会计处理与税法差异分析

一、以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的交易性金融资产的会计处理 根据《企业会计准则第22号——金融工具的确认和计量》（CAS22金融工具确认和计量）、《企业会计准则——应用指南》22号：金融工具确认和计量、《企业会计准则第22号——金融工具确认和计量》解释及相关规定,交易性金融资产主要是指企业为了近期内出售的金融资产。例如,企业为充分利用闲置资金、以赚取差价为目的从二级市场购入的股票、债券、基金等。     

公允价值在我国金融工具会计准则中应用的探讨

我国财政部于2006年2月15日正式颁布了《企业会计准则》。本次新准则变化的一大亮点便是公允价值计量模式的广泛使用,这一变化使得相关会计要素从确认、计量到报告与以往相比产生较大的差异。本文从公允价值的涵义开始,分析了其在金融工具会计准则中的运用,同时,对公允价值计量模式在我国金融工具会计实务领域中应用的困难进行探讨和归纳,并提出保障其顺利推行的可行性建议。     

浅析公允价值在新准则中的运用及其影响——以《金融工具确认和计量》准则为例

阐述了公允价值的涵义,并以金融工具确认和计量准则为例分析了公允价值在其中的运用,进而剖析公允价值的运用对上市公司的影响。     

衍生金融工具公允价值计量相关问题研究

本文以衍生金融工具公允价值计量的相关理论为基础,分析了新准则实施以来公允价值在衍生金融工具计量中的应用现状和问题,并借鉴FASB和IASB准则制定的相关经验,提出了完善衍生金融公允价值计量的对策。     

浅析衍生金融工具对传统财务会计理论的冲击

财政部颁布的新会计准则中,金融工具会计准则因引入公允价值计量属性而受人瞩目。是否要求所有衍生金融工具按公允价值计量、衍生金融工具项目是否应在表内确认等等,这一直是衍生金融工具会计及其准则制订实践中长期存在争论的问题。本文对此进行分析和阐述。     

衍生金融工具公允价值计量相关问题研究

本文以衍生金融工具公允价值计量的相关理论为基础,分析了新准则实施以来公允价值在衍生金融工具计量中的应用现状和问题,并借鉴FASB和IASB准则制定的相关经验,提出了完善衍生金融公允价值计量的对策。     

浅析衍生金融工具对传统财务会计理论的冲击

财政部颁布的新会计准则中,金融工具会计准则因引入公允价值计量属性而受人瞩目.是否要求所有衍生金融工具按公允价值计量、衍生金融工具项目是否应在表内确认等等,这一直是衍生金融工具会计及其准则制订实践中长期存在争论的问题.本文对此进行分析和阐述.     

金融资产的计量及其对所得税的影响

我国新会计准则的一大亮点是大量采用了公允价值计量,进一步增加了财务报表信息的相关性。在新会计准则体系中,除了初始确认和计量大量采用公允价值外,某些资产的后续计量也规定或允许采用公允价值模式,这在金融资产计量中尤其明显。金融资产的后续计量采用公允价值模式,这与所得税政策不相吻合。文章主要以《企业会计准则第22号——金融工具确认与计量》和《企业会计准则第18号——所得税》为基础,阐述了以公允价值计量的金融资产的会计处理及其对所得税的影响。     

公允价值及其在会计中的影响研究

一、导论 （一）公允价值概述 1．公允价值的定义 最早明确提出公允价值定义的是美国注册会计师协会，其起因是美国证券交易委员会与金融界之间关于衍生金融工具确认、计量和报告的争论。在学术界的摸索下，公允价值被人们提了出来。国际准则制订机构金融工具联合工作组于2000年底完成的《金融工具和类似项目：准则草案和结论基础》中对公允价值定义如下：     

从东方航空航油期权合约案例看衍生金融工具公允价值计量

世界各国金融工具业务迅速发展。2007年我国新企业会计准则中也提出了用公允价值对金融工具进行计量的要求,并加大了相关会计信息披露的要求,因此,确定金融工具的公允价值就显得十分重要,这将极大地影响企业的综合收益。本文以东方航空为例,分析一个企业如何确定它所使用的衍生金融工具的公允价值,并对此进行披露,阐述了公允价值计量存在的问题与挑战,特别是在非活跃市场条件下,企业究竟应该如何在后续计量中确定金融工具的价值。     

保险会计新准则对非寿险业的影响

保险会计新准则的变化主要体现在保费收入确认和准备金计量两个方面。由于绝大多数非寿险产品都能通过重大保险风险测试,保费收入几乎没有变化,因此新准则对非寿险业的影响主要体现在准备金计量上。新准则要求非寿险公司运用"三要素法"计量准备金,这将使得非寿险公司的准备金计量方式、财务管理模式和利润情况发生重大变化,对非寿险公司产生近期与远期的深远影响。     

金融工具公允价值信息的价值相关性

本文以会计信息决策有用性的计量观为基础,通过实证方法对比分析了新企业会计准则实施前后,公允价值是否改进会计信息对公司股票市场价格的影响,以及金融工具的公允价值信息与历史成本对公司股票市场价格的影响;新准则实施后公允价值变动损益对公司的股票市场价值的影响。研究结果表明:在引入公允价值计量属性后,盈余信息和净资产账面价值对模型的整体解释能力有所提高;公允价值计量的金融工具具有显著的增量价值相关性和相对价值相关性,投资者在投资决策时已经开始考虑公允价值因素,金融工具公允价值信息具有价值相关性。     

Domestic Accounting Standards, International Accounting Standards, and the Predictability of Earnings

We investigate (1) whether the variation in accounting standards across national boundaries relative to International Accounting Standards (IAS) has an impact on the ability of financial analysts to forecast non-U.S. firms' earnings accurately, and (2) whether analyst forecast accuracy changes after firms adopt IAS. IAS are a set of financial reporting policies that typically require increased disclosure and restrict management's choices of measurement methods relative to the accounting standards of our sample firms' countries of domicile. We develop indexes of differences in countries' accounting disclosure and measurement policies relative to IAS, and document that greater differences in accounting standards relative to IAS are significantly and positively associated with the absolute value of analyst earnings forecast errors. Further, we show that analyst forecast accuracy improves after firms adopt IAS. More specifically, after controlling for changes in the market value of equity, changes in analyst following, and changes in the number of news reports, we find that the convergence in firms' accounting policies brought about by adopting IAS is positively associated with the reduction in analyst forecast errors.     

新会计准则对注册会计师执业的影响

新会计准则在旧会计准则的基础上有很大的变化和创新,这些变化和创新在一定程度上影响着审计工作中的方方面面。本文首先阐述了新会计准则对注册会计师执业的影响,然后提出注册会计师应对新会计准则变化的几点建议。     

Bank Lending Standards and Access to Lines of Credit

This paper examines how changes in bank lending standards are related to the availability of bank lines of credit for private and comparable public firms. Overall, we find that access to lines of credit is more contingent on bank lending standards for private than for public firms. The impact of bank lending standards is however asymmetric: while private firms are less likely than public firms to gain access to new lines when credit market conditions are tight, we find no difference between public and private firms in terms of their use or retention of pre‐existing lines. We also find that private firms without lines of credit use more trade credit when bank lending standards are tight, which is suggestive of a supply effect. Overall, the evidence suggests that “credit crunches” are likely to have a disproportionate impact on private firms. However, pre‐existing banking relationships appear to mitigate the impact of these contractions on private firms.     

公允价值计量对我国银行业的影响分析

在公允价值计量是大势所趋的背景下,本文从理论上分析了公允价值计量对银行业以及金融稳定性的影响与冲击,并结合我国金融工具会计准则的颁布与实施,探讨了公允价值计量对我国银行业的预期影响。本文的分析表明,公允价值计量所涉及的重要概念以及许多实际重大问题还没有得以完全解决,并且它的实施确实会对银行业乃至整个金融体系产生重大影响和冲击。     

The impact of mandatory IFRS adoption on foreign mutual fund ownership: The role of comparability

Proponents of IFRS argue that mandating a uniform set of accounting standards improves financial statement comparability that in turn attracts greater cross-border investment. We test this assertion by examining changes in foreign mutual fund investment in firms following mandatory IFRS adoption in the European Union in 2005. We measure improved comparability as a credible increase in uniformity, defined as a large increase in the number of industry peers using the same accounting standards in countries with credible implementation. Consistent with this assertion, we find that foreign mutual fund ownership increases when mandatory IFRS adoption leads to improved comparability.     

Efficiency with costly information: a reinterpretation of evidence from managed portfolios

We investigate the informational efficiency of mutual fund performancefor the period 1965-84. Results are shown to be sensitive tothe measurement of performance chosen. We find that returnson S&P stocks, returns on non-S&P stocks, and returnson bonds are significant factors in performance assessment.Once we correct for the impact of non-S&P assets on mutualfund returns, we find that mutual funds do not earn returnsthat justify their information acquisition costs. This is consistentwith results for prior periods.     

新准则环境下的特殊原始凭证及其规范化探讨

我国实施新会计准则所带来的影响是广泛而深远的,也必将影响会计基础工作。我们认为,当前的重要问题之一即为新环境下作为确认、计量基础的特殊原始凭证及其规范化。因此,本文对新会计准则下的特殊原始凭证问题进行探讨。本文在提出问题后,首先对特殊原始凭证在企业中的运用进行了探讨;以此为基础,提出了规范特殊原始凭证的设想,并探讨了实施此项工作的保证措施。     

The Political and Unstable Nature of the IASB's 'Stable Platform': Post-Convergence Australian Experience

On 31 March 2004, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) established the 'stable platform' of new and revised standards applicable from 1 January 2005. We review the major changes made by the IASB to its stable platform of standards to illustrate how politics and lobbying influence the standard-setting process. Furthermore, Australian experience since International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption is used to illustrate the impact and extent of these and other changes within the local environment. Continuous changes to IFRS undoubtedly complicate the convergence process, particularly when they are largely indicative of political considerations rather than conceptual underpinnings.