技术进步路径与企业创新绩效关系分析——基于“知识积累”门槛效应的实证检验

技术进步路径作为推动企业创新发展的重要保障,将对企业创新绩效产生重要影响。本文以2007—2019年我国33个工业行业面板数据为样本,以知识积累为门槛变量,采用动态面板门槛模型,探析自主研发、合作研发与技术引进三种技术进步路径与企业创新绩效之间复杂的动态门槛特征。研究表明:技术进步路径驱动企业创新绩效存在显著的知识积累门槛特征;较高的知识积累水平更有利于自主研发和技术引进发挥正向促进作用,而适度的知识积累水平更有利于合作研发发挥正向促进作用,即知识积累对技术进步路径驱动创新绩效存在临界规模。因此,我国工业产业需针对知识积累水平选择最优技术进步路径、转变发展动力,政府应给予必要的支持、合理引导外商投资,驱动企业创新绩效发展。     

冰雪旅游产业发展升级路径研究

为定性分析我国冰雪旅游产业的发展现状及下阶段产业升级路径,对200名特征身份的被试样本进行有关冰雪旅游产业发展政策权重的主成分分析,得出冰雪旅游产业的发展升级主要取决于政策扶植因子、文化衍生因子及技术进步因子三类因子的载荷贡献,并对主要因子进行了Spearman相关路径系数分析。基于SPSS统计结果定性建立了冰雪旅游产业的圆锥螺旋线升级模型。给出我国冰雪旅游产业的整体升级主要受制约于政府优势政策的引导、资金及其它社会资源有效支持,文化衍生及高校相关理论学科的发展也在客观上辅助促进了冰雪旅游产业内技术进步的结论。     

中国省际旅游产业效率：指标构建与实证分析

本文构建了兼顾主客观指标的省际旅游产业效率测度指标体系。测度结果显示,多数省、直辖市、自治区的旅游产业综合效率较高却非最优;规模效率在综合效率变化中起主要作用;规模收益阶段同旅游产业效率具有密切关系;动态效率经历了先抑后扬的演变趋势,技术进步是主要原因。为促使中国旅游产业效率提升和转型升级,本文提出相关建议。     

中国公务员规模适度吗？———社会发展效率下的最优规模确定

中国公务员规模大小一直是学术界争论的问题。文章以省级地方政府为研究对象,以"帕累托最优"为指导,以"企业家政府理论"和"新公共服务理论"为基础,应用DEA方法,从经济增长和社会发展视角,对2012年中国大陆31个省级地方政府公务员规模效率进行了测算;同时,应用Tobit回归模型,对效率进行修正,并利用修正效率来刻画实际公务员规模与最优规模之间的差距,进而得到理论上的中国公务员最优规模。实证结果表明,在经济增长视角下,公务员实际规模高于理论上的最优规模;在社会发展视角下,实际规模低于理论上的最优规模。     

深化开放中的锁定效应与技术依赖

本文从锁定效应的视角来分析对外开放对中国技术水平发展的影响。在一个新古典配置模型基础上,本文说明我国在开放进程中技术水平的发展具有路径依赖性,并以高技术产业1996～2006年的数据为样本,运用数据包络方法测量高技术产业技术进步、技术效率、技术变化等指标,揭示技术密集型产业中存在的技术变化锁定特征。本文通过建立计量模型,分时段对比研究深化开放时期高新技术产业锁定效应的传导机制,发现人力资本和研发资本是技术变化锁定的主要影响途径,这两类要素资源质的提高将有利于我国摆脱开放中锁定效应的影响。     

温州市电器产业技术现状与发展对策

文章在案例分析、比较与实地调研的基础上,分析了温州电器产业的构成;从技术发展路径及技术水平两个方面论述了温州电器产业的技术发展特点;在技术发展的环境分析基础上,指出了进一步发展需要解决的矛盾。最后结合电器产业总体发展趋势,对温州电器产业技术发展进行了展望和对策研究。     

土地资源配置均衡度可驱动城市创新能力提升吗？——基于57个城市面板数据的实证检验

基于中国2013—2020年57个城市面板数据,实证检验土地资源配置均衡度与城市创新能力之间的影响关系及传导路径。研究结果显示：土地资源配置均衡度可以显著提升城市创新能力;在加入控制变量进行验证后发现,外商投资规模、城市教育投入规模、城市经济发展规模对城市创新能力的提升具有促进作用。进一步采用中介效应模型检验发现,土地资源配置可经过产业结构、技术进步、财政政策三条传导路径,为提升城市创新能力提供驱动力,且传导作用依次降低。因此,可以通过优化产业用地布局、发挥地方政府财政支持作用、提升城市产业能级来增强城市创新能力。     

技术进步的就业效应与技术进步路线的选择——基于1990～2005年中国省际面板数据的分析

本文结合1990~2005年中国省际面板数据,运用DEA方法测算了各省历年的全要素生产率变化,用以度量广义技术进步,并对技术进步的就业效应以及不同技术进步路线与就业增长的关系进行实证分析。研究表明虽然技术进步有助于三次产业间就业结构的调整与优化,但实证结果显示现阶段技术进步对中国就业增长产生了不利影响;虽然这并不意味着政府促进技术进步的举措就不利于实现就业的增长,但通过促进教育和培训事业的发展、鼓励科技创新等手段,政府促进技术进步的政策取向可以在不同程度上促进就业的增长,可以抑制技术进步对就业增长的挤出作用。     

大型高技术企业的规模经济研究

本文分析了我国大型高技术企业的资本、劳动力及新产品开发的投入———产出效率,通过拟合大型高技术企业生产及新产品开发过程的Cobb———Douglas生产函数,论证出我国大型高技术企业的规模不经济问题,并从企业合理规模边界、规模扩张模式、技术进步路径、技术效率瓶颈和人力资源利用等多角度对该现象进行了解读。     

“双碳”背景下工业互联网影响因素分析及对策

工业互联网赋能产业升级，但在“双碳”目标的影响下，我国工业互联网的实施路径变得越发复杂。本文首先构建“双碳”背景下工业互联网实施的解释结构模型，通过对重要影响因素的分析，掌握工业互联网的实施路径。研究发现：人才培养和低碳数字化价值因素是“双碳”背景下影响工业互联网的基础因素；数字化平台改造并深入挖掘数字化价值是实现该路径的关键因素；工业互联网低碳金融扶持和政府低碳税收减免是破解资金难的重要手段之一；绿色制造水平、最优能效模型及评价指标、碳减排国际交流合作和数字化节能提效技术水平是实现该路径的关键指标。建议打造完备的工业互联网的体系标准和建立可靠的网络安全架构，构造工业互联网的数字化平台，全面实施工业互联网数字化改造并提升其数字化价值，强化工业互联网人才队伍支撑。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。