Assessing the asymmetric volatility linkages of energy and agricultural commodity futures during low and high volatility regimes

This study investigated the volatility linkages between energy and agricultural futures, including possible causes for these comovements, such as external macroeconomic and financial shocks during low and high volatility regimes. A combination of Markov-switching regressions and quadrivariate VAR–DCC–GARCH and VAR–BEKK–GARCH modeling revealed that external shocks have an asymmetric effect on the relationship of these assets with higher cross-correlations reported during high volatility regimes. This comovement effect outweighs the substitution effect between energy and agricultural products. Furthermore, the quadrivariate VAR–BEKK–GARCH model provides strong evidence of a bidirectional price volatility spillover between the agricultural and energy markets during periods of high volatility. Overall, the results suggest that energy futures can be effectively used for hedging in a portfolio comprising agricultural futures (and vice versa), while a combination of macroeconomic and financial index futures can serve as an effective hedging tool in investment portfolios comprising both energy and agricultural commodities.     

The international repercussions of EC agricultural policy

The importance of the EC in international agricultural markets has grown steadily since the establishment of the Community and will receive another boost following its southward enlargement. Nevertheless, agricultural policy has been inward-looking and has paid, little heed to the external effects it engenders. Prof. Schmitz shows that EC agricultural policy has tended to depress world market prices, has increased their volatility and artificially distorted the price structure in the world market.     

Volatility Spillovers and the Risk-Return Relation Between Stock and Foreign Exchange Markets in Brazil

We examine the evidence of mean and volatility spillovers between stock and foreign exchange markets in Brazil with multivariate GARCH models and nonlinear Granger causality tests. We also use a multivariate GARCH-in-mean model to assess the relationship between risk and return in these markets. The results indicate that the stock market leads the foreign exchange market in price formation and that nonlinear Granger causalities from the exchange market to the stock market do occur. Part of these nonlinear causalities are explained by volatility spillovers. We show that exchange rate volatility affects not only stock market volatility but also stock returns.     

The Fed's policy decisions and implied volatility

This study examines how the Fed's monetary policy decisions affect the implied volatility of the S&P 500 index. The results show that stock market uncertainty is significantly affected by the Fed's policy decisions. In particular, we find that implied volatility generally decreases after FOMC meetings, while the relationship between target rate surprises and market uncertainty appears positive. However, our results also suggest that the apparent positive relationship between policy surprises and implied volatility is mostly driven by the volatility‐reducing effects of negative surprises. We further document that implied volatility is affected by both scheduled and unscheduled policy actions, with the scheduled path surprises having the strongest impact on volatility. Finally, our findings indicate that the impact of monetary policy decisions on implied volatility is more pronounced during periods of expansive policy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark     

Price discovery and volatility spillovers in the DJIA index and futures markets

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is the most widely quoted stock index worldwide. This article examines the minute-by-minute price discovery process and volatility spillovers between the DJIA index and the index futures recently launched by the CBOT. The Hasbrouck (1995) cointegrating model suggests that most of the price discovery takes place at the futures market. However, by examining the volatility spillovers between the markets based on a bivariate EGARCH model, a significant bidirectional information flow is found. That is, innovations in one market can predict the future volatility in another market, but the futures market volatility-spillovers to the stock market more than vice versa. Both markets also exhibit asymmetric volatility effects, with bad news having a greater impact on volatility than good news. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 19: 911–930, 1999     

Modeling nonlinear dynamics of daily futures price changes

The purpose of this article is to characterize linear and nonlinear serial dependence in daily futures price changes. The daily prices of four futures are included in this study: (i) S&P 500; (ii) Japanese yen; (iii) Deutsche mark; and (iv) Eurodollar. Our major empirical findings are: (i) Based on the results of nonlinearity tests (that is, the BDS, the Q², and the TAR-F tests), we found all futures price changes contain nonlinearity in the series; (ii) a GARCH model can explain the source of nonlinearity for three out of four series; (iii) a threshold autoregressive model and autoregressive volatility model can adequately represent nonlinear dynamics of S&P 500 series; and (iv) deterministic chaos is not evident in the scaled residuals from the nonlinear time series models. Hence we favor a statistical time series approach to represent the data-generating mechanism of futures price changes. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 19: 325–351, 1999     

The temporal relationship between derivatives trading and spot market volatility in the U.K.: Empirical analysis and Monte Carlo evidence

This article examines empirically the dynamic relationship between spot market volatility, futures trading, and options trading in the context of a trivariate simultaneous equations model. The empirical analysis provides strong evidence that significant simultaneity, in addition to feedback, characterizes the relationship between the proxy for time-varying spot market volatility and derivative trading. Also, futures trading and options trading are found to affect spot market volatility in opposite directions in the structural model proposed. The results, corroborated by Monte Carlo evidence, suggest that the failure to account for any contemporaneous interaction between the variables under consideration, as well as the omission of any of the two derivatives trading activities examined in this study, may generate serious misspecification and ultimately produce misleading estimation results and statistical inference. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 19: 245–270, 1999     

Experience-based corporate corruption and stock market volatility: Evidence from emerging markets

This paper reassesses how “experience-based” corporate corruption affects stock market volatility in 14 emerging markets. We match the World Bank enterprise-level data on bribes with a unique cross-country macroeconomics dataset obtained from the World Bank development indicators. It is found that wider coverage of “realized” corporate corruption in the emerging markets investigated reduces the stock market volatility, attributed to decrease in uncertainty about government policy with regard to the business environment, as implied by the general equilibrium model of Pastor and Veronesi (2012). Overall, our results suggest that stock price volatility decreases as the uncertainty about government policy becomes more predictable, which is consistent with the testable hypotheses of Pastor and Veronesi (2012).     

农产品产量与收购价格的因果关系检验

近几年,中国农产品产量一直徘徊不前,通过引入市场竞争提高农产品收购价格,刺激农民务农积极性,一直被视为解决“三农”问题的有效途径之一。基于此,对农产品产量与收购价格进行实证检验极为必要,本文使用格兰杰因果方法检验八种农产品的产量与价格之间的因果关系,结果表明,产量基本不会影响收购价格,粮食、油料、干鲜果、水产品的一阶滞后收购价格与其产量有因果关系,其余农产品的收购价格与产量的因果关系不明显。     

国内外棉花市场价格的动态关系分析——基于VECM模型

本文运用协整检验、误差修正模型及脉冲响应函数等方法,分析了我国加入世贸组织后国内棉花价格与国际棉花价格之间的动态关系。结果表明,国内棉价与国际棉价具有长期均衡关系,其中国际棉价波动对国内棉价有较强的冲击,对国内市场起引导作用;而国内棉价波动对国际市场影响较小,并在此基础上提出了政策建议。     

Contemporary and long-run correlations: A covariance component model and studies on the S&P 500 cash and futures markets

In this article, a multivariate component model for conditional asset return covariance is developed as an extension to the univariate volatility component model of Engle & Lee (1999). The conditional covariance now is decomposed into a long-run (trend) component and a short-run (transitory) component. Through the decomposition, relationships like the long-run correlation and volatility copersistence can be studied solely upon examining the long-run trend of the conditional covariance. The decomposition also has important implications in studying portfolio hedging problems such as the multi-period minimum-variance hedging for long-term portfolio management. The empirical study in this article focuses on estimating the covariance component structure between the S&P 500 cash and futures markets and their contemporary and long-run correlation relationship and the volatility copersistence relationship. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 19: 877–894, 1999     

Managed futures,positive feedback trading,and futures price volatility

A major issue in recent years is the role that large, managed futures funds and pools play in futures markets. Many market participants argue that managed futures trading increases price volatility due to the size of managed futures trading and reliance on positive feedback trading systems. The purpose of this study is to provide new evidence on the impact of managed futures trading on futures price volatility. A unique data set on managed futures trading is analyzed for the period 1 December 1988 through 31 March 1989. The data set includes the daily trading volume of large commodity pools for 36 different futures markets. Regression results are unequivocal with respect to the impact of commodity pool trading on futures price volatility. For the 72 estimated regressions (two for each market), the coefficient on commodity pool trading volume is significantly different from zero in only four cases. These results constitute strong evidence that, at least for this sample period, commodity pool trading is not associated with increases in futures price volatility. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 19: 759–776, 1999     

国际原油价格、货币政策对我国农产品价格的影响机理与效应

国际市场的进一步开放,带动了世界经济一体化,我国农产品价格受到国际市场的影响越来越大,在众多影响因素中,国际原油价格以及货币政策对农产品价格的影响较大,采取通径分析法,选取我国农产品中比较有代表性的农产品进行实证研究,研究后发现,二者都会对我国农产品价格产生一定的影响,国际原油价格能够通过直接影响对农产品价格发挥效应,而货币政策主要通过间接影响对农产品价格产生效应,两者都会造成农产品价格的波动。     

国际大米市场价格波动对国内市场的传递效应——基于误差修正模型的估计

基于2006年2月—2011年3月的月度数据,对国际大米价格波动与中国国内大米价格波动的长期均衡关系进行检验,分析国内大米价格波动的主要影响因素及其程度,考察国内外大米市场价格波动的时滞效应与调整效应,并从外贸途径和期货途径测度国外大米价格波动对国内大米价格波动的传导效应,基本结论是:国际大米价格波动与国内大米价格波动存在长期稳定的均衡关系,长期内国内大米价格波动主要由通货膨胀带动,且价格传递具有明显的时滞效应和调节效应。脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法实证结果表明,国际大米价格通过外贸渠道和期货渠道对国内大米价格产生影响,其中期货途径对国内大米价格波动的传导效应更显著。     

How do trade and financial integration affect the relationship between growth and volatility?

The influential work of Ramey and Ramey [Ramey, G., Ramey, V.A., 1995. Cross-country evidence on the link between volatility and growth. American Economic Review 85, 1138-1151 (December).] highlighted an empirical relationship that has now come to be regarded as conventional wisdom—that output volatility and growth are negatively correlated. We reexamine this relationship in the context of globalization—a term typically used to describe the phenomenon of growing international trade and financial integration that has intensified since the mid-1980s. Using a comprehensive new data set, we document that, while the basic negative association between growth and volatility has been preserved during the 1990s, both trade and financial integration significantly weaken this negative relationship. Specifically, we find that, in a regression of growth on volatility and other controls, the estimated coefficient on the interaction between volatility and trade integration is significantly positive. We find a similar, although less robust, result for the interaction of financial integration with volatility.     

Exchange Rate Volatility and Exports: New Empirical Evidence from the Emerging East Asian Economies

This paper examines the impact of bilateral real exchange rate volatility on real exports of five emerging East Asian countries among themselves as well as to 13 industrialised countries. We recognise the specificity of the exports between the emerging East Asian and industrialised countries and employ a generalised gravity model. In the empirical analysis we use a panel comprising 25 years of quarterly data and perform unit‐root and cointegration tests to verify the long‐run relationship among the variables. The results provide strong evidence that exchange rate volatility has a negative impact on the exports of emerging East Asian countries. In addition, the results suggest that the pattern of bilateral exports is influenced by third‐country variables. An increase in the price competitiveness of other emerging East Asian countries has a negative impact on a country’s exports to a destination market, but the magnitude of the impact is relatively small. These results are robust across different estimation techniques and do not depend on the variable chosen to proxy exchange rate uncertainty. The results of the GMM‐IV estimation also confirm the negative impact of exchange rate volatility on exports and suggest that this negative relationship is not driven by simultaneous causality bias.     

Intertemporal volatility and price interactions between Australian and Japanese spot and futures stock index markets

Previous studies have examined causality within and between different spot and futures markets with a motivation to discover market comovements, price leadership effects, and, more recently, volatility spillovers across markets. However, the empirical framework within which this is accomplished tends not to analyze explicitly foreign spillover effects upon a spot–futures relationship, which may significantly alter the equilibrium between these markets. This will then have a direct impact upon the estimation of dynamic risk adjustments that occur from the interaction between these markets. This article develops a quadvariate simultaneous-equation EC-ARCH model with an emphasis on volatility spillovers as a better alternative methodology to evaluate these relationships from a different perspective. This model is applied to examine the interaction between the Australian and Japanese spot and futures stock index markets, which allows for an Australian or Japanese futures trader to analyze the impact of foreign cash and futures markets, as well as the local cash market, on the local futures market in a single coherent framework. This type of analysis is not possible using previous paradigms, because they allow the trader only to examine the impact of local cash and foreign futures markets in separate settings. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 19: 523–540, 1999     

Commodity prices and exchange rate volatility: Lessons from South Africa's capital account liberalization

We examine the relationship between the South African Rand and the gold price volatility using monthly data for the period 1979–2010. Our main finding is that prior to capital account liberalization the causality runs from the South African Rand to the gold price volatility but the causality runs the other way around for the post-liberalization period. This finding suggests that gold price volatility plays a key role in explaining both the excessive exchange rate volatility and current disproportionate share of speculative (short-run) inflows that South Africa has been coping with since the opening up of its capital account.     

农产品物流主体合作边界及效应探讨

行为绩效在很大程度上取决于不同主体的博弈关系。文章从农产品物流主体的行为偏好与合作倾向出发,对农产品物流需求主体之间、供给主体之间、供需双方之间合作与不合作情况下的收益进行比较分析。研究发现,合作成本影响合作倾向及合作的经济效应,且需求主体之间的合作能够使物流量价齐升,活跃农产品市场;供给主体之间的合作能够减小规模、提高价格,有利于农产品物流资源向优势企业集中;在供需双方之间的合作中,规模和价格呈反向关系,为最大程度地发挥农产品物流的作用提供了参考。为提高农产品物流主体的合作倾向,增加合作收益,应充分重视合作成本的降低。这就要求在政策导向、行业规制、主体融合上有所创新,通过产业联盟和供需联盟等,构建分工协作、相互信任、相互促进的合作形式,为活跃农产品市场、提高物流效率、增强物流主体积极性提供良好的平台,不断提高农业比较效益与核心竞争力。     

国际大宗商品期货价格与中国农产品批发市场价格关系研究

本文通过Johansen协整和Granger因果关系检验,分析了2005年1月至2011年9月国际大宗商品期货价格指数(CRB)与批发价格指数(AWPI)之间的关系,结果表明:CRB对AWPI具有直接或通过CPI的间接传导作用,滞后期越长,表现越显著,并存在长期均衡关系;VEC模型结果表明短期对CRB与AWPI之间长期均衡偏离可以加以修正。此外,研究发现CRB对批发价格具有预警作用,并从中得出政策性启示。