共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Bimal Kishore Sahoo Bhaskar Jyoti Neog 《International Review of Applied Economics》2017,31(4):437-467
Labour informality is one of the most serious challenges facing a developing economy like India with large-scale poverty and decent work deficits. This study has inspected possible heterogeneity within informal employment among the non-cultivator workers. Multinomial Logit was applied to find out the determinants of participation in different components of informal employment. Significant heterogeneity within the informal employment on poverty, age, gender, socio-religious communities, educational attainment and industrial classification was observed. There is coexistence of voluntary and involuntary informal employment. Given the diversity of employment, one-size-fits-all policy design may adversely affect sustainable and inclusive growth in India. 相似文献
2.
本文通过三种产品的非线性模型再现杨小凯的城市化及二元经济理论,并讨论杨小凯在三种产品线性模型中省略了的不完全分工结构及存在户籍限制下的城乡人均真实收入差异问题。在实行二元经济转型的城乡统筹发展战略中,应该牢牢抓住提高分工水平这一经济发展的根本途径;城镇对提高全社会分工水平和人均真实收入具有重要意义,各地应根据不同情况选择合适的城市发展模式,加快城镇的发展;取消限制农村劳动力向城镇转移的户籍制度,消除对农民的歧视政策,降低农民进城的交易成本,为以非农收入为主的农民进入城镇创造便利条件;把农村基础设施建设摆在促进城乡交易效率改进、提高社会分工水平进而实现二元经济转型的战略地位,加快其发展进程。 相似文献
3.
未来十年我国普通高校毕业生就业状况与对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前,我国普通高等院校中本科生、硕士生、博士生的就业形势不容乐观且存在就业结构不均衡现象。本文对未来十年各层次毕业生的就业状况进行预测。政府、高校、毕业生自身应积极采取对策应对就业难。 相似文献
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Jukka Pirttilä 《Economics of Transition》2001,9(1):29-52
This paper provides an empirical examination of the relationship between fiscal balance and structural reforms using panel data from 25 transition economies. The results indicate that privatization and restructuring, via unemployment, affect the fiscal balance negatively. This finding provides support for ideas in theoretical transition economics that maintain that fiscal pressures are most severe in fast-reforming countries. In contrast, price liberalization has a robust positive impact on fiscal performance. In addition, the results differ somewhat over different countries and transition time. 相似文献
6.
Sophia Delipalla 《Bulletin of economic research》2009,61(3):283-294
Commodity tax structure affects the firm's choice between formality and informality. An increase in the specific tax rate, relative to an equivalent increase in ad valorem taxation, makes informality attractive to more firms. Formality becomes attractive at lower levels of profits under ad valorem taxation. For both the maximization of welfare subject to a revenue constraint and the unconstrained maximization of revenue, the optimal rate of specific taxation is zero. 相似文献
7.
Functions of innovation systems as a framework to understand sustainable technological change: Empirical evidence for earlier claims 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marko P. Hekkert Author Vitae Simona O. Negro Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2009,76(4):584-594
Understanding the emergence of innovation systems is recently put central in research analysing the process of technological change. Especially the key activities that are important for the build up of an innovation system receive much attention. These are labelled ‘functions of innovation systems’. This paper builds on five empirical studies, related to renewable energy technologies, to test whether the functions of innovation systems framework is a valid framework to analyse processes of technological change. We test the claim that a specific set of functions is suitable. We also test the claim made in previous publications that the interactions between system functions accelerate innovation system emergence and growth. Both claims are confirmed. 相似文献
8.
George R. G. Clarke 《Review of Development Economics》2019,23(4):1604-1623
If corrupt bureaucrats target registered firms, then corruption may discourage registration. Using data from a survey of 4,801 micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Zambia, this paper looks at whether corruption is a more or less serious problem for registered MSEs. Consistent with earlier studies, the results suggest registered MSEs are more concerned about corruption than unregistered firms are. The paper also proposes two reasons why corruption might affect registered MSEs differently than it affects unregistered firms. We first suggest that registered firms might meet with government officials more often than unregistered firms, giving corrupt officials more opportunities to demand bribes from them, but we also suggest that registered firms might be less vulnerable when officials demand bribes because they are more able to complain about bribe demands. This could offset registered firms' disadvantage because of more frequent meetings. The evidence supports the first, but not the second, hypothesis. Registered firms were more likely to meet with government officials but were not consistently less likely to pay bribes when they did meet with them. 相似文献
9.
Jonathan R. W. Temple 《Bulletin of economic research》2005,57(2):145-169
Who benefits from economic growth? This paper analyses the distributional impact of different types of growth within a two‐sector model. The paper first presents necessary and sufficient conditions for unambiguous changes in wage inequality in a dual economy, based on analysis of the entire Lorenz curve. These conditions are then applied to the Harris–Todaro model with an urban non‐agricultural sector and rural agriculture. It is shown that capital accumulation or technical progress in agriculture can shift the Lorenz curve inwards and reduce wage inequality, while the effects of development in non‐agriculture are typically ambiguous. 相似文献
10.
Using South Africa as an example, this article explores how the structure of production affects export diversification and economic growth. We show that the lagging process of structural transformation is part of the explanation for stagnant exports per capita in South Africa over the past 40 years. This slow structural transformation is shown to be a consequence in part of the peripheral nature of South Africa's productive capabilities: the country is specialized in sectors intensive in highly specific factors of production that cannot be easily redeployed to other activities. Using this methodology, we examine the sectoral priorities of the South African Department of Trade and Industry and explore the policy implications of the country's orientation in the product space. 相似文献
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《Journal of Economic Policy Reform》2013,16(4):229-245
This article analyzes the evolution of informal employment in Peru from 1986 to 2001. Contrary to what one would expect, the informality rates increased steadily during the 1990s despite the introduction of flexible contracting mechanisms, a healthy macroeconomic recovery, and tighter tax codes and regulation. We explore different factors that may explain this upward trend including the role of labor legislation and labor allocation between/within sectors of economic activity. Finally, we illustrate the negative correlation between productivity and informality by evaluating the impacts of the Youth Training PROJOVEN Program that offers vocational training to disadvantaged young individuals. We find significant training impacts on the probability of formal employment for both males and females. 相似文献
13.
Labour market conditions improved during the 2000s in Latin America, a process that included a reduction in the magnitude of informal employment. A decline of wage inequality was another feature of this period. Both dynamics were particularly intense in Argentina. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role played by the process of formalization of the labour market that occurred in Argentina during that period on the reduction of income inequality, while additionally taking into account other factors that might have also contributed to such dynamics of income inequality. The method employed is a decomposition proposed by Firpo, Fortin and Lemieux, which allows extending the Oaxaca-Blinder approach to decompose some distributive statistics of income between a ‘composition effect’ and a ‘returns effect’. The study concludes that the process of increasing labour market formalization had an equalizing effect over the period, a finding that had not been emphasized in previous studies. 相似文献
14.
聂正彦 《经济理论与经济管理》2012,31(5):72-79
本文建立世代交叠模型,分析金融转型对技术创新和经济发展方式转变的影响。分析表明,在经济发展的早期阶段,选择以投资扩张和技术转移为基础的发展战略是后发国家促进技术进步的最优选择;当距离世界技术前沿越来越近时,技术进步的主要方式将会转向技术创新。在转变过程中,后发国家的金融发展水平具有门槛效应。后发国家在前一阶段赖以进行投资扩张的金融体制,加上追赶型发展战略下地方政府的增长最大化冲动,可能会延迟后发国家向以技术创新为基础的发展方式转变。 相似文献
15.
Antoine Bonleu Bruno Decreuse Tanguy van Ypersele 《Journal of Public Economic Theory》2019,21(6):1017-1036
Young Europeans experience high unemployment rates, job instability, and late emancipation. Meanwhile, they do not support reforms weakening protection on long‐term contracts. In this paper, we suggest a possible rationale for such reform distaste. When the rental market is strongly regulated, landlords screen applicants with regard to their ability to pay the rent. Protecting regular jobs offers a second‐best technology to sort workers, thereby increasing the rental market size. We provide a model where nonemployed workers demand protected jobs despite unemployment and the share of short‐term jobs increases, whereas the individual risk of dismissal is unaffected. Our theory can be extended to alternative risks and markets involving correlated risks and commitment under imperfect information. 相似文献
16.
The Newly Liberalizing Countries (NLCs) in Eastern Europe have to undergo a fundamental structural change. In this paper the Chenery Hypothesis (CH) is employed to make a quantitative assessment of this change. The CH, roughly speaking, relates an economy's sectoral structure to its stage of development, its size, and its endowment with natural resources. The paper tests this hypothesis for a sample of 31 developed and developing economies and finds it still valid. Then it uses the results obtained to measure distortions in the NLCs' existing economic structure and to give a projection of future structural change. The calculations make it evident that the industrial sector in the NLCs will experience a marked downsizing whilst the service sector turns out to be too small. But sectoral patterns are not too uniform for all groups of countries. Thus, all projections depend highly on the reference group used to evaluate a ‘master pattern’. 相似文献
17.
发展经济学结构转型分析方法的演进与评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
结构主义发展经济学家在探讨发展中国家的结构转型问题时,所使用的结构分析方法,被认为是持这一思路的发展经济学家对发展经济学做出的最重要的贡献之一。在结构分析方法的演进过程中,传统的统计方法和投入—产出法,由于存在无法刻画产业间关联或因假设产业间关联呈刚性等缺陷,而逐渐被可计算一般均衡模型所取代。鉴于可计算一般均衡模型拥有更加适合于分析那些实行市场导向改革的发展中国家等优势,因而该模型具有更为广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
18.
Anna Klimina 《Journal of economic issues》2020,54(2):385-391
Abstract:This article is a response to two crucial ideas about progressive institutional change: the first is J. Fagg Foster’s principle of “minimal social dislocation,” which asserts that socio-economic changes should be implemented gradually, to avoid unraveling the social fabric of the community; the second is Karl Polanyi’s principles of redistribution of rights and powers by relevant authorities and reciprocity, a symmetrical and highly personalized exchange system, which is likewise a protective mechanism that society employs against anonymity and disintegration brought about by unregulated market. Using lessons learned in the thirty-year transition to market in post-Soviet countries, this article argues that to commence progressive institutional change in the honesty- and transparency-resistant cultures of former Soviet states, impersonal exchange and impartial rule of law must be given far greater weight than personalization of contacts and continuation of cultural traditions. 相似文献
19.
本文构建一个三部门理论模型,分析中国特有的双重转型、经济增长以及结构失衡三者之间关系,并得到以下结论:中国经济之所以顺利转型,在于将渐进性转型和二元结构转型相结合,在国有经济存量保持不变条件下,通过发展民营经济吸纳从农村转移出来的剩余劳动力;在此同时,国有经济并未被非国有经济所完全取代,而是在社会主义市场经济体系下实现共存;在特有的双重转型过程中,无论是资本要素还是劳动力要素市场,都存在严重的资源错配,导致中国经济近年来出现多重结构失衡现象。 相似文献
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在我国可持续发展的战略背景下,资源型城市经历了由资源型部门向非资源型部门、由国有部门向非国有部门的双重结构转型过程。以全国24个省份的110个资源型城市作为样本,实证分析了双重结构转型与我国资源型城市经济发展的关系,得出长期过程中国有部门和资源型部门占比呈现先上升后下降的倒“U”型趋势的结论,并分析了金融抑制和市场垄断程度这两种外部约束因素对双重转型过程的影响。研究发现,金融抑制主要通过间接效应扭曲了资源配置,进而影响了体制转型的过程,减缓了国有经济占比下降的速度;而资源型城市的市场垄断性越强,其发展转型就越难以进行。根据以上结论为我国资源型城市的结构转型和可持续发展提出了政策建议。 相似文献