中国行业层面研究与试验发展资本存量核算

研究目标：测算中国八大行业门类研究与试验发展（Research and Development,R&D）资本存量。研究方法：基于SNA2008的GDP核算框架,厘清R&D支出的资本化核算框架;再利用美国BEA方法测算R&D资本存量。研究发现：1990~2015年,中国R&D资本存量不到美国R&D资本存量的1/4;然而,自1994年后,中国R&D资本存量年均增长率达24.79%,而美国仅为4.86%,中美两国R&D资本存量差距呈逐渐缩小趋势;制造业R&D资本存量占全国R&D资本存量的比例呈上升趋势,从1990年的17.41%增长到2015年的68.08%,这与中国加快制造业转型升级的事实相符。研究创新：给出完整的R&D支出资本化核算过程,首次测算中国八大行业门类的R&D资本存量。研究价值：为分析技术进步对经济增长的影响提供了行业层面R&D投资和资本存量数据序列。     

The impact of individual and institutional investor sentiment on the market price of risk

We examine the effect of individual and institutional investor sentiment on the market price of risk derived from DJIA and S&P500 index returns. Consistent with behavioral asset pricing models, we find significant positive response of rational sentiment suggesting greater incentive for rational investors to engage in arbitrage when the compensation for taking risk is greater. Further, an increase in irrational optimism leads to a significant downward movement, but an increase in rational sentiment does not lead to a significant change market price of risk. These results are robust for both market indexes, DJIA and S&P500 and for both individual and institutional investor sentiment.     

Do U.S. macroeconomic surprises influence equity returns? An exploratory analysis of developed economies

Given the dominant role the U.S. economy plays in global trade, we explore how U.S. macroeconomic surprises affect stock markets in ten major developed economies as well as in China and India. We do not find strong enough evidence to conclude that U.S. macro shocks materially and consistently influence equity returns and volatilities in the economies studied. Consistent with previous research, it appears that only in few markets are return levels materially influenced by macro surprises generated in the U.S. Also, only a small number of macro shocks seem to be of any consistent significance. For returns levels, inflation, productivity, consumer confidence, and retail sales seem to matter. At the same time, conditional volatilities appear to be influenced by inflation, retail sales, durable goods, industrial production, consumer confidence, gross domestic product, and trade balance surprises. Finally, our exploratory analysis indicates that the degree of bilateral trade connectedness may partially explain the extent to which macroeconomic surprises are transmitted across countries.     

On Modelling Speculative Prices: The Empirical Literature

Traditionally, financial theory and in particular asset pricing models have assumed (implicitly or explicitly) a certain probabilistic structure for speculative prices. The probabilistic structure is usually defined in terms of specific statistical models and relates to the dependence, heterogeneity and the distribution of such prices. The primary objective of this paper is to trace the development of various statistical models proposed since Bachelier (1900), in an attempt to assess how well these models capture the empirical regularities exhibited by data on speculative prices.     

财税政策对企业自主创新的支持效应研究——基于经济区域的视角

基于经济区域视角,本文运用中国创业板和中小板上市公司2011—2015年的面板数据,实证检验以研发相关的政府补贴和所得税优惠为主的财税政策对企业研发强度的作用效果,并验证区域创新能力对财税政策与研发强度关系的调节作用。研究发现：（1）相比东部地区,中西部地区的政府补贴对研发强度促进效果更加显著;相比长三角和珠三角地区,京津冀地区的政府补贴对研发强度促进效果更加显著。（2）相比中西部地区,东部地区的税收优惠对研发强度促进效果更加显著;相比京津冀和长三角地区,珠三角地区的税收优惠对研发强度促进效果更加显著。（3）区域创新能力对政府补贴与企业研发强度的关系有反向调节作用,而对税收优惠与企业研发强度的关系的调节作用不明显。与以往从宏观角度研究区域创新能力不同,本文从会计的视角研究了区域创新能力对财税政策与企业研发强度关系的影响,是一个有益的尝试。     

The relationship between information technology capability,inventory efficiency,and shareholder wealth: A firm-level empirical analysis

Inventories represent an important strategic resource for firms, with implications for shareholder wealth. As such, firms expend considerable effort in managing their inventories efficiently. Among other factors, information technology (IT) capability can play an important role in enabling inventory efficiency and financial performance. However, insight into the chain-of-effects linking IT capability, inventory efficiency, and stock market returns and risk remains limited. In this paper, we provide a conceptual model outlining the relationships between these constructs. Next, we evaluate the model using secondary information on firms from multiple industries across the 10-year time period of 2000–2009. Our analysis confirms that firms’ IT capability plays a significant role in enhancing their inventory efficiency, which, in turn, is observed to increase stock market returns. Our results also reveal that firms’ IT capability directly reduces their stock market risk and enhances their stock market returns. Taken together, these findings, along with the conceptual model that we advance, have important research and managerial implications.     

董事会断裂带与研发持续性——基于研发支出粘性的实证研究

研发投资是企业的重大决策之一,董事会结构对研发决策过程和结果有重要影响。以2007—2019年A股上市公司为样本,采用研发支出粘性刻画研发持续性,从董事会断裂带这一结构特征探索影响企业研发持续性的组织因素。研究发现,董事会断裂带的存在降低了企业研发投入的持续性,即提高董事会团队的同质性有助于提升研发投入持续性。机制检验表明,董事会断裂带通过影响董事会的监督效能、目标决策导向与风险偏好三条路径影响研发持续性。异质性分析发现,董事会断裂带的深层特征会加剧其对研发持续性的抑制作用,而企业购买董事高管责任险能够缓解董事会断裂带对研发持续性的负向影响。区分研发支出变动类型后发现,董事会断裂带主要抑制“升多-降少”型研发支出粘性。研究结论为董事会结构的决策效应研究提供了新的证据,拓展了研发支出粘性影响因素的相关研究,也为我国企业加强董事会建设以提升研发连续性提供了理论指导与政策启示。     

创业板上市公司经济绩效及影响因素

研究目标：探讨创业板上市公司经济绩效的影响因素。研究方法：基于2012~2014年创业板上市公司的面板数据,运用贝叶斯模型平均法进行实证分析。研究发现：当期及滞后一期R&D强度对经济绩效存在显著负向影响,而R&D交互作用对经济绩效具有显著正向影响;经营现金流状况、总资产周转率对经济绩效具有显著正向影响;当期广告强度只对权益报酬率具有较显著正向影响。研究创新：第一,选择商品经营、资产经营与资本经营等三个方面的经济绩效指标,分别从R&D创新、广告营销、营运管理等方面探讨经济绩效的影响因素,拓展了研究视角;第二,运用贝叶斯模型平均法研究经济绩效的影响因素,估计结果更加稳健可信,具有方法的新颖性和有效性。研究价值：本文结论对改善创业板公司的创新和经营策略具有较强的现实意义。     

Does faith move stock markets? Evidence from Saudi Arabia

This paper investigates the effects of religious beliefs on stock prices. Our findings support the viewpoint that the religious tenets have important bearing on portfolio choices of investors. It is found that Shariah-compliant stocks have higher return and volatility than their non-Shariah compliant counterparts.     

IS FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR PRIVATE R&D ALWAYS JUSTIFIED? A DISCUSSION BASED ON THE LITERATURE ON GROWTH

Many economists have long held that market failures create a gap between social and private returns to research and development (R&D), thereby limiting private incentives to invest in R&D. However, this common belief that firms significantly underinvest in R&D is increasingly being challenged, leading the rationale behind public support for private R&D to be questioned. In this paper, we attempt to clarify the perspectives of two sources: the theoretical literature on endogenous growth, and its recent developments in integrating a geographical dimension, and the empirical literature that measures the social returns to R&D in relation to the private returns. Ultimately, we are able to clearly distinguish among different types of market failures and compare their relative impact on the gap between the private and social returns to R&D. Two main conclusions are reached. First, systematic firm underinvestment in R&D is not demonstrated. Second, even though instances of underinvestment do occur, they are mainly explained by surplus appropriability problems rather than by knowledge externalities. This suggests the need for a new policy mix that employs more demand‐oriented instruments and is more concentrated on identifying efficient allocations among activities rather than merely increasing global private R&D investment.