湖北省农业保险发展思考

鉴于湖北省自然灾害频发、农业保险业务日渐萎缩,本文基于华中农业大学农业保险研究课题组2006年9～10月所做的400份湖北农户调查问卷及相关统计数据,深入分析该省农业保险现状及所存在的问题,并提出适当对策促进湖北农业保险的发展,以充分发挥农业保险在分散农业风险、补偿农业损失、稳定农民收入等方面的重要作用。     

农业产业化对农民收入和农户行为的影响--以山东省龙口市为例

农业产业化是当今中国农业发展的热点，但产业化经营究竟能在多大程度上促进“三农”问题的根本转变，目前仍很少有人进行定量研究。文章以农业产业化起步较早的山东省龙口市为案例，通过生产调查和统计资料分析，对该问题做了初步研究。结果表明：尽管龙口市的乡村工业发展迅速且占据了农村经济的绝大部分，但与农民人均纯收入增长关系最为紧密的仍然是农业产业，其次才是农村第二、第三产业，这一结果应归功于农业产业化的发展。农户在家庭劳动力分配时，年老人趋向于从事农业生产，年轻人趋向于从事非农生产，许多农户将自家的劳动力投入到非农产业，同时又雇佣外地劳力从事自家的农业生产。     

中国经济适用房政策运行的特征分析

近十年来,经济适用房在保障中低收入家庭基本住房需求的同时,也暴露出了严重的缺陷。文章利用省级人口普查资料和相关统计数据,对中国各省经济适用房住户特征和房价变动情况及其原因进行了描述和解释性的研究。结论显示,经济适用房房价变动存在显著的外溢性,城市居民经济适用房购买力下降的事实并不存在明显的地域差异。在经济适用房房价持续攀升的背景下,部分省市经济适用房住户特征变化明显。     

河南省农村公共物品投资的收入效应研究

通过运用面板数据模型对河南省农村公共物品部门固定资产投资对农民收入的影响进行分析,主要结论表明,河南省农村公共物品投资对农民收入的增长起到了积极的推动作用.当前,河南省农村公共物品供给匮乏且结构不合理,河南省农村人均收入和人均累计公共物品投资的地区差距在逐渐拉大.针对这些问题,我们应采取相应措施,以进一步提高河南省农民的收入水平.     

The impacts of social pension on rural household expenditure: evidence from China

In 2009, China began to implement a new social pension scheme in rural areas. We examine the impacts of this social pension on two main components of rural household expenditure, consumption and agricultural production investment. Our findings show that on average, rural households increase consumption by 1–3% and agricultural investment by as high as 6–9% in pilot counties. Further estimations reveal that the pension mainly affects the households with old-aged members and the poorer families, and that the saving rate hasn’t been changed by the pension, which support more the contingent income than the life-cycle hypothesis. We also find that among various types of expenditures, the most dramatic increases have occurred in food consumption and operational inputs on agricultural production.     

入境旅游对地区收入的影响

本文利用面板数据模型对不同地区的入境旅游消费支出与地区收入进行实证分析,结果发现,不同地区入境旅游的消费支出并没有显著差异,入境旅游的消费支出每提高1个百分点,国内主要城市的旅游收入平均只能提高0.09个百分点。不同区域的自发收入水平差距是最重要的影响因素,其中,旅游发展的自发收入以拉萨最高,其次是深圳和南京等城市;最低的城市为兰州,其次是西宁和成都等城市。本文认为提高旅游发展投资力度、规范旅游发展制度、进一步开发多元化旅游市场、扩大文化交流和加大海外旅游营销力度是提高我国入境旅游业的发展能力,缩小不同区域间的旅游发展差距的有利举措。     

广西城乡收入差距影响因素研究——基于14市面板数据的实证分析

缩小城乡收入差距是经济和社会发展实现包容性增长的内在要求。笔者采用面板数据,对广西城乡收入差距的影响因素进行实证研究。研究结果表明:城市化进程、城市偏向政策、要素积累以及产业结构均对城乡收入差距具有显著影响。     

所得税负担会影响地区全要素生产率吗？ ——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

本文利用2003—2017年中国大陆地区30个省份的面板数据,采用非参数DEA-Malmquist测算方法和双向固定效应面板回归模型,实证检验了所得税减免对地区全要素生产率的影响机理及效应。研究发现:所得税减免能够显著促进地区全要素生产率水平的提高,且相对于个人所得税减免而言,企业所得税减税对全要素生产率的影响作用更大,从而证实了\"所得税减免→人力资本积累或企业技术创新→全要素生产率提升\"的作用路径;分区域来看,中部地区所得税减免对全要素生产率的促进作用较为明显,而在东西部地区其效果并不明显。本文的研究结论对于当前政府进行结构性减税降费以刺激经济活力的政策实施具有重大意义。     

外商直接投资就业效应的省际分析

外商直接投资对东部、中部和西部地区的就业存在显著性的影响,但是三地区的影响是不同的,其中中部地区就业量对FDI最敏感,东部地区次之,西部地区最小。     

中国各地区城乡收入差距及其影响因素研究

本文基于1997—2008年中国31个省、直辖市、自治区的城乡居民收入数据的研究表明,各地区城乡收入差距沿东、中、西部递增。养老、医疗等转移支付收入对城乡居民收入差距的影响分析表明,转移支付收入并未起到缩小城乡收入差距的作用,其对城乡收入的贡献沿东、中、西部递减。对城乡收入差距的分析结果表明,除西藏外,其他地区的城乡收入差距在不断扩大。借鉴市场化指数的方法,构建了城乡收入差距的地区公平性指数。分析结果表明,我国城乡收入差距呈区域性特点。基于面板数据的研究表明,经济发展、财政偏向是城乡收入差距扩大的主要影响因素,市场化程度、财政分权、对外开放及金融发展等则因区域不同而对城乡收入差距的影响不同。     

产业结构、固定资产投资与城乡收入差距——基于中部地区省级面板数据的实证分析

产业结构对城乡收入差距具有正向作用,固定资产投资可以改善收入差距恶化.对外贸易发展也是缩小中部地区城乡收入差距的重要因素,而财政农业支出、非国有化水平对城乡收入差距的影响并不显著.要使城乡居民收入差距得到有效遏制,必须坚持效率与公平动态发展的原则,统筹城乡发展,大力改善农村地区的投资环境,完善用工和最低工资制度,重视出口贸易的发展,加大财政对农村、农民和农业的支持力度.     

The effects of foreign direct investment on domestic firms

This paper uses firm‐level panel data to investigate empirically the effects of foreign direct investment on the productivity performance of domestic firms in three emerging economies of Central and Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Romania and Poland. To this end, a unique firm‐level panel dataset is used with detailed information on foreign ownership at the firm level. Two main questions are addressed in the present paper: (1) do foreign firms perform better than their domestic counterparts? (2) do foreign firms generate spillovers to domestic firms? The estimation technique in this paper takes potential endogeneity of ownership, spillovers and other factors into account by estimating a fixed effects model using instrumental variables in the general methods of moment technique for panel data. Only in Poland, do foreign firms perform better than firms without foreign participation. Moreover, for all three countries studied here, I find no evidence of positive spillovers to domestic firms, on average. In contrast, on average, there are negative spillovers to domestic firms in Bulgaria and Romania, while there are no spillovers to domestic firms in Poland. This suggests a negative competition effect that dominates a positive technology effect. JEL classification: D24, F14, O52, P31.     

Profit strategy of Greek banks: cross-subsidization and diversification versus complementarity

This study analyses the profit strategy employed by banks in Greece using dynamic panel data techniques and a data set which includes proprietary supervisory data covering the whole Greek commercial banking system from 2004 to 2011. We provide evidence that banks use interest- and non-interest income (non-II) as substitutes rather than complements, with non-II representing an indirect competition instrument by the more efficient banks used in place of direct competition with their peers through prices on loans and deposits. This behaviour is explained by further decomposing the non-II into the relatively stable fees component and the volatile trading income. Moreover, we provide evidence that the net-interest income is primarily affected by the banks’ market power and their operating costs, while more efficient banks exploit their core deposit base to lever their non-II. Finally, macroeconomic developments affect both income components, which are found to be procyclical with respect to economic activity. In particular, the two income components are affected differently from inflation implying that non-II provides a natural hedge against adverse effects from deflation on interest income.     

我国农业政策性金融发展的区域差异及其影响研究

在对我国粮食主销区、主产区和产销平衡区农业政策性金融进行比较分析的基础上,运用面板数据模型实证检验了农业政策性金融对区域农业经济增长的影响。研究表明,在我国对农业政策性金融特殊的制度安排和职能定位下,农业政策性金融信贷规模区域差异明显,但信贷结构趋同,而且农业政策性金融仅对主产区农业经济增长具有显著的促进作用。为此,要结合区域农业经济特色,制定农业政策性金融区域发展战略。     

社会资本累积与家庭收入分化

已有的研究表明,社会资本累积对经济增长和家庭收入增长会产生重要影响,居民家庭社会资本存量存在显著差异,但在其累积过程中却不存在明显的城乡差别,家庭居住地的经济环境和政府行为对家庭社会资本的累积无显著影响,社会资本累积对家庭收入的影响并不显著。     

The Effect of Off-farm Work on the Intensity of Agricultural Production

Changes in agricultural production methods have been associated with environmental pressure and a loss of natural habitats. This paper explores the extent to which farmer participation in off-farm work (an increasing phenomenon in most developed countries) changes the intensity of agricultural input use focusing, in particular, on fertilizer and crop protection product use. A sample selection model that accounts for both unobserved heterogeneity between farms and the potential simultaneity between farm operations and hours worked off-farm is estimated for 2,419 farms in England and Wales. The econometric evidence indicates that the input intensity of products which have well-established links to environmental damage can increase as well as decrease. The results suggest that that fertilizer intensity may decline as off-farm labor increases while the use of crop protection per hectare increases as off-farm work increases.