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1.
Elizabeth Chell Laura J. Spence Francesco Perrini Jared D. Harris 《Journal of Business Ethics》2016,133(4):619-625
This editorial to the special issue addresses the often overlooked question of the ethical nature of social enterprises. The emerging social entrepreneurship literature has previously been dominated by enthusiasts who fail to critique the social enterprise, focusing instead on its distinction from economic entrepreneurship and potential in solving social problems. In this respect, we have found through the work presented herein that the relation between social entrepreneurship and ethics needs to be problematized. Further, we find that a range of conceptual lenses and methodological approaches is valuable as the social entrepreneurship field matures. 相似文献
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Po Keung Ip 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,88(3):463-476
This article examines whether and to what extent Confucianism as a resilient Chinese cultural tradition can be used as a sound basis of business practice and management model for Chinese corporations in the twenty-first century. Using the core elements of Confucianism, the article constructs a notion of a Confucian Firm with its concepts of the moral person (Junzi), core human morality (ren, yi, li) and relationships (guanxi), as well as benign social structure (harmony), articulated in corporate and organizational terms. The basic character of the Confucian Firm is described, and its philosophical and cultural foundation is critically assessed with respect to its moral legitimacy and relevant to today’s China. China’s recent Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) development is a high profile response to global business ethics concerns. Efforts have been made to emulate and develop good business practice fashioned in CSR norms and visions. The so-called “human-based” and “virtue-based” business practices rooted in local cultural heritage have been touted as a Chinese response to this problem. This investigation is particularly relevant in the context of the increasingly prominence of the Chinese corporations (China Inc.) in the wake of the rise of China as a global power. How relevant is Confucianism to the building of a modern Chinese corporation that is willing and able to practice reasonable norms of business ethics? The findings of this discussion, which include the organizational implications of the Confucian familial collectivism, have implications for other Chinese communities (Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore) where Confucian tradition is endorsed and practiced. 相似文献
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Should Business Ethics Be Different in Transitional Economies? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
William P. Cordeiro 《Journal of Business Ethics》2003,47(4):327-334
This paper builds on a debate between Velasquez and Fleming: Do multinational enterprises (MNEs) have ethical obligations to their host countries? Velasquez applies Thomas Hobbes' realism approach in arguing that MNEs have no special moral obligations to host countries: (a) obligations do not exist independently in a "state of nature," (b) MNEs exist in a "state of nature" independent of any sovereign authority or power, (c) therefore, MNEs cannot be compelled toward moral or ethical behavior. Fleming counters that the lack of an international authority to compel morality from MNEs is irrelevant. MNEs are for-profit entities making rational economic decisions based on their perceived self-interest. Since they operate in "the goldfish bowl of international media," MNEs are very aware of the stakeholder model. First, the paper supports Fleming's position: Even if a philosophical case cannot be established for MNEs to act ethically &;#x2013; they still should. Being unethical in any arena, but especially in the international arena, is both bad-for-business and bad business. Applying stakeholder theory, if stakeholders perceive the MNE as unethical (which may or may not be true), the firm will ultimately lose business. Next, the paper applies Fleming's position to transitional economies. As economies shift from one system to another, positive perceptions and stakeholder support are required for success. With so many environmental variables in flux, multinationals must promote a sense of normalcy, of regular ethical habits, of familiarity. Finally, the paper concludes by cautioning a sole reliance on stakeholder analysis &;#x2013; especially in turbulent times &;#x2013; and recommends areas for further research. 相似文献
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Robert W. Stewart 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,99(3):453-465
Efforts to identify antecedents of employee turnover are likely to offer value to organizations through money saved on recruitment
and new-hire training. The authors utilized the stakeholder perspective to corporate social responsibility to examine the
effects of a perceived climate for ethics on the relationship between diversity climate and voluntary turnover intentions.
Specifically, they examined how ethics climate (employees’ perceptions that their organization values and enforces ethically
correct behavior) affected the diversity climate–turnover intentions relationship. Results indicated that ethics climate moderated
the diversity climate–turnover intentions relationship. Turnover intentions were lowest among workers perceiving both a pro-diversity
and highly ethical climate. These results reinforce the need to communicate both diversity values and ethical standards to
employees. 相似文献
5.
Entering Guanxi: A Business Ethical Dilemma in Mainland China? 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
This paper represents an effort to distinguish between two types of guanxi prevalent in mainland China: favor-seeking guanxi that is culturally rooted and rent-seeking guanxi that is institutionally defined. Different rules of maneuvering the two types of guanxi are identified in light of Chinese cultural and business ethics. Strategies for entering guanxi in mainland China are also suggested. 相似文献
6.
Robert Stewart Sabrina D. Volpone Derek R. Avery Patrick McKay 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,100(4):581-593
Efforts to identify antecedents of employee turnover are likely to offer value to organizations through money saved on recruitment
and new-hire training. The authors utilized the stakeholder perspective to corporate social responsibility to examine the
effects of a perceived climate for ethics on the relationship between diversity climate and voluntary turnover intentions.
Specifically, they examined how ethics climate (employees’ perceptions that their organization values and enforces ethically
correct behavior) affected the diversity climate–turnover intentions relationship. Results indicated that ethics climate moderated
the diversity climate–turnover intentions relationship. Turnover intentions were lowest among workers perceiving both a pro-diversity
and highly ethical climate. These results reinforce the need to communicate both diversity values and ethical standards to
employees. 相似文献
7.
Understanding the ethical attitudes and concerns of future business leaders has been the focus of increasing research attention. Largely, this is due to the influence of such perspectives, as it is these presently held ideologies that ultimately translate into the actions and behaviors of the forthcoming workforce. This research examines how such business-related ethicality perspectives have evolved by administering a nationwide survey that builds on two Journal of Business Ethics studies, Beltramini et al. (J Bus Ethics 3:195?C200, 1984) and Peterson et al. (J Bus Ethics 10:733?C738, 1991), resulting in the latest segment of a three-decade historical perspective of ethical concerns. Our findings indicate fundamental shifts regarding the nature of concerns, and provide a number of practical and theoretical contributions to the ethics literature, bringing us one step closer to more comprehensively understanding, and ultimately enhancing ethical practices in business. 相似文献
8.
This paper extends the discussion of guanxi beyond instrumental evaluations and advances a normative assessment of guanxi. Our discussion departs from previous analyses by not merely asking, “Does guanxi work?” but rather “Should corporations use guanxi?” The analysis begins with a review of traditional guanxi definitions and the changing economic and legal environment in China, both necessary precursors to understanding the role of guanxi in Chinese business transactions. This review leads us to suggest that there are distinct types of, and uses for guanxi. We identify the potentially problematic aspects of certain forms of guanxi from a normative perspective, noting among other things, the close association of particular types of guanxi with corruption and bribery. We conclude that there are many different forms of guanxi that may have distinct impacts on economic efficiency and the well-being of ordinary Chinese citizens. Consistent with Donaldson and Dunfee (1999), we advocate a particularistic analysis of the different forms of guanxi. 相似文献
9.
Kwok Tung Cheung 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,82(4):889-898
The article discusses the meaning of consciousness and presents a collective consciousness view of business organizations
and their development. It proposes an integrative hierarchical framework of three levels of organizational consciousness:
material, social and spiritual. The concepts of excellence, ethical and moral temperament of organizations at different levels
of consciousness are also discussed. The article describes the features of social and spiritually conscious business organizations,
taking some examples from secondary sources. Overall, it is an attempt to link the ideals of human evolution with the potential
behaviour of business corporations.
Ashish Pandey is leading research function at Pragati Leadership Institute, 301, Beaver Grandeur, Baner road, Pune, India.
He is also scholar of Fellow Program in Management with Management Development Institute, (M.D.I.) Gurgaon.
Rajen K. Gupta is Professor of OD with M.D.I., Gurgaon. He is an OD consultant, alumnus of Indian Institute of Technology,
Kanpur and holds doctoral degree from Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India.
Earlier version of the paper titled “Organization Development as Evolution of Collective Consciousness of Business Organization”
was presented in the Global OD Summit, 2006, at Mysore, India and was adjudged the best paper in ‘Future-focus’ stream. 相似文献
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Nhung T. Nguyen M. Tom Basuray William P. Smith Donald Kopka Donald McCulloh 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,77(4):417-430
In this study, we examined moral issues and gender differences in ethical judgment using Reidenbach and Robin’s [Journal of Business Ethics
9 (1990) 639) multidimensional ethics scale (MES). A total of 340 undergraduate students were asked to provide ethical judgment
by rating three moral issues in the MES labeled: ‚sales’, ‚auto’, and ‚retail’ using three ethics theories: moral equity,
relativism, and contractualism. We found that female students’ ratings of ethical judgment were consistently higher than that
of male students across two out of three moral issues examined (i.e., sales and retails) and ethics theories; providing support
for Eagly’s [1987, Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-role Interpretation. (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, Hillsdale, NJ, England)] social role theory. After controlling for moral issues, women’s
higher ratings of ethical judgment over men’s became statistically non-significant. Theoretical and practical implications
based on the study’s findings are provided.
Nhung T. Nguyen, assistant professor of human resource management at Towson University, received her Ph.D. in management from
Virginia Commonwealth University in 2001. Her research focuses on the use of situational judgement and personality tests in
personnel selection, ethics in management education, and the application of meta-analysis and structural equations modeling
in organizational research. Her research has appeared in the Journal of Applied Psychology, the International Journal of Selection and Assessment, Applied H.R.M. Research, and Journal of Applied Social Psychology among others.
M. Tom Basuray, Professor of Management at Towson University, received his Ph.D. in Business Administration in 1974 from University
of Oklahoma. His research interests are in areas of organizational effectiveness, leadership and development. His articles
have appeared in Journal of Organizational Change Management, Education & Psychological Measurement, International Journal of Management, Leadership
and Organizational Development Journal, and Journal of Experiential Learning and Simulation. He has consulted with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Public Broadcasting Corporation, and various state and municipal
government agencies both in Maryland and North Dakota.
William P.Smith, Associate Professor of Management in the College of Business and Economics at Towson University, received
his Ph.D. in Business Administration from Arizona State University in 1982. His research interests include business ethics,
privacy in the workplace and the role of social activism in corporate governance.
Donald Kopka, an Assistant Professor at Towson University, received his Ph.D., in International Business from George Washington
University in 1995. He teaches Business Strategy, Management Principles, and Entrepreneurship and Small Business, and was
Director of the Cornerstone-Professional Experience Program in the College of Business and Economics from 1999–2003. In 2004
he was a Fulbright Scholar in Vietnam where he taught entrepreneurship and business strategy, worked on curriculum development,
and conducted ongoing research on supporting industries. Information on his Fulbright experience can be found at his website
. His research interests include entrepreneurship, business development, and teaching pedagogy. He formerly ran a property
management business, was a program manager at the U.S. Small Business Administration, and served as a Peace Corps Volunteer
in the Philippines.
Donald N. McCulloh, Lecturer in Management at Towson University, received his M.S. degree in Financial Management from The
George Washington Unversity in 1968. He teaches Management Principles and has also taught Leadership. He served as Vice President
for Administration and Finance at Towson University until his retirement in 1997, since then he has been a full-time member
of the Management faculty. He has also served in the United States Air Force, and worked in several manufacturing industries
and the automotive industry. He was Executive Director of a non-profit community development corporation. 相似文献
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Mark S. Schwartz 《Journal of Business Ethics》2012,105(4):429-446
Whether the nation of Israel has become a “light unto the nations” in terms of ethical behavior among its business community
remains in doubt. To examine the current state of business ethics in Israel, the study examines the following: (1) the extent
of business ethics education in Israel; (2) the existence of formal corporate ethics program elements based on an annual survey
of over 50 large Israeli corporations conducted over 5 years (2006–2010); and (3) perceptions of the state of business ethics
based on interviews conducted with 22 senior Israeli corporate executives. In general, and particularly as a young country,
Israel might be considered to have made great improvements in the state of business ethics over the years. In terms of business
ethics education, the vast majority of universities and colleges offer at least an elective course in business ethics. In
terms of formal business ethics program elements, many large companies now have a code of ethics, and over time continue to
add additional elements. Most respondents believed they worked in ethical firms. Despite these developments, however, there
appears to be significant room for improvement, particularly in terms of issues like: nepotism/favoritism; discrimination;
confidentiality; treatment of customers; advertising; competitive intelligence; whistle-blowing; worker health and safety;
and the protection of the environment. When compared with the U.S. or Europe, most believed that Israeli firms and their agents
were not as ethical in business. A number of reasons were suggested that might be affecting the state of business ethics in
Israel. A series of recommendations were also provided on how firms can better encourage an ethical corporate culture. The
paper concludes with its limitations. 相似文献
16.
This study investigated students’ perceptions of ethical organizational climates, attitudes towards ethical issues, and the
perceived relationship between ethical behavior and success in business organizations. Comparisons were made between the attitudes
of these future managers with previously published studies of Russian managers’ attitudes. A survey of 100 business students
in three Moscow universities showed that their attitudes toward ethical behavior were more negative than those of Russian
managers. No significant differences were found in the perceptions or attitudes of students who had attended an ethics course
and those that did not. The implications for both managers and researchers were reported. 相似文献
17.
The paper focuses on the consumer side of consumption tax evasion (CTE), a subcategory of the shadow economy. The ethical dimensions of tax evasion have been effectively captured by the existent literature on tax morale, yet it fails to address the role consumers can play in CTE. Further, there is a shortage of tax morale studies that explore ethical decision making as a process composed of multiple steps and determinants. To bridge these gaps, we turned to the consumer ethics literature and Jones’ issue-contingent model of ethical decision making. We developed the conceptual model of consumer ethical decision making for CTE by incorporating four key elements from the issue-contingent model, i.e. moral recognition, moral judgement, moral intention and moral intensity, while personal moral philosophies were introduced as an antecedent to the consumer ethical decision-making process. The study was conducted on a sample of consumers from Slovenia, where CTE is a widespread phenomenon. The findings confirm that consumers’ recognition of CTE as a moral issue is influenced by their moral philosophy and perceptions regarding the magnitude of CTE’s consequences, their visibility, probability, and temporal immediacy. These perceptions also play an important role in determining consumers’ moral judgements and intentions regarding CTE. Moreover, through the process of moral recognition and moral judgement, consumers form intentions to participate in, or avoid CTE. The study holds important implications for public policy makers who are trying to reduce the tax gap in times of economic instability and fiscal crisis. 相似文献
18.
Results of an online experiment using advergames associated with television series suggest playing advergames results in behavioral change toward the parent brand only for consumers who lack prior brand experience. In essence, advergames appear to be more effective as a promotional tool used to encourage new product trial behavior. In addition, advergames with highly integrated brand elements produce more negative attitudes toward the advergame than advergames with fewer brand elements. Thus, advergame designers must delicately balance the use of brand elements to encourage product trial without being perceived as unnecessary advertising clutter that distracts from the enjoyment of game play. 相似文献
19.
In recent years there have been ever-growing concerns regarding environmental decline, causing some companies to focus on
the implementation of environmentally friendly supply, production and distribution systems. Such concern may stem either from
the set of beliefs and values of the company’s management or from certain pressure exerted by the market – consumers and institutions
– in the belief that an environmentally respectful management policy will contribute to the transmission of a positive image
of the company and its products. Sometimes, however, ethics and market rules are not enough to deal with this situation and
specific laws must be considered. This is the case when companies base their activity on the ‹ethics of self-interest’ concentrating
their efforts on projecting an adequate image – e.g. environmental respect – rather than fundamentally behaving in environmentally
respectful ways. This article, taking as reference the SME context, discusses the reasons for implementing environmentally
friendly systems. Both ethics and business seem to be relevant and, therefore, a certain balance between market and interventionism
seems to be necessary. 相似文献
20.
In this essay I show that business needs business school graduates who are capable of ethical business action. Thus, business ethics courses should help students develop the capacities and skills they will need to act ethically at work. Towards this developmental end, I list eight steps business ethicists can take to implement service learning in their courses. I show how service learning in the classroom can be combined with a college honorary program to promote ethical business actions in students. 相似文献