企业内部财务分析应以现金流量为核心

当前的财务分析体系主要是以利润为核心而设计的，虽然现金流量分析已成为财务分析体系的一个重要组成部分，但与偿债能力分析、获利能力分析和营运能力分析之间的关系仍不密切，在财务分析体系中也未达到其应有的地位。对企业管理而言，财务分析应以现金流量为核心，通过现金流量指标分析企业的偿债能力、获利能力和营运能力更具可行性，并具体论述了财务分析应以现金流量为核心的理论依据和优点。     

企业组织形式、产权结构与财务风险的关系

一、企业组织形式与财务风险的关系 　　1古典企业与财务风险的关系。古典企业是一种较为原始的企业组织结构类型。目前在我国，绝大多数的中小型民营企业，包括很多的华侨投资企业都是这一种类型。古典企业具有三个主要特点 :①企业结构单一而且较小。这个特点决定了企业的资金比较单薄，经营的产品在市场上的覆盖面不广，只局限于某一地区。因此，这类企业的营运能力和获利能力较弱，由此决定了古典企业一旦遇到财务危机，很难筹措到足够的资金以摆脱财务上的困境，因此信用极不稳定。②企业的管理者通常兼有资本所有者的身份，老板就是…     

企业营运资金风险及其有效防范

随着我国市场经济的快速发展,市场环境也在发生着深刻的变化,企业面临的企业的风险也呈现逐渐增长的趋势,在这种形势下,企业很有必要加强对各种风险的管理与防范。其中企业的营运资金作为维持其日常经营运转的资金,是企业全部资金运营的基础,而营运资金的风险也是企业要面对的主要财务风险之一本文主要分析了企业营运过程中存在的风险,在此基础上,提出了有效防范风险的策略,以期减少企业的营运风险,促进企业又好又快地向前发展。     

环境不确定性、企业特征与财务柔性

环境不确定性是现代经济社会的重要特征。在不确定环境下,财务柔性对企业应对不确定性有重要的价值。本文以2004—2008年为研究期间,对未进行股权融资的上市公司进行实证分析,研究发现,环境不确定性及企业特征影响企业财务柔性水平。企业面临的不确定性越强、融资约束程度越低、控股股东性质为非国有企业、成长性越高、可用于抵押融资的资产越少、前期投资比例越高,则会保持较高的财务柔性。本文对企业获取财务柔性以应对环境不确定性有一定的指导意义。     

论企业营运资金的管理与控制

营运资金是企业为了日常经营的需要,占用在短期资产上的资金。主要包括现金、应收账款、存货和短期证券。营运资金,从会计的角度看,是指流动资产与流动负债的差额。会计上不强调流动资产与流动负债的关系,而只是用它们的差额来反映一个企业的偿债能力。财务角度看营运资金应该是流动资产与流动负债关系的总和。     

浅析企业财务风险的成因及防范措施

一、企业内部财务风险概述 1．企业财务风险概念的界定。 企业财务风险是一种微观的经济风险,是企业财务活动未来实际结果偏离预期结果的可能性。一个企业财务活动的组织和管理业绩如何,必然会体现在该企业经营资金运动的状况和结果上,表现为财务状况的好坏和财务成果的大小。企业财务风险包括财务成果的风险和财务状况的风险,财务成果即收益财务状况即企业的偿债、营运、获利等能力。     

企业财务风险的成因分析及防范措施

企业财务风险是一种微观的经济风险,是企业财务活动未来实际结果偏离预期结果的可能性。一个企业财务活动的组织和管理业绩如何,必然会体现在该企业经营资金运动的状况和结果上,表现为财务状况的好坏和财务成果的大小。企业财务风险包括财务成果的风险和财务状况的风险,财务成果即收益财务状况即企业的偿债、营运、获利等能力。     

论我国企业营运资金管理的“问题、成因、对策”

在现代企业的理财工作中,营运资金的实践始终占据着举足轻重的地位,营运资金是企业日常经营所不可缺少的,对于营运资金的管理是否有效,直接关系到企业资产的变现能力和获利能力。对企业营运资金管理这一课题进行研讨,具有重要的意义。     

浅谈企业财务风险防范的加强措施

一、企业内部财务风险概述1．企业财务风险概念的界定。企业财务风险是一种微观的经济风险，是企业财务活动未来实际结果偏离预期结果的可能性。一个企业财务活动的组织和管理业绩如何，必然会体现在该企业经营资金运动的状况和结果上，表现为财务状况的好坏和财务成果的大小。企业财务风险包括财务成果的风险和财务状况的风险，财务成果即收益财务状况即企业的偿债、营运、获利等能力。     

论我国企业营运资金管理的"问题、成因、对策"

在现代企业的理财工作中,营运资金的实践始终占据着举足轻重的地位,营运资金是企业日常经营所不可缺少的,对于营运资金的管理是否有效,直接关系到企业资产的变现能力和获利能力.对企业营运资金管理这一课题进行研讨,具有重要的意义.     

企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研及对策思考

在对福建省企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研的基础上,提出构建可操作的“三层次四模块”诚信意识培育新模式,推进人本化管理理念的渗透,加强人文关怀和心理疏导,以实现思想政治工作诚信意识培育的目标。     

中国经济的内外均衡与财税改革

我国经常项目持续的大规模顺差,给国民经济的健康发展带来一系列的不利影响。在前人研究的基础上,通过对各种影响因素进行分类拆解,本文试图从理论和实证角度说明长期的储蓄-消费失衡是造成我国贸易顺差的一个重要原因,而其背后的根本原因是由于企业可支配收入相对于劳动者报酬不断提高带来的收入结构和储蓄结构失衡。我国当前企业未分配收入大幅增长的原因可以归结为企业利润率"虚高"和国企"不分红"问题。只有从体制上解决这个问题,才能使储蓄降低到适当的水平,通过拉动内需消除我国过大的贸易顺差,从根本上解决内外经济比例失衡问题。     

森林资源规划设计调查总结与反思

森林资源规划设计调查是为国家、地区及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业区划、规划、计划,指导林业生产而提供基础资源数据,为实现森林资源合理经营、科学管理、永续利用、持续发展,充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益服务。森林资源调查的任务是全面查清森林资源数量、质量变化及其消长变化状况、规律,进行综合分析和评价,准确提供所需有关森林资源调查成果资料。基于森林资源二类调查的重要性和今后调查工作顺利开展的需要,调查之后的总结与反思尤为重要。     

Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Within and Across Boundaries and Shorelines: Ensemble of Darwin's Finches and Human Transaction Types

Synopsis: In the most famous example of the biological process of adaptive radiation, two forces explain the fourteen distinct species of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: First, populations adapt to their respective distinct ecological environments. Second, previously separated populations come in contact and may adapt to mitigate inter-species competition. The result is a complex pattern of homogeneity and heterogeneity among the birds, both on a single island and across islands. This pattern reflects the finches' adaptations both to the distinct ecological conditions created by the visible shorelines that separate the islands' niches and to the finches' own less-visible cultural and societal shorelines. The New Institutional Economics highlights the fact that human institutional infrastructures also exhibit complex homogeneities and heterogeneities, as we adapt those infrastructures to accomplish the tasks at hand in distinct geographic and societal contexts. Mixes of both state enforcement and self-enforcement, through inter-temporal, inter-issue, and inter-actor linkages, provide support and enforcement for transactions; and those mixes differ across transactions and across states. When transactions occur across state or cultural shorelines, institutional infrastructures must be flexible enough to accommodate those differences, without allowing the differences to become disguised protectionism or barriers to competition. These issues contribute to many of the regulatory disputes associated with ‘globalization’. We briefly consider two concrete recent examples: (1) the European Union–United States ‘Safe Harbor’ Agreement that regulates firms' policies toward Internet-data privacy; and (2) international trade policy negotiations over regulation of ‘geographical indications’ (for example, Champagne or Roquefort) as means of assuring product quality for processed foods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Classical and Neoclassical harmonies and dissonances

Abstract

Proofs are given that only singularly can real 1750 – 2007 competitive price ratios be ‘natural', in the sense of being invariant under changes in demand tastes. Proofs are given that both 1750 – 1870 discrete technologies or 1890 – 2007 continuum technologies, with convexity properties sufficient for arbitrage-proof supply-demand equilibria, will be ‘intertemporally Pareto optimal', immune to leaving any deadweight (inefficient) losses on the table. Sraffa (1960), ignoring the vast post-1945 linear and non-linear programming mathematical literature of Danzig, Kuhn-Tucker-Bellman, von Neumann, Ramsey literature does not quite arrive at attainable distribution solutions. Where it tolerates increasing or decreasing returns to scale, there can be no competitive equilibria. When its matrix equations do obey first-degree-homogeneous functions, the book's stress on Basics or non-Basics is an irrelevancy leading to bizarre novel interpretations of Ricardo.

Old age overtakes us all. Alas, Sraffs's proposed critique of twentieth century political economy we will never be able to know.     

Sen and Commons on Markets and Freedom

Amartya Sen's enlarged conception of freedom has augmented the scope of economic analysis but it also has had the surprising effect of being more supportive of the free market than conventional welfare economics. It is argued here that a comparison of Sen's position with that of the American institutionalist, J R Commons, highlights some problems with Sen's approach and points to possible ways in which they might be addressed.     

Globalization and taxation: Theory and evidence

We construct a theoretical model to capture the compensation and efficiency effects of globalization in a set up where the redistributive tax rate is chosen by the median voter. The model predicts that the two alternative modes of globalization- trade liberalization and financial openness- could potentially have different effects on taxation. We then provide some empirical evidence on the relationship between taxation and the alternative modes of globalization using a large cross-country panel data set. On average, globalization is associated with lower taxation but there is some evidence that in countries with high capital-labor ratio, globalization is associated with increased taxation. We make a distinction between de jure and de facto measures of globalization and find a strong negative relationship between taxation and de jure measures of globalization. The results for de facto measures of globalization are mixed.     

Finance and inequality: Channels and evidence

We provide a framework to interpret the recent literature on financial development and inequality. In many developing countries, access to funding and financial services by firms and households is still very skewed. Recent evidence suggests that poor access does not only reflect economic constraints but also barriers erected by insiders. Inequality affects the distribution of political influence, so financial regulation often is easily captured by established interests in unequal countries. Captured reforms deepen rather than broaden access, as small elites obtain most of the benefits while risks are socialized. Financial liberalization motivated to increase access may in practice increase fragility and inequality, and lead to political backlash against reforms. Thus financial reforms may succeed only if matched by a buildup in oversight institutions. Journal of Comparative Economics 35 (4) (2007) 748–773.     

美国、日本产业政策:比较分析与启示

现阶段,在吸取美国、日本经验的基础上,我国产业结构调整应主要依靠市场机制进行调节,同时辅之以宏观政策,尽快使我国的产业结构优化,即产业结构的合理化、高级化。     

The Performance of Public and Private Enterprise under Conditions of Active and Passive Ownership and Competition and Monopoly

Privatisation is driven by the belief that public ownership is cost inefficient, in particular under monopoly. However, some theoretical and empirical studies have questioned whether privatisation will necessarily lead to efficiency gains. This paper focuses on the impact of ownership when owners can be either active or passive. Active owners decide on output, whereas passive owners delegate this decision to a risk-averse manager. It turns out that managerial slack as reflected in the marginal costs will actually be the same or higher in a private monopoly than under public ownership. The impact of entry is theoretically ambiguous, but an increased number of firms in an oligopoly may lead to lower efficiency.