Knowledge,Human Resources and Social Practice: The Knowledge-Intensive Business Service Firm as a Distributed Knowledge System

The knowledge base of firms is intrinsically linked to the knowledge of their employees. This is particularly the case in knowledge-intensive business services, where the production of services is almost entirely dependent on the ability of the firm to make use of the knowledge of the employees. Applying a distributed knowledge system view of the firm helps us understand that how knowledge is created is more important than what knowledge the firm and its employees have. This article presents findings from a case study of a large Danish knowledge-intensive business service firm. It turns out that knowledge not only resides in the minds of individual employees but also that it is constructed in the social interaction between members of teams.     

The Impact of Academic Research on Business Practice Experiences from Marketing

In the past four decades, academic researchers have developed a variety of concepts they claim are relevant to business practice. This article analyzes the impact of eight of these concepts from a decision-oriented perspective. Four of them – econometric models, diffusion models, causal analysis and mental accounting – have yet to exert a significant influence on business practice. In contrast, concepts like price decisions and structures, conjoint measurement, decision support systems and pricing processes – all developed to solve practical problems – have proven to be highly useful. It seems evident that overly complex methodology, abstract reasoning and the reliance on incidental data substantially hinder the success of concepts in practice. On the other hand, concepts that provide managers with economically valuable insights are well-received in business practice. The impact of practical experience on the definition of research projects has remained limited. This is due less to the reluctance of the parties involved and more to the objective obstacles such as confidentiality and the complexity of problems. Academic researchers are encouraged to more assertively seek out research guidance from business practitioners, and practitioners should more actively provide recommendations needed for relevant research.     

A Social Exchange Perspective on Business Ethics: An Application to Knowledge Exchange

An extensive body of literature in sociology and anthropology has shown that different societies have developed different structures for exchange of items such as goods, status and information. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how social exchange theory can help illuminate many of the underlying bases of different ethical perspectives in debates about social exchanges. Social exchange theory is applied to three common types of knowledge exchange – R&D joint ventures, commercial intellectual property exchange and academic exchange. Two key factors that underlie different ethical perspectives are shown to be differences in structures for social exchange and differences in views of the alienability of knowledge from its originator.     

房地产开发项目环境影响评价要点分析

由于城市化进程的快速发展,人民生活水平的日益提高,人们对居住环境的要求也越来越高,对房地产开发项目环境影响评价提出越来越明确的要求。以住宅小区建设项目为例,从施工期环境影响评价、营运期环境影响评价两个方面对房地产开发项目的环境影响评价进行了探讨。     

Environmental Consciousness and the Business Curricula:

No abstract available for this article.     

Knowledge and Competence Management: Ericsson Business Consulting

This article describes a new knowledge and competence management initiative at Ericsson Business Consulting (EBC) which uses an intranet as its main means of implementation. Telecoms giant Ericsson has traditionally been decentralized and technology-minded to a degree rare even among technology multinationals, and the author shows how the development of the EBC business unit reflects the company's recognition of the need for more globalization in business processes, culture, and knowledge-sharing. He concludes by discussing the problems faced by EBC in its first year and the learning points for other businesses.     

Weaning Business Ethics from Strategic Economism: The Development Ethics Perspective

For more than three decades, business ethics has suggested and evaluated strategies for multinationals to address abject deprivations and weak regulatory institutions in developing countries. Critical appraisals, internal and external, have observed these concerns being severely constrained by the overwhelming prioritization of economic values, i.e., economism. Recent contributions to business ethics stress a re-imagination of the field wherein economic goals are downgraded and more attention given to redistribution of wealth and well-being of the weaker individuals and groups. Development ethics, a lesser known field of normative enquiry, already offers nuanced justifications against economism which business ethicists can use in their current attempts to wean the field from old habits.     

In Search of a Common Ethical Ground: Corporate Environmental Responsibility from the Perspective of Christian Environmental Stewardship

In recent years, corporate environmental policies have become urgently needed, demanded by influential environmentalist groups and launched by an increasing number of companies. Those demands and efforts, however, often lack an ethical underpinning. This paper deals with some basic ethical issues and outlines three perspectives for further investigation: (1) How can we take into account ethical pluralism that characterizes most contemporary societies?; (2) What is the content of environmental ethics viewed from a Christian perspective, taken as an example of various existent doctrines in the pluralistic world?; and (3) What relevance may this "Christian environmental stewardship" have for the understanding of corporate environmental responsibility?     

Teaching Business Ethics: Theory and Practice

Business ethics teaching can be improved when ethicists integrate the ethical theories they apply to business with the organizational design of the course. By utilizing three techniques – implementing a Total Quality Management-style survey and review, nominating and electing class virtues, and telling personal stories of moral action – classes can be organized to operate by the social contract, rights, stakeholder, and virtue theories that dominate business ethics literature. Classes then become laboratories for the practical articulation and application of the theories as well as providing real examples of the theories in action. This methodology produces benefits for the particular class and for the development and refinement of the theories themselves.This paper describes each of the three pedagogical techniques; and then explicitly relates them to these leading business ethics theories to demonstrate how the integration can lead to a community seeking and discovering moral truth in the classroom.     

Environmental and Spiritual Leadership: Tracing the Synergies from an Organizational Perspective

This article presents some synergies that appear to exist in the conceptualization of environmental and spiritual leadership. After some discussion of the contexts in which environmental and spiritual leadership have arisen, the author identifies some commonalities in the underpinning values and associated discourse adopted in the literature to describe these two concepts. Common values include notions of the common and social good, stewardship, sustainability, servanthood, calling, meaning, and connectedness. The article also draws attention to the way that historical and cultural factors have contributed to some overlapping in the conceptual development of spirit and environment. Finally, avenues for demonstrating and embedding both spiritual and environmental leadership into organizations are explored.     

强制分红对企业创新的负面影响

近年来出现的分红与再融资挂钩政策,不仅没有给股民带来多少即时收益,反而损害了企业与股民的长期利益：一方面分红给股民带来收入幻觉,其实真正的受益者是大股东与管理层;另一方面强制分红政策产生监管悖论,也不符合国际趋势。股民与企业的利益结合点在于企业的创新,强制分红损害了创新的可持续,从而损害彼此利益。停止强制分红、放权于市场才是正确选择。     

顾客主观知识对网络口碑的影响——基于社会认知理论视角

在社会认知理论中,网络环境、顾客认知和口碑行为之间的关系是辩证统一的。实证研究结果表明,顾客主观知识对网络正面/负面口碑呈显著的正向影响;社区参与自我效能感在两者间起部分中介和完全中介的作用;当网络社区是由企业创建时,社区参与自我效能感对正面口碑的影响比负面口碑更强烈,但当社区是由顾客创建时,社区参与自我效能感对正面和负面口碑的影响没有差别。企业应针对顾客主观知识的差异引导其进行网络口碑传播,在品牌社区中有意识地提高顾客社区参与自我效能感,利用不同的社区类型特点激发顾客的网络正面口碑。     

Business Ethics and Moral Motivation: A Criminological Perspective

The prevalence of white-collar crime casts a long shadow over discussions in business ethics. One of the effects that has been the development of a strong emphasis upon questions of moral motivation within the field. Often in business ethics, there is no real dispute about the content of our moral obligations, the question is rather how to motivate people to respect them. This is a question that has been studied quite extensively by criminologists as well, yet their research has had little impact on the reflections of business ethicists. In this article, I attempt to show how a criminological perspective can help to illuminate some traditional questions in business ethics. I begin by explaining why criminologists reject three of the most popular folk theories of criminal motivation. I go on to discuss a more satisfactory theory, involving the so-called “techniques of neutralization,” and its implications for business ethics.

中国保险公司治理研究:基于知识和创新的视角

中国保险公司治理的基本特征是"股东单边治理",本文基于知识和创新的视角指出,股东单边治理的根本缺陷在于无法对经理层进行有效的内部制衡和市场制衡,上述缺陷导致中国保险公司内部治理结构失衡.不同国家采用不同方式对股东单边治理缺陷进行弥补.通过理论推导和国外实践,本文指出中国保险公司治理发展只能走利益相关者内部治理主导模式.     

环境管制、环境效率与FDI——基于成本视角分析

环境管制和环境效率均从成本角度影响着FDI的流向,前者通过直接增加外资企业成本,降低投资东道国的环境成本优势,引致FDI外流;后者则直接通过减少非期望产出从而提高外商投资企业的环境成本优势。此外环境效率还通过减少污染物排放影响地区环境管制的强度,进而促使环境管制程度降低,间接影响FDI。本文试图在理论层面证明环境成本是决定外资企业是否转移的重要原因,从经验层面研究环境管制、环境效率对FDI的直接效应和间接效应,结果表明:从直接效应上看,环境管制的加强对FDI表现为消极影响,而环境效率提高则有利于吸引FDI;从间接效应上看,环境效率的提高通过降低环境管制强度间接有利于FDI流入,而这一效用以OLS、FGLS、FE和GMM等四种方法估计分别为0.03%,0.04%,0.04%和0.02%。