金融审批的架构思想与特殊需求实现

金融业务核心系统要具有很高的可用性、有效性和安全性,该系统建立在完备的多极审批模式基础上。金融作业要通过递进的审批流程,才能做到正确、完整和规范。系统架构师在搭建金融审批模式时,要充分考虑系统环境、子系统关系、需求变更及开发成本和周期等因素,使架构条理清晰、易于维护,并切实适用于所存在的金融业务核心系统。     

构建面向应用的网络架构

当前银行业现有网络架构在一定程度上已经不能适应金融业务的发展,其设计思想落后于行业网络应用架构的设计理念。随着业内业务规模的不断扩大,金融业务创新对IT信息系统的依赖程度也日益提高。同时,国际国内金融信息化建设理念日新月异,新的应用模式对IT网络架构也提出更高的要求。银行界业务应用系统的分类管理与IT网络架构面向应用的设计理念,逐渐建立起来。显而易见,网络架构作为IT基础架构,其稳定性、安全性、可用性、可扩展性,以及可管理性都极大地影响着IT平台的安全运行和金融业务发展。     

分布式数据库:金融行业关系型数据库新选择

数据库是金融行业各业务应用的核心资源,数据库的可用性和可扩展性一直是金融行业最为关注的问题。过去我们采用高端的设备,比如使用小型机和大型存储来保证数据库的可用性。在扩展性方面,主要通过增加CPU、内存、磁盘等方式提高处理能力。这种集中式架构,使得数据库逐渐成为整体系统的瓶颈,越来越不适应海量数据对计算能力的巨大需求。     

新一代核心银行系统的实施规划

核心银行系统是银行对外提供金融服务的平台，也是银行内部账务处理的中心。在银行的整体业务系统架构中，核心银行系统处在中央枢纽的关键位置。核心银行系统的重要性决定了其生命周期通常在5～10年以上，也就是说，核心银行系统的选择会影响银行未来5～10年的业务发展。因此，在银行准备更换核心银行系统之前，必须从银行长远战略的角度，     

中国农业银行省级分行实现双机同机房容灾备份

根据农行信息化建设的整体部署，近两年来，农行将建立全国大数据中心，实现全国业务的集中化处理。考虑到这一发展趋势以及省级IT架构的变化趋势，各省分行应采用有的放矢的原则建立省分行同机房存储设备的数据容灾备份方式，而无需投巨资建立业务连续性的容灾系统，即可确保省级客户数据的安全性，提高分行业务系统的整体可用性。     

商业银行业务信息系统性能测试策略研究

信息系统是现代商业银行开展业务的基石。信息系统的性能优劣直接影响了商业银行业务的可用性与稳定性。因此,性能测试是商业银行业务信息系统上线前不可或缺的关键环节。本文结合商业银行的业务特点,对商业银行业务信息系统性能测试策略进行了研究,对联机业务与批量业务的性能测试需求进行了分析,并提出业务、风险与技术相结合的商业银行业务信息系统性能测试策略。     

浅议数据库存在的风险及对策

数据库在应用系统中相当于数据信息全库，接受应用程序的指挥和调配。在未接到指令的情况下，数据库处于关闭状态。在办理金融业务，需要存储、查询、调用金融数据信息时，只要运行金融业务应用系统，打开数据库便可以满足业务需求。如果是在不同的地点办理相同的金融业务，只要是应用     

关于国有商业银行个人金融业务再造的思考

个人金融业务结构的调整和营销方式的转变是国有商业银行个人金融业务再造的两个主要内容，其中，个人理财业务是个人金融业务架构的核心，在对业务结构进行调整的同时，国有商业银行也要采取更为科学的营销方式，从而实现个人金融业务的迅速转变和发展。     

人民银行第二代支付系统对商业银行的影响

自2002年以来，人民银行相继建成了包括大额支付系统、小额支付系统和支票影像交换系统的第一代支付系统。第一代支付系统是中国支付清算网络体系的核心。近年来，我国经济快速发展，交易活动日益频繁，社会公众支付需求呈现出多样化发展态势，第一代支付系统业务功能和架构因此需要进一步改进和优化。     

银行计算机综合业务系统性能测试与分析

本针对银行计算机综合业务系统开发与运行过程中的性能测试与分析进行了描述，介绍了有关的软件测试的方法，着重描述了系统测试过程中的兼容性、安全性、可靠性等关键问题，以及压力测试、回归测试等专项概念和具体问题的测试策略，为系统的整体性能提供统计、分析和决策。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.