旅游企业社会责任对目的地形象及游客忠诚的影响研究

在旅游市场竞争日趋激烈的背景下,由旅游企业经营所引发的社会责任问题受到广泛关注,但学界关于旅游企业社会责任的影响研究还不够系统和深入.文章将旅游企业社会责任划分为6个方面,将目的地形象划分为认知形象和情感形象两个方面,并构建了旅游企业社会责任对目的地形象及游客忠诚的影响模型.实证研究表明,旅游企业社会责任在目的地形象及游客忠诚形成中发挥非常重要的作用,其中,经济责任、环境责任、游客责任、员工责任和法律责任对认知形象有正向影响,游客责任、员工责任和慈善责任对情感形象有正向影响;认知形象和情感形象不仅对游客忠诚产生直接影响,而且通过游客满意对游客忠诚产生间接作用.相比认知形象,情感形象对游客满意和忠诚的影响作用更大.     

Towards Assessing the Knowledge Gap in Medical Tourism

The medical tourism industry is a fast growing global niche market that generated $20 billion in income for destinations around the world. This study suggests and tests a mechanism to assess the medical tourism providers’ perceptions about the tourists’ perceived important product attributes when selecting a medical tourism destination. The results indicate that the various medical tourism providers groups do not vary in their perceptions regarding 24 important attributes of the medical tourism product and that they all agree that tourists perceive the medical variables to be more important than the tourism related variables. Using the Korean market for data collection, the study’s additional contribution is providing insights for Korean government agencies, operators of medical tourism hospitals, policymakers, and marketers.     

It's all in the recipe: How to increase domestic leisure tourists' experiential loyalty to local food

This study examines experiential loyalty in the context of local food consumption by domestic leisure tourists. A conceptual framework is developed to understand factors which increase tourists' propensity to exhibit experiential loyalty. Relationships between independent factors and the dependent variable of experiential loyalty are examined using a binary logistic regression model. The centrality of local food to tourists is the most important factor in increasing experiential loyalty, although cultural motivation and satisfaction are also predictors. The results provide insights for government and private tourism enterprises, with practical recommendations outlined.     

强关系网络移动社交平台旅游分享行为研究——基于微信与QQ用户的资料分析

在移动社交媒体时代,旅游分享已成为当下旅游者的行为偏好,越来越多的旅游者选择微信、QQ这类强关系移动社交平台进行分享。国内学界对移动社交平台旅游分享行为的研究随之日增,但少有文章从理论上系统地揭示旅游分享行为的过程与动因。文章采用扎根理论研究方法,构建反映强关系网络移动社交平台的旅游分享动态过程理论模型。将旅游分享行为动态过程划分为分享前因、分享实现与分享结果3个阶段,总结每个阶段的行为特征、表现方式及阶段之间的演替规律,并探讨这类旅游分享行为的特点与动因。研究发现,在旅游分享动机上,强关系移动社交平台强调情感联结与互动,从而旅游者受到与个体相关动机的影响更为显著;分享内容上,平台的强关系特性与熟人社交促使旅游者尽量避免分享负面信息;分享结果上,强关系移动社交平台的旅游分享能调节旅游者行中、行后的体验水平,并形成兼具网络时空拓展性与熟人圈规模局限性的口碑传播。     

旅游市场信息不对称与旅游者权益保护

旅游市场信息不对称是导致旅游权益受侵害的重要原因之一,要保护旅游者权益,应消除信息不对称现象,建立对旅游者的信息支持制度,信息支持制度包括规范旅游企业的信息提供行为,建立旅游者信息服务系统,提供旅游产品质量信息三方面。     

中国出境旅游变动趋势分析

为了把握中国作为新兴的全球旅游业重要出境客源地的发展前景和变动趋势，本文从出境旅游市场发展规模、决策类型和价格影响、目的地偏好、旅游方式、消费能力等方面作了详细的分析，并提出了相应建议。     

Aggravated fragmentation: A case study of SME behaviour in two emerging heritage tourism regions

This paper investigates the behaviour of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) within the heritage tourism supply chain (HTSC), in two emerging heritage regions. SMEs are conceptualised as implementers, working within the constraints of government level tourism structures and the heritage tourism supply chain. The research employs a case study approach, focusing on two emerging regions in Northern Ireland. In-depth interviews were carried out with small business owners and community associations operating within the regions. The research identifies SME dissatisfaction with the supply chain and the processes in place for the delivery of the tourism product. To overcome the perceived inadequacies of the heritage tourism supply chain SMEs engage in entrepreneurial behaviour by attempting to deliver specific products and services to meet the need of tourists. The challenge for tourism organisations is how they can integrate the entrepreneurial, innovative activities of SMEs into the heritage tourism system.     

旅游市场中的逆向选择和重复博弈——以海南旅游业为例

由于旅游服务产品质量的信息在游客和旅游企业之间的分布是不对称的,这就使得劣质旅游企业对优质旅游企业的逆向淘汰成为可能.本文以海南旅游业为例,分阶段对旅游市场中的逆向选择和重复博弈问题进行了探讨,系统论证了劣质市场均衡出现、维护和强化的条件和成因.     

The dynamics of tourism’s carbon footprint in Beijing,China

Abstract

Beijing is an important hub for global tourism, but the extent of tourism’s contribution to Beijing’s carbon footprint remains unclear. We integrated an environmentally extended multiregional input–output model and the tourism satellite account in a study to estimate the dynamics of Beijing’s tourism-related carbon footprint in the post-financial crisis period. Our findings indicate that from 2007 to 2012, whereas the carbon footprint of inbound tourists in Beijing steadily decreased, that of domestic tourists increased. The composition of carbon footprints for the consumption activities of inbound and domestic tourists differed substantially. We also traced the spatial distribution of carbon sources associated with tourism consumption in Beijing. In light of our findings, we offer recommendations to target the adoption of low-carbon consumption patterns by domestic tourists, and energy optimization of service suppliers by increasing energy use efficiency and the renewable energy ratio. In addition, we recommend that public and government should seek to lower energy costs and reduce carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of commodities. We conclude that the government and tourism authorities should actively promote carbon and wider environmental awareness, and that producers must seek to improve the efficiency of their energy use by reducing carbon emissions at source.     

An examination of the impact of green impressions by delegates toward a trade show

Sustainable tourism is now a commonly used phrase within the meetings, incentive travel, conventions, and exhibitions industry. Developed tourism destinations have broadly embraced responsible tourism while developing locations are increasingly giving the subject greater attention in order to compete and host meetings, incentive travel, conventions, and exhibitions events. The concept of “green meetings” has emerged in line with the global trend of conservation to offset and prevent further environmental destruction and pollution. Examining an inaugural trade show in Macao, this article investigates the role of green perceptions in influencing visitor participation and future intentions. With most delegates well informed on the concept of environmental protection, findings showed green practices at the trade show would influence their revisit decision and provide positive word-of-mouth referral. There is a lack of initiative in Macao to go green due to an absence of green guidelines and stewardship from the government. Macao's meetings, incentive travel, conventions, and exhibitions industry remains entrenched and underdeveloped vastly eclipsed by its gaming industry with increasing sentiment from the Chinese authorities for Macao to diversify tourism. Importantly this research on trade delegates identifies that integrating green and responsible actions could be key influencers. A green template is presented for consideration by the Macao meetings, incentive travel, conventions, and exhibitions sector as a crucial part of future strategy to advance meetings, incentive travel, conventions, and exhibitions.     

Tourism development and resistance in China

In 2013, the Dong villagers of Zhaoxing in Guizhou province expelled a Han-managed tourism company from their community and from their tourist enterprises. Far from being passive and homogeneous, ethnographic data reveal ethnic populations negotiate tourism development in a variety of ways. Using concepts of livelihood, resistance, agency and ethnicity, this article reveals: villagers responded to tourism development differently according to their livelihood strategies; villagers sided with local authorities of their own ethnic group in order to resist Han-led higher levels of government and villagers responded to non-local stakeholders’ infringement rather than to the presence of tourists. These findings point to the necessity of detailed ethnographic case studies to understand the context within which tourism development occurs in China.     

我国邮轮旅游产业发展对策研究

我国正处在大力发展邮轮旅游产业的历史时期.文章通过分析世界邮轮旅游的现状,剖析我国邮轮旅游产业的特点及发展中存在的问题,旨在提出推动我国邮轮旅游发展的对策和建议.文章认为,邮轮旅游业的发展在宏观方面需要政府在制定政策体系、强化管理机制、培育引导市场主体、制定统一规划、引导游客等方面有所加强,才能够引导邮轮旅游业在发展能力和质量上上一个新的台阶.     

Carrying capacity analysis and destination development: a case study of Gangotri tourists/pilgrims’ circuit in the Himalaya

The Himalaya has numerous natural, cultural, aesthetic, and adventurer tourists/pilgrims’ destinations, which are the major source of income and employment to the local people and revenue generation to the government. Meanwhile, tourism carrying capacity of these destinations is poor and thus tourism development could not take shape. This article examines carrying capacity and destination development of the Gangotri tourists/pilgrims’ circuit, which is also known as Gangotri eco-sensitive zone. We conducted this study using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, in which we collected data on tourists/pilgrims flow, accommodation, transportation, and infrastructural facilities. Primary data were collected through interview of 160 persons of 8 tourists/pilgrims centres who are involved in tourism activities. Further, we employed a participatory observation method after an extensive visit of Gangotri tourisms/pilgrims circuit in January 2017. Secondary data were collected from the Uttarakhand Tourism Development Board, Dehradun. We used correlation and rank method and analysed infrastructural facilities, carrying capacity dimensions, proposed destination development model for the circuit, and observed that a sustainable tourism development may enhance economic activities such as income generation and employment augmentation as the whole circuit obtains natural, cultural, and aesthetic importance.     

Conflicting preferences among tourists and residents

In this paper we present the results of a choice modelling (CM) experiment designed to estimate preferences of residents and tourists in Alghero, Sardinia (Italy). In 2004 Sardinia’s regional government introduced a set of reforms on coastal development and environmental protection that had important consequences for the tourism industry. The CM experiment took place in 2006, and aimed to study both resident’s and tourists’ preferences regarding the 2004 reform and other tourist development alternatives. We also assess the hypothesis that the perceived social and environmental effects of tourism differ among classes of respondents. The analysis indicates that there are conflicting preferences within the host community as well as between the host community and tourists. This creates a mismatch between residents’ supply and tourists’ demand of recreational services that needs to be addressed to promote the best tourist development strategy. It also shows that the 2004 reform is not such an effective strategy as it matches neither resident’s nor tourists’ preferences.     

北京冬奥会绿色低碳技术应用及其对低碳旅游的启示

北京冬奥会是中国提出"双碳"目标后的首个大型国际体育赛事,绿色办奥是北京冬奥会的举办理念之一。本文采用文献资料法和案例分析法,以北京冬奥会中碳减排技术与碳中和措施为研究导向,挖掘北京冬奥会绿色低碳技术的应用情况与经验,以及对低碳旅游发展的启示。研究表明：（1）北京冬奥会以"双碳"目标、可持续性理念与"两山"理论为指引,将碳减排技术与碳中和措施贯彻到赛前、赛时、赛后利用的全过程,为绿色低碳技术的转化与应用提供参考,并取得良好的社会效益、生态效益与经济效益。（2）北京冬奥会绿色低碳技术的应用对低碳旅游的可持续发展具有借鉴意义,本文从科学选址旅游项目、制定低碳旅游标准、高效利用现有设施、构建低碳能源体系、建立低碳交通体系、打造低碳产品体系、构建碳中和机制、鼓励游客绿色消费八个维度探讨低碳旅游发展的现实路径。     

Sustainability indicators for festival tourism: A multi-stakeholder perspective

To assist the assessment of sustainable festival tourism, this study develops sustainability indictors for festival tourism by including perspectives from four stakeholders: tourists, local residents, business owners, and government agencies. Using the Delphi technique, a panel of 15 tourism experts identified evaluation indicators from the literature. The experts reached consensus on 20 indicators: tourists (four indicators), local residents (four indicators), government agencies (six indicators), and business owners (six indicators). An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was conducted to calculate the relative weight of each indicator. Experts placed the greatest importance on tourists (0.4015) then on local residents (0.3275) followed by governmental agencies (0.1605) and business owners (0.1105) in order.     

行为地理与城市旅游线路设计--以苏州一日游线路设计为例

行为地理学在研究人们的空间行为时强调个人之间的差异。旅游产品消费过程得到的效用满足也是以个体来衡量的。由于旅游线路是旅游产品之一，因此旅游产业的发展趋势是设计更多的旅游线路产品，以满足不同消费者的旅游需要。本文以苏州客调查资料为基础，并设计了显示旅游群体线路选择差异性的指标TRDI，通过计算苏州城市旅游中，不同年龄、不同受教育程度、不同职业人群的TRDI，分析不同群体旅游线路选择的多样性差异。而后提出中现尺度上旅游线路设计的基本理念及评价方法，从而为旅游业经营单位设计旅游线路和旅游者选择适当的旅游线路产品提出建设性的方案。     

对旅游企业间动态合作的协调机制研究

文章从旅游企业运营及其价值实现的特点出发,结合我国旅游企业发展的实际,从企业价值链生成和群体进化的生态理性研究视角,对旅游企业间动态合作的内生机理进行揭示.在此基础上,运用协调博弈的相关理论,对企业间实现动态合作的协调机制进行构建;最后从政府、企业和市场三个层面提出了相应策略.     

旅游公共服务的理论认知与实践判断——兼与李爽商榷

在中国旅游市场呈现出大众化、散客化、常态化的新趋势下,旅游公共服务体系成为影响游客满意度和目的地竞争力的关键因素。由于旅游业在中国长期被作为高度市场化的经济产业看待,人们对旅游公共服务体系建设的依据和重要性缺乏认识,因而在理论研究和实践探索中均出现不少问题。文章检视了已有研究对于旅游公共服务理论认知的相关论点,着力分析了李爽等的旅游公共服务论所存在的核心概念认知矛盾、理论理解和实践判断偏差问题。在此基础上提出了笔者对于旅游公共服务的理论认知,从5个W和1个H的角度阐述了旅游公共服务的内涵、外延、属性、服务的对象与供给主体、供给机制与时空条件。文章认为,旅游公共服务的主体内容体现为旅游基础设施、目的地推广、旅游权益保障三大方面;其本质是公益性服务,服务供给机制和方式的多元化并不等同于责任提供主体的多元化;旅游者的共同需求和目的地公共利益的性质及其客观存在,决定了旅游并非纯粹市场化领域,政府提供旅游公共服务是正当的,也是应该的。当下中国旅游公共服务的主要问题不是过多,而是欠缺与低效并存。旅游行政部门虽然承担着最大、最多的公共服务职能,但对这一职能的性质、内容和功效的认识并不到位,与旅游者的期望和需求还有较大距离。     

投资战略、治理机制与旅游企业融资成本

中国旅游企业普遍存在融资难、融资成本偏高问题,这严重影响了旅游企业的生存、发展与扩张。为此,迫切需要科学探究旅游企业融资成本的影响因素,并采取相应治理措施以降低融资成本。文章以公司治理视角为切入点,立足于旅游业区别于其他行业的特殊性,利用我国旅游上市公司的财务统计数据,实证检验了旅游经营环境、旅游企业投资战略、治理机制对融资成本的影响效应。研究结果表明:旅游企业债务融资成本小于股权融资成本,旅游企业应充分利用经营权和用地使用权质押贷款等多元化债务融资方式。投资战略方面,旅游需求波动性和非旅游相关多元化战略会提高融资成本,旅游企业投资方向应为相关多元化/并购,投资项目应能降低旅游收益波动性。治理机制方面,信息披露与法律保护机制能降低融资成本,股权结构与融资成本存在倒"U"形关系,而高管激励机制则会提高融资成本,旅游企业应建立科学的股权结构和董事会治理机制,构建多层次高管薪酬体系和信息披露制度,完善品牌投资战略以实现品牌质押融资。