北京饮用水源保护的实践与思考

密云、怀柔水库是北京城市、生活用水的重要水源，饮用水源保护是北京市城市总体建设的重要组成部分，本文通过分析饮用水源保护区的自然、地理、经济条件，回顾总结过去实施饮用水源保护的有效措施，提出了面向21世纪，加大饮用水源保护的具体措施和重点。     

针对水源保护区道路特殊设计

水源保护区为道路建设中的重要敏感点，除一级水源保护区内不能建设道路工程外二级水源保护区也对道路建设提出了较为严格的要求。道路在选线设计时以绕避为主，如果由于特殊原因无法绕避二级水源保护区时，则需采取特殊的工程方案及保护措施。本文主要是对高速公路穿越二级水源保护区时的路线方案选线设计及工程措施的初步探讨。     

论广西农村饮用水源法治与习惯法的互动

广西是我国水资源大省,但由于农村饮用水源面临的法治困境,农村群众面临严重饮水困难。然而,这里的各民族群众在长期的社会生活中自发地形成了一套丰富的保护饮水源的习惯法,这些习惯法包括了对饮用水源水量和水质的保护内容。文章试图构建广西农村饮用水源法治与习惯法的良好互动,以期更好地保护广西农村饮用水源的安全。     

水源保护区生态补偿机制运行的影响因素——以北京市密云水库为例

在文献梳理、实地调研和专家咨询的基础上,综合运用扎根理论和解释结构方程,构建了密云水库水源保护区生态补偿机制影响因素的多级梯阶有向结构模型。分析结果表明:补偿方式、补偿途径、保护者的受偿需求和生态补偿的相关法律法规,是影响密云水库水源保护区生态补偿机制运行的核心因素;公众对优质水源的需求是最基层因素;各影响因素之间存在梯阶层次关系。     

让群众喝上放心水——江门市饮水安全保障工作侧记

“棠下镇饮用水源保护区”、“古井镇饮用水源保护区”、“罗坑镇饮用水源保护区”……一块块醒目的标志牌警示人们呵护那一汪汪生命之水。     

湖北巴东：饮用水源地保护有招可循

理顺部门职责分工。合理规划城区饮用水源保护区,科学制定饮用水源污染事故应急预案。出台巴东县城区饮用水源保护区管理办法,在饮用水源保护区内设立醒目标志牌。明确城建、水利、卫生、农业、林业、环保等部门及所在乡镇的职责,使城区饮用水源地保护工作纳入正规化管理轨道。     

试论广西农村饮用水源社区保护制度的构建

农村饮用水源安全是农村饮水安全工作的核心。本文通过分析广西壮族自治区农村饮用水源保护面临的法治困境,提出了构建具有地方特色的农村饮用水源社区保护制度是解决其困境的有效途径,通过在立法上对农村基层组织的赋权,优化农村饮用水源社区的内外部环境等以提高其在保护广西农村饮用水源上的有效性。     

简◆讯

环保部：城镇集中式饮用水源近1／5不达标 首次“全国饮用水源保护工作会议”近日在沈阳举行。环境保护部副部长张力军在会上强调，有效削减进入饮用水源地的污染物，是饮用水源保护的主要任务。各地要以重金属污染防治为重点，严格排查治理高风险污染源。会议指出，目前饮用水源环境安全保障形势依然十分严峻。除了突发事件频发之外，全国城镇集中式饮用水源近1／5不达标，超标水源影响9000多万人口。     

大理洱源生态文明建设的经验与启示——民族地区水源保护区生态文明建设思考与探索

洱源县坚持"洱源净,洱海清,大理兴"的理念,在经济社会发展中突出生态优先,不断加强环境保护和生态建设,使保护环境与经济增长并重,时刻把加强环境保护作为调整经济结构、转变经济增长方式的主要手段,在保护中求发展;使环境保护与经济发展同步,时刻坚持生态效益、经济效益和社会效益相统一,以生态效益带动和统领经济效益和社会效益,在发展中保护。成功实现了保护环境、发展经济和推动生态文明建设的良性互动,不仅积累了经验,而且为民族地区水源保护区生态文明建设提供了借鉴。     

浅谈水源热泵技术

水源热泵是水源热泵是利用地球水所储藏的太阳能资源作为冷、热源，进行转换的空调技术。水源热泵利用可再生能源，高效节能，运行稳定可靠，获得国家政策性支持。但是其受水源条件及水层的地理结构和投资经济性等的制约。目前，水源热泵系统在国内外的应用日益广泛，潜在着广阔的发展市场。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.     

Is wealth found in the soil or in the brain? Investing in farm people in Malawi

Should a typical developing country invest more in agriculture or education? At what stage of development is it optimal to invest more in each of these sectors? These are important questions that governments of developing countries grapple with when designing investment plans. In this paper, I propose a soil–human capital conceptual framework of development and use it to explain estimates of agricultural returns to schooling in Malawi. I use panel survey data for Malawi and rely on the exogenous education policy changes and spatial variation in access to schooling to identify effects of schooling on agricultural incomes. In addition, I correct for selection into income activities within a panel data and instrumental variables estimation framework. I find annual agricultural returns to schooling in Malawi of 3%–4% after correcting for selection and unobserved heterogeneity and 7% in the uncorrected specifications. I also find consistently higher returns to schooling in the nonagricultural sector for those not living in the village of birth and higher returns in the agricultural sector for those living in the village of birth. Given the size of the farm sector, wealth in Malawi is still in the soil, but that future growth in wealth depends on human capital investments.     

2010年黑龙江省宏观经济展望

受世界金融危机的影响,从2008年下半年起黑龙江省经济持续走低,2009年一季度跌入谷底。2009年前三季度,在国家扩大内需的政策刺激下,黑龙江省经济企稳回升,但经济运行中还存在出口下滑、物价水平较低等问题,经济下行的压力仍然存在,经济持续回升的基础尚待巩固。展望2010年,国家将继续实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,随着政策效应的逐步释放,内需对经济的拉动作用仍将十分强劲,另外,随着世界经济的复苏,黑龙江省外贸形势也将逐渐好转,在＂投资、消费、出口＂这三驾马车的共同作用下,2010年黑龙江省经济将步入全面复苏通道。     

Gender Differences in Time-Poverty in Rural Mozambique

Based on time-use data from a 2013 primary household survey, this study examines the nature and extent of time-poverty experienced by men and women in peasant households in Mozambique. The main findings indicate that while women's labor allocation to economic activities is comparable to that of men, household chores and care work are almost entirely women's responsibility. The heavy burden of responsibilities leave women significantly time-poorer compared to men. Women's time-poverty worsens when the burden of simultaneous care work is taken into account. In addition, due to multitasking, the work tends to be more taxing. The examination of determinants of time-poverty shows that common measures of individual economic power, such as assets and education, do not necessarily affect the time-poverty faced by women.     

Agricultural Roots in Intergenerational Transfers in China

Economists have been interested in the motivations of intergenerational transfers, for different motivations affect the effectiveness of anti-poverty public transfers. However, one’s motivation is largely shaped by culture and social conventions. This paper sheds light on the influence of rice cultivation in intergenerational transfers in China. This is also the first time that economists consider cultural factors in the study of intergenerational transfers. Cultivating rice requires elaborate irrigation systems and large amounts of labor input so that rice farmers have to cooperate extensively with their neighbors, which has gradually shaped people’s value to be more inter-dependent. Based on micro-level data from CHARLS and sub-national rice data from China, our empirical results show strong evidence that individuals from rice regions are more likely to provide economic support for their parents. A one-percentage point increase in the share of rice in the total grain planting area will raise transfer incidence by 0.2–0.4 percentage points, and rice region residents transfer on average 300–400 yuan more in 2011 and about 1,000 yuan more in 2013 to their parents than those from wheat regions. Meanwhile they are more inclined to rely on their adult children for elderly support. Urban citizens are less affected. Using instrumental variable estimation, we are able to prove the effect is causal. With future continued deepening of population aging in China, relying on children for old age support may become more and more unrealistic, the government needs to coordinate the relationship between public transfer and private transfer to ensure the quality of life for the elderly.     

Trade-offs in sulfur emission trading in Europe

How to implement emission trading is one question in the current negotiations on a new sulfur protocol in Europe. Whereas the current protocol stipulates a 30 percent uniform reduction, national emission ceilings included in the proposed new protocol imply differentiated reductions. In addition, emission and fuel standards are proposed. This paper examines the costs and environmental impacts of emission trading. Emission trading combined with regulations is a new element in the paper. Calculations using the RAINS (Regional Acidification INformation and Simulation) model suggest that overlaying emission trading on regulations not only reduces the cost savings but has beneficial impacts as well: ecosystem protection is not changed and significant decreases in environmental benefits for countries are largely avoided. Emission trading can also be used to decrease emissions and increase ecosystem protection. If combined with existing legislation, emission trading minimizes losses in expected environmental benefits for some countries, and most countries gain. However, the initial distribution of emission ceilings has to be used so that some countries are not confronted with higher costs. Trade-offs appear to exist between the use of emission trading to achieve cost savings on the one hand, and ecosystem protection and distributional equity on the other.