我国大宗淡水鱼养殖的基本特征、主要问题及对策

基于国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系30个综合试验站获取的182个养殖户调查数据,从养殖户视角归纳出中国大宗淡水鱼养殖基本特征。当前大宗淡水鱼养殖以池塘为主要养殖水域,不同水域间家庭养殖规模和成本收益有明显差异,以中等学历中年男性专职养殖户为主力军,生产要素投入是饲料最费钱和捕捞最耗工。"以养为主"发展战略推动了大宗淡水鱼产业发展,但良种繁育、技术培训和信息服务仍存在供需缺口,养殖户仍偏重加注新水传统方式去调节水质,还欠缺饲料精确投喂技术和病害防治知识,而且池塘简陋老化及养殖配套设施保障不足。最后,论文针对当前大宗淡水鱼养殖存在问题提出相应建议。     

淡水鱼饲料配制中的两个问题

淡水鱼养殖是我国水产养殖业的主体，随着投饵精养模式的普及和推广，淡水鱼饲料的开发也越来越重要。而优质高效的饲料应该是在满足养殖鱼类的营养需要和降低饲料成本之间取得平衡的结果。本文拟结合淡水鱼类营养原理就淡水鱼饲料配制中的若干问题作一简单阐述。     

草鱼“富养”造成的病害防范技术措施

<正>草鱼是当前主要养殖经济鱼类,由于其生长速度快且养殖技术简单,是淡水鱼消费主要种类之一。随着全价配合饲料在养殖中的普及应用,以高产精养草鱼为主养殖面积越来越普遍,养殖户大量投喂配合饲料从而达到高产高效的目的,这种"富养"草鱼养殖方式主要存在以下问题。     

帮你算算养殖成本账

近年来,由于养殖业处于微利时代,在饲料价格只涨不降、养殖产品只降不涨的情况下,许多养殖户往往一味追求饲料的低成本,形成饲料成本低而卖出的产品仍然赔钱的局面。这是因为养殖户把饲料成本等同于饲养成本带来的不利因素。那么养殖户该怎样走出这种误区,真正实现养殖高效收入呢?一、饲料成本不等于饲养成本。养殖户在日常饲养管理中,饲料费用开支是经常性的,而疾病防治和人工费用等开支是间断性和偶然性的,所以前者比较容易受到重视,后者则常常被忽视。其实,饲料成本是由配方成本、各种原料成本、加工成本和损耗折价等几个方面组成。配方…     

饲料系数、饲料价格与水产养殖经济效益的关系

<正> 水产配合饲料养殖给水产养殖业带来了一场深刻的变革,无论是从养殖观念、养殖结构的调整、管理方式等都发生了巨大的变化。但是,随着养殖规模的扩大、养殖产量的大幅度的提高,水产品市场价格却持续下滑,水产养殖效益逐渐趋向微利甚至亏损,挫伤了养殖户的积极性。在此背景下,许多养殖户盲目地选用低价格的饲料,以为低价格饲料会降低养殖成本,获取较高的经济效益,但是许多     

值得推广的养殖新品种河鲈鱼

正近年来,随着我国淡水鱼养殖业的发展,常见淡水鱼养殖的利润空间越来越小,新品种的开发越来越受到养殖户的重视,调整养殖结构,优化养殖品种,对增加养殖户收入具有重要意义,下面我们给大家介绍淡水池塘养殖的一个名贵品种河鲈鱼。一、河鲈的营养价值河鲈肉质鲜嫩,爽滑少刺,具有丰富的营养价值,富含人体必需的氨基酸,肉蛋白质含量很高,     

发展休闲垂钓应把好六关

随着近几年饲料上涨，而一些大宗淡水鱼类的价格没涨多少，还存在销售难的问题，但随着人们的生活条件提高悄然兴起休闲垂钓渔业，经过几年的研究积累了一些提高发展休闲垂钓渔业养殖效益的经验，供广大养殖户借鉴参考。     

不同规模淡水鱼养殖投入产出比较分析——基于淡水鱼养殖成本收益面板数据的实证研究

淡水鱼养殖在我国水产业中占有非常重要的地位,深人研究淡水鱼养殖的投人产出情况具有重要意义。本文利用历年全国农产品成本收益资料汇编数据对不同规模养殖户——规模户和一般户的投入产出进行比较和经验验证,分析结果表明：淡水鱼单位面积养殖产值由资本、劳动力和技术进步决定;资本和技术对规模户的促进作用要高于一般户,而劳动力对一般户的单位面积产值具有明显的正面影响。     

怎样改造低产老化鱼池为高效特种养殖池塘

<正> 长期以来,不少水产养殖户由于忽视鱼池的清整,池坡倒塌严重,淤泥沉积逐年增加。一般池塘的淤泥都在50至—00厘米之间,使池塘变浅,载水量下降,鱼类活动空间缩小。从而使池塘的生态条件恶化,疾病加重,出现死鱼泛塘现象,成鱼产量下降。据专家调查论证,目前特种水产养殖与淡水鱼类养殖相比,淡水鱼类的每667m~2效果远远不及特种水产养殖的效益。为了发展特种水产,调整养殖结构,笔者特向有关养殖户介绍两     

草鱼青饲料与配合饲料相结合养殖模式示范试验

正草鱼为福建省顺昌县传统大宗淡水鱼类养殖品种,为了提高养殖效益,2011年~2013年,福州综合试验站顺昌示范县开展了草鱼青饲料与配合饲料相结合养殖模式示范试验,从饲料结构、水质调节和病害防治等方面改进技术,经三年的示范,取得了年均产量630.85kg/亩、产值6054.67元/亩、利润2643.27元     

国土资源与可持续发展

今天 ,我向大家介绍一下我国国土资源的有关情况 ,并与大家一起学习中央关于国土资源管理的重要指示精神。我的介绍分为三个部分 :一是对国土资源重要地位和作用的认识 ;二是对国土资源面临严峻形势的分析 ;三是保护和合理利用国土资源的对策。一、国土资源的重要地位和作用自然资源包括土地资源、矿产资源、海洋资源、水资源、森林资源、草原资源、生物资源、气候资源、能源资源及自然景观旅游资源等十多种。社会生产离不开资源 ,无论生产创造的财富属于哪一个门类 ,其起始点都必定是自然资源。任何一个国家 ,其经济发展的规模、速度以及稳…     

国土资源科技进步与可持续发展

本文探讨了国土资源科技进步与可持续发展的关系 ,科技进步实现我国现阶段可持续发展的途径 ,对可持续发展的未来进行了展望 ,并提出了若干结论和建议。     

保障抗震救灾粮油质量安全的实践与体会

<正>"5·12"特大地震,给四川省粮食系统造成了重大人员伤亡和巨额经济损失,全省21个市州、148个县(市、区)、618个企业遭受了不同程度的破坏和损失,造成的直接和间接经济损失达到140亿     

农产品质量安全与检测技术的发展及应用

近年来,随着人们对农产品质量安全管理工作的关注度持续提升,相关安全质量检测技术得到高效发展,目前已经广泛应用于行业检测工作中,同时获得了可观的效果。基于此,本文围绕农产品质检技术展开研究,阐述其具体内容,针对农产品质量安全检测技术发展现状进行分析,提出新时期农产品质检技术优化策略,总结了农产品质检技术应用措施,并对相关技术的发展进行探索。     

江苏省地质环境管理改革发展的目标与路径

江苏省现阶段的主要地质环境问题是由自然因素和人为因素造成和引发的。多年来,江苏省地质环境管理取得了很大成绩,但也存在不少问题。新时期加强地质环境管理要根据江苏省的实际,不断深化认识,健全法制,明确责任,突出重点,拓宽地质环境管理思路;要从政府、企业和社会三方面着手,构建保障社会科学发展的地质环境管理新机制,全面推进地质环境管理改革,为江苏省现代化建设"两个率先"的宏伟目标服务。     

Similarities and dissimilarities between the EU agricultural and rural development model and Romanian agriculture. Challenges and perspectives

The main aims of this study are to highlight the differences and the similarities between the European model of agricultural and rural development, and the state of play in the Romanian agricultural sector. Statistically speaking, the agricultural sector's indicators of the past two decades place Romania outside the family picture of the EU countries, with very slight resemblances, and very strong discrepancies between their economic, technical, and institutional characteristics. At present, competition-wise, farming and farmers in Romania are still strongly disfavoured in relation to their competitors in the old EU Member States. In Romania, the economic and institutional mechanisms have most often been devised to the disadvantage of agricultural production, by claiming that subsistence farming would be the sustainable way, and by channelling the added value to other sectors. An option to continue the agricultural policies of the past decades and to abandon the national support lent to agriculture would be particularly risky through its unpredictable and incalculable social and economic effects.     

Land use planning and health and well-being

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the planning of settlements and health. It gives a brief introduction to the issues before summarising the evidence in relation to a range of topics, concluding with some more speculative thoughts on likely future findings.Modern planning was invented in response to inhumane living conditions in 19th century cities. But in the last century the connection was lost. Only now, with concerns over climate change and obesity, is there beginning to be the realisation that the physical environment is an important determinant of health.The paper uses a particular model of this relationship based on eco-system and health determinants theories to structure the review of evidence. The review covers: lifestyle choices in relation to physical activity and diet, mental well-being and community, the local economy and income, health inequalities and strategic land use transport planning, pollution and urban form, and finally impacts on global ecology.There is now a growing consensus that while personal factors are critical in determining health, the urban environment exacerbates or mitigates health and well-being outcomes.The level of active travel (walking and cycling) and outdoor recreational activity is strongly affected by accessibility to local facilities. Access to green, natural environments, and to local social networks, are factors in mental well-being. The wider sub-regional pattern of housing, economic development, land use and transport is a determinant of social exclusion and therefore health inequalities. It also affects health-damaging pollution, adaptability in the face of climate change and the level of carbon dioxide emissions.We have literally been building unhealthy conditions into many of our towns and cities. But comparisons with the best cities in Europe indicate that it is possible to reverse the less desirable trends. Success depends, however, on more radical policies of local authority control over land and finance than any political party has yet advocated. It also requires collaboration between the full range of powerful public and private organizations that influence the built environment.Future research is likely to further strengthen these conclusions. It will become much more obvious that planning for health and well-being is not only the NHS, but about creating a health-promoting physical, social and economic environment.