THE INFORMATION CONTENT OF DIVIDEND CHANGES

In this study, the open empirical question as to whether or not dividends contain information is investigated. The study involves 200 stocks and 376 dividend announcements over the 1971 to 1977 period; measures of unexpected dividends are related to measures of abnormal returns for dividend changing stocks. This study is important for three reasons:

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THE PRICING OF OPTIONS WITH STOCHASTIC DIVIDEND YIELD

A formula is derived in discrete time for pricing options when the underlying stock has a stochastic dividend yield. The result implies that regarding the dividend yield as certain when it is not results in misestimation of the variance of the underlying stock. Comparative statics indicate that this adjustment could diminish a bias of the Black-Scholes model. This model systematically underprices deep-out-of-the-money options. A numerical example demonstrates that this stochastic adjustment may be more important for longer-lived options and warrants.     

THE EFFECTS OF THE ANNOUNCEMENTS OF DIVIDEND INCREASES ON STOCK RETURN VOLATILITY: THE EVIDENCE FROM THE OPTIONS MARKET

This paper examines the impact of the announcements of dividend increases on the volatility of underlying stock returns implied by option prices, and analyses whether the impact is related to the label associated with the dividend increase. The results suggest that the announcements of labelled dividend increases are accompanied by a decrease in implied volatility, while the announcements of unlabelled increases in dividends are associated with no change in implied volatility. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that signal implicit in the announcements of dividend increases provides noisy information about the firm's volatility.     

THE COST OF EQUITY UNDER THE AUSTRALIAN DIVIDEND IMPUTATION TAX SYSTEM

This paper derives a Capital Asset Pricing Model (“CAPM”) in the context of the Australian dividend imputation tax system. The effect of dividend imputation on the estimated risk premium is discussed. The structure and implications of the derived CAPM are also examined.     

INSIDER TRADING: THE CASE AGAINST THE "VICTIMLESS CRIME" HYPOTHESIS

This paper challenges the long held hypothesis that insider trading is a victimless crime. Using utility maximization analysis, the author examines both the good news and bad news cases. Injury is demonstrated. Separability of the insider's trade from the insider's information monopoly is also examined utilizing the generally accepted market structure analysis. Separability is rejected.     

THE DIVIDEND PAYOUTS OF PRIVATE FIRMS: EVIDENCE FROM TAX COURT DECISIONS

To study the dividend payouts of private firms we extend the agency cost/external financing cost trade-off model of dividend payouts to include the accumulated earnings tax (AET). The firm's optimal dividend policy trades off the benefits from lower agency costs against external financing costs and the AET. Information from tax court records reveals that private firms' payouts are influenced by both agency costs and the AET.     

THE ADOPTION OF NEW-ISSUE DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLANS AND SHAREHOLDER WEALTH

This study examines security price reactions to the adoption of new-issue dividend reinvestment plans. The sample is broken down into three subsamples: nonutilities, utilities adopting plans prior to May 1981, and utilities adopting plans after July 1981. For the nonutility corporations, no significant market reaction is observed. The utilities adopting prior to the change in the tax law experience a negative reaction the day following registration for the plan. Corporations adopting after July 1981, whose dividends receive preferential tax treatment, experience abnormal returns significantly greater than those of the utilities without preferential tax treatment.     

世界银行：怎样跟上世界脚步

“我很荣幸就任世界银行行长。我就任之际正值全球经济处于关键时刻,也是世界银行作为一个机构的决定性时刻。我今后五年的一项重要责任将是确保世行的独特优势与过渡转型中的世界保持一致。”7月1日,韩裔美籍医学专家金墉接替卸任的前行长罗伯特·佐利克,成为世界银行的第12任行长。就任第一天,金墉发表的这一声明成为世界银行向世界的一种表态。     

CONSIDERING DIVIDEND STABILITY IN THE RELATION BETWEEN DIVIDEND YIELDS AND STOCK RETURNS

Previous studies show that firms with long records of paying stable dividends are unique. However, research on the relation between dividend yields and stock returns focuses on shorter-term dividend yield measures without considering long-term dividend stability. This article shows that high-yield stocks are not in fact homogeneous, but that stocks with high yields and stable dividends behave differently from stocks with only a high yield. These differences persist even after controlling for firm size, the January effect, and systematic risk, suggesting distinctive risk characteristics for stocks with both high yields and stable dividends.     

THE INTEGRATION OF EUROPEAN STOCK MARKETS: THE CASE OF THE BANKS

This paper presents an analysis of the degree of integration in the security market for European banks' stock using daily data for the period 30th November, 1987-28th October, 1988. In particular we study eight banks located in four European states, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Some degree of integration might be expected to be present as a consequence of a common regulatory regime incorporated in the Second European Banking Directive and common capital adequacy requirements. We find strong evidence that a high degree of integration does exist, at least amongst EC states. This suggests that the benefits claimed for capital market deregulation, with its associated 'convergence criteria' requirements, may already be being enjoyed by EC states.