艾滋病与经济

导论 迄今为止,全球已有2200多万人死于艾滋病,仅2000年就有300万名患者死亡.目前,全球有3600万名艾滋病病毒携带者,而非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南地区是艾滋病感染最严重的地区;此外,亚洲和东欧也是艾滋病迅速扩展的地区.由于缺乏有效的疫苗和防治措施,更多的死亡是不可避免的.     

艾滋病与经济

导论 迄今为止,全球已有2200多万人死于艾滋病,仅2000年就有300万名患者死亡.目前,全球有3600万名艾滋病病毒携带者,而非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南地区是艾滋病感染最严重的地区;此外,亚洲和东欧也是艾滋病迅速扩展的地区.由于缺乏有效的疫苗和防治措施,更多的死亡是不可避免的.     

MORE FINANCIAL Aids Needed

Weeks have past since the outbreak of May 12 Earthquake in southwest China＇s Sichuan province.With the possibility for the missing to survive becoming increasingly remote,more importance should be attached to the resettlement of quake-affected people, restoration of production and reconstruction, while efforts to search for survivors should continue.     

Self-regulation,Co-regulation and the Audio-Visual Media Services Directive

This paper criticises the use of the concepts of self-regulation and command and control regulation as simplistic and often having a political function. They neglect the fact that there is a continuum of different types of regulation; they represent extremes rarely found in the real world. Moreover, regulatory regimes will be comprised of a cocktail of different regulatory approaches. The developing concept of co-regulation is likely to be more productive. It is unhelpful to attempt to draw up restrictive definitions of different types of regulation; it is much more important to assess them through the application of normative principles, including those relating to procedures, accountability, and enforcement of rights. The drafting of the Audio-Visual Media Services Directive initially made the mistake of using the narrow definitions of co- and self-regulation contained in the Interinstitutional Agreement on Better Law-Making, but amendments during the Parliamentary process have resulted in a more flexible approach better adopted to the recognition of existing co-regulatory regimes.

Framing Effects in Risk Perceptions of Aids

This paper examines a boundary condition of the ease-of-retrieval effect shown to affect risk perceptions of AIDS (Raghubir and Menon 1998; R&M). R&M had shown that when AIDS-related behaviors were difficult (vs. easy) to recall, people reduced their estimates of contracting AIDS, based on an inference that the more difficult an item was to recall, the smaller the population of behavioral experiences in memory, from which it was drawn. In this paper, we show that when people can attribute recall difficulty to task contingencies (i.e., the difficulty is not informative about their own behavioral experience), the content of the information recalled from memory, rather than the ease with which such information was recalled, affects judgments. In such a scenario, framing the recall task as one that causes AIDS leads to perceptions of higher risk versus one that prevents AIDS. Theoretically, these results show that the use of information accessibility as a cue is based on inferences about the population from which the information is drawn. Managerially, the results suggest that risk perceptions are based on contextual cues that affect content and accessibility of memory-based information.     

Consumer Use of Informational Aids in Supermarkets

The behavioral science literature relating to consumer use of informational aids in supermarkets is reviewed. Also examined is research concerned with more general issues such as information overload. The public policy implications of these various research findings are drawn and discussed. The paper concludes with a consideration of three proposed measures to facilitate shopping decisions for consumers concerned with economy and nutritional value.     

Simple Decision Aids and Consumer Decision Making

To help consumers deal with increasing amounts of information, many online retailers offer simple decision aids, such as the ability to sort on a particular attribute or eliminate undesired alternatives. The authors propose that consumers use simple decision aids as substitutes for cognitive effort, potentially with adverse consequences for decision making. An experimental study shows that providing unrestricted sorting increases decision quality only when choice conflict is low; beyond a certain point, greater use of the decision aid is associated with declines in decision quality. A second study shows that that allowing consumers to sort alternatives only one time enhances decision quality and, when choice conflict is high, reduces decision effort. A third study shows that providing elimination as well as sorting tools helps mitigate the negative effects of simple decision aids. Although the availability of sorting alone hurts decision quality when choice conflict is high, decision quality under choice conflict is improved when both sorting and elimination tools are provided. Implications for retail practice are discussed.     

涂料助剂的现状及发展对策

涂料助剂对涂料工业的技术进步有重要作用,我国的涂料助剂开发应用应引起广泛重视。     

数字化自动识别系统航标结构设计

介绍了数字化自动识别系统（AIS）航标的结构设计,重点对材料选择、密封设计、散热和 外观造型等 问题进行了论述,提出了相应的解决措施和方法。设计的数字化AIS航标不但能满足海上 恶劣的使用环境,而且还具有新颖亮丽的外观效果,有助于视觉识别和警示。     

Race and attitude formation in HIV/Aids fear advertising

The study on which this article is based, examined whether fear appeal advertising increases the likelihood of adopting appropriate behavior and whether different racial groups perceive fear appeals pertaining to HIV/Aids communication differently. The extent of fear, attitude towards the advertisements, as well as threat and efficacy were also investigated to ascertain the influence of different levels of fear appeals.Social marketing programs address various pandemics and anti-social behavior, where citizens act in conflict with accepted social conduct. The use of fear as a motivation in advertising places emphasis on the severity of the threat. Marketing practitioners, believing the message is too difficult to implement, have questioned the use of fear appeal advertising messages.The findings of this study indicate differences among racial groups pertaining to levels of fear and attitude towards advertisements, as well as differences in threat and efficacy experienced after exposure to high fear appeals compared to other appeals.     

Far from Eye,Far from Heart: Analysis of Graphical Decision Aids in Electronic Negotiation Support

Information is probably the most relevant element upon which decision makers base their judgments. Empirical evidence has demonstrated that the way information is presented inevitably influences human cognition and, consequently, the (electronically supported) decision making process. Presently, we lack an analytical approach of studying graphical decision aids implemented in electronic negotiation support systems (NSS). Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify relevant factors for graphical decision aids in NSS, which provides negotiators with an analytical support approach. Secondly, based on a developed framework, we intend to categorize and analyze existing and newly developed graphical decision aids. Last, we develop research propositions showing avenues for future investigations in the field of graphical decision aids.