中国FDI区位分布的空间效应研究

目前关于我国FDI区位选择因素的大部分实证研究都是建立在双边框架内,考虑第三方效应并从城市角度进行的研究还少有涉及。本文在新近发展起来的"第三国效应"理论基础上,运用空间面板计量方法,对1985—2005年期间我国30个省市区的154个地级及以上城市的FDI区位分布的空间效应进行检验。发现全样本154个城市的FDI之间存在显著的空间效应,周边城市的FDI增量可以增加某城市的FDI流入量,周边城市的市场规模越大某城市的FDI流入越多,各城市的FDI流入也受到周边城市FDI不可测因素的影响。对三大地区内部、三大地区之间及长、珠三角与三大地区之间等不同子样本的FDI空间效应的检验,发现东、中、西部地区FDI的主导类型分别为集聚垂直复合型、受限的集聚垂直复合型和水平型。     

Industrial Location and Spatial Inequality: Theory and Evidence from India

The authors argue that spatial inequality of industry location is a primary cause of spatial income inequality in developing nations. Their study focuses on understanding the process of spatial industrial variation: identifying the spatial factors that have cost implications for firms, and the factors that influence the location decisions of new industrial units. The analysis has two parts. First the authors examine the contribution of economic geography factors to the cost structure of firms in eight industry sectors and show that local industrial diversity is the one factor with significant and substantial cost‐reducing effects. They then show that new private sector industrial investments in India are biased toward existing industrial and coastal districts, whereas state industrial investments (in deep decline after structural reforms) are far less biased toward such districts. The authors conclude that structural reforms lead to increased spatial inequality in industrialization, and therefore, income.     

Industry Mix and Curvilinear Spillovers from FDI in China

This paper uses industry and province specific Chinese industrial data to demonstrate a potential causal link between two strands of the FDI literature. The first strand suggests that the impact of spillovers from inward FDI is less robust in middle-income economies than in either high-income or low-income economies. The second strand suggests diminishing returns of inward FDI on horizontal labor productivity in low-technology industries but not in high-technology industries. This paper suggests a link between these two phenomena. Specifically, if both FDI intensity and industry mix vary with the level of economic development, then an industry-dependent relationship between inward FDI and horizontal spillovers could cause middle-income economies to derive fewer benefits from inward FDI than either high- or low-income economies. This paper also verifies the curvilinear relationship between FDI in low-technology industries and horizontal labor productivity without relying on problematic FDI from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao.     

制造业对外直接投资在中国的区位选择决策

一、引论 经典的利润最大化理论把对外直接投资(FDI)或企业在外国投资的基本动机刻划为对市场不完善的利用和运营效率上的预期收益(Hymer,1976;Kindleberger,1970)。事实上,这种动机必然涉及到企业的区位决策,即在国外寻找有利的投资地点。许多因素决定了一个国家对FDI的吸引力,其中外国企业与该国在地理上的相近和包容被认为是一项关键的外部因素(Kravis and Lipsey,1982)。 为了强调聚集经济(agglomeration economics)在城市成长过程中的影响,奎格里(Quigley,1998)     

FDI对国际贸易的影响：来自中国的证据

本文利用2003~2006年的面板数据检验了我国外向与内向FDI存量与进出口贸易之间的关系。通过实证分析发现:我国的外向FDI与进出口均存在互补关系,因此外向FDI具有贸易创造效应,其中又以出口创造效应为甚,从而使我国的外向FDI具有"净出口"效应;而内向FDI与进出口的关系都不显著。     

中国服务业利用外资的战略研究

1980年代以来,随着全球服务贸易自由化进程加快,服务业的国际投资得到快速发展,并已经成为国际直接投资的主流。鉴于中国庞大的服务市场,不久的将来,外资必将大量涌入。为了更好地利用外资,中国服务业应该充分利用WTO有关规则。有步骤、有选择地推进服务业开放;正确引导外资投向,优化产业结构;完善国内有关服务业的法律法规体系;通过制度创新为服务业提供良好的发展环境。     

Provincial economic performance and underpricing of IPOs: Evidence from political interventions in China

We examine the underpricing of 2,131 Chinese initial public offerings (IPOs) between 2005 and 2017. The results indicate that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) controlled by the local government (local SOEs) offer significantly higher underpricing when they go public than SOEs controlled by the central government and non-SOEs do. This phenomenon is evident for local SOEs from less developed provinces, after controlling for the direct effect of regional economic performance. These results suggest local government officials underprice initial public offerings to make regional companies successfully go public to promote the regional economy.     

集聚、扩散与FDI空间演化——基于中国省级数据的研究

本文采用空间计量学的方法,在描述我国FDI空间演化轨迹的基础上,建立了一个FDI地区分布决定因素的空间模型,运用1987-2007年的面板数据,分析我国FDI空间演化的规律。计量结果发现,集聚效应对于吸引我国FDI有着很大程度的影响,相邻省份之间的空间溢出效应促使FDI更多的是由核心省份向周边省份扩散。并根据结论提出了引导FDI空间的合理转移,缩小地区差距的政策建议。     

FDI的水平与垂直溢出效应——以长三角二省一市为例

利用2000—2007年长三角地区两省一市27个制造业细分行业的面板数据,实证检验了FDI对内资企业的水平溢出、后向溢出和前向溢出效应,分别就FDI对长三角地区整体和江苏、浙江和上海不同地理单元的27个制造业整体及不同类型组(高、中、低技术产业组)的溢出效应进行实证检验。结果显示,长三角地区、江苏、浙江和上海的FDI都对内资企业具有正的后向溢出效应和负的前向溢出效应,江苏和浙江的FDI的水平溢出效应为正,上海的FDI的水平溢出效应为负。     

How does FDI affect China? Evidence from industries and provinces

Using the latest panel data from 19 industries and 30 provinces in China, we found it is not true that more FDI necessarily brings about more output growth across the board. Local industries without foreign participation lose while those with some participation gain from the inflow. Provinces in western and central regions lose while those in the eastern and coastal regions appear to be the major beneficiaries. While the net effect of FDI is still positive, the regional disparity has been growing. It casts doubt on the rationale of haphazard and lavish policies to compete for FDI in China. Journal of Comparative Economics 35 (4) (2007) 774–799.     

行业增长因素与我国FDI行业内溢出效应

本文利用2000年至2002年我国制造业320个四位码细分行业的数据,采用经验研究的方法,系统地探讨了行业增长特征对FDI在我国产生行业内溢出效应的影响。检验结果表明,行业增长特征确实是影响我国FDI行业内溢出效应的重要因素;进而,行业增长特征对两种FDI行业内溢出效应的影响因内资企业的国际市场倾向性的不同而不同。此外,研究进一步提示我们关注我国出口水平较高的行业中可能发生的FDI挤出效应。     

高技术产业国家价值链网络结构与省域增加值分解——来自电子信息产业的证据

为破解我国在高技术产业全球价值链中面临的低端锁定困境,需要构建并完善国家价值链分工体系。构建中国高技术产业国家价值链内生增值传导网络结构分析框架,并以电子信息产业为例,对省域国内增加值进行分解。结果表明,现阶段中国电子信息产业上游技术研发能力较弱,整体增值能力不强;下游间接关联产业部门数量及关联系数值仍待提高;除中游外,上下游出口国内增加值偏低,国际竞争力较弱;东、中部省域国内完全增加值占据优势,内生增值能力方面各有所长,东北、西部省域国内完全增加值及其内生增值能力均较弱。同时,中国省域国际垂直专业化程度未表现出显著地理地区特征,即使同一地域的省域之间也存在不同程度差异。     

中小企业技术创新、资源空间关联与企业成长——基于中国省际面板数据的空间计量分析

利用2010—2013年中国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的相关数据,使用引力模型构建中小企业资源空间关联矩阵,将之作为空间权重进行Moran指数检验,探讨了中小企业的技术创新在资源空间关联的作用下对企业成长的影响,并检验了基于资源空间关联的中小企业成长的空间自相关性和空间依赖性。结果表明:基于资源空间关联的中小企业成长存在显著的空间自相关性,动态资源空间关联矩阵比地理距离静态空间矩阵更优越;中小企业技术创新对企业成长具有显著的正向影响;邻接省市中小企业成长的误差冲击对本省中小企业成长具有显著的空间依赖性。     

中国吸引FDI区位因素实证分析

近年来,随着国际资本流动的愈加频繁迅速,流向中国的外商直接投资越来越多,而FDI在中国经济增长中发挥着发动机的作用。东道国吸引FDI流入的因素有很多,如资源优势、宽松稳定的社会环境等。采用中国1983-2006年的Panel Data数据,在计量方法上采用的是加入虚拟变量的普通最小二乘法并结合格兰杰因果检验,发现FDI累计投资额、市场规模及制度因素促进了FDI的流入,而人力资本、市场开放度对FDI的流入无积极影响。并给出相关的政策建议。     

中国服务业外商直接投资的区位选择因素分析

随着服务业开放程度的加深,服务业外商直接投资(FDI)流入的规模正在迅速增长。由于服务企业的经营活动具有自身的特点,其区位决策也必然不同于制造企业。文章试图从服务业的特征出发,探讨服务业跨国投资的区位选择动因,并在此基础上对服务业FDI在中国的区位影响因素进行实证检验。在前人研究的基础上,本文系统整理了服务业外商直接投资区位选择的影响因素,并建立了初步的理论分析框架,从需求因素、供给因素和市场环境因素三个方面分析服务业跨国公司的投资区位选择行为。随后,利用1998-2004年中国大陆15个省市的面板数据进行计量检验,结果发现:(1)从全国来看,基础设施和政府干预程度是影响我国服务业FDI区位选择的关键因素;(2)在东部地区,服务业FDI体现出较强的追随客户的特性,而中西部地区需要加大基础建设投资才能吸引更多的服务业FDI;(3)分时期的检验结果表明,服务业FDI追随客户的特性有逐渐加强的趋势。此外,服务业跨国公司在投资时一直对经济开放程度高的地区有所偏爱。     

FDI and pollution havens: Evidence from the Norwegian manufacturing sector

This is an empirical study of the firm and country determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) and how it is affected by the stringency of environmental regulations in host countries. We employ disaggregated data on sales by Norwegian multinationals' affiliates from 1999 to 2005 that allow such affiliates to be categorized as either efficiency-seeking (vertical) or market-seeking (horizontal) FDI. While the environmental stringency of a host country and its enforcement are found to have no effect on the average investment, we find a significant negative effect on multinationals with vertical motives. Compared to those located in lenient countries, the efficiency-seeking affiliates in more environmentally regulated countries receive less investment from their parent companies in terms of (i) equity capital, (ii) capital stock, and (iii) assets. We further find that the total exports from affiliates to parent companies in Norway decrease with the level of enforced environmental stringency in the host countries.     

FDI,Industry Heterogeneity and Employment Elasticity in China

We investigate the different impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) on employment elasticity with China's firm level data from 1998 to 2007. Our analysis shows that the inclusion of FDI does significantly affect firms' employment elasticity when facing wage, capital and output shocks. These effects vary dramatically across industries with different factor intensities and export status. Specifically, we find that non‐exporters with FDI tend to increase employment elasticity more than exporters when wage, capital input or output changes. However, FDI firms that are engaging in labor‐intensive production tend to have larger output and capital input elasticity of employment while smaller wage elasticity of employment. Our findings help to explain the contradicting results in existing literature and provide important references for China's policy makers to design proper industry policies towards FDI.     

Exposure to Provincial and National Information and Firm Performance: Crisis Period Evidence from China

This paper examines the impact of exposure to provincial and national information on the performance of non-financial Chinese firms during the recent global financial crisis (2007 to 2009). The results show that firms with higher level of exposure to provincial information are affected less by the crisis than firms with higher level of exposure to national information. The results are also robust across various proxies of firm performance. The main contribution of this paper is to highlight sources of value for Chinese firms during the recent financial crisis. More importantly, this paper uses publicly available information to draw attention on the role played by national and provincial sources of information in defining firm performance during the recent global financial crisis.

     

跨国银行在华投资的省域选择

作为中国最活跃的金融机构之一,外资银行在大陆的投资活动受到各省级政府的关注。在确立跨国银行进入大陆省级区域基本理论框架的基础上,文章利用1996年初至2006年7月底在华265家外资银行机构的最新数据,运用条件Logit离散选择模型对跨国银行在华投资区域决定因子进行实证分析,结果显示:市场需求因素和区域金融基础设施因素对外资银行有显著的吸引力,而区域政策环境因素和经营成本因素则无显著影响。各省域招商外资银行的工作重点应立足发展本地经济、营造外资集聚、完善金融市场、提升人力资源管理水平和做好外资银行机构的服务等工作,而非一味地提供种种优惠。