Labor Market Analysis and Public Policy: The Case of Morocco

This article uses detailed industry and household data to understandwhy Morocco's labor market performed poorly in 1985–95.The data indicate that marked structural changes and weak demandin the product market were responsible. This article makes twocontributions to the literature. The first is specific: it underscoresthat the demand for labor is a derived demand and that the performanceof the product market is an important determinant of the performanceof the labor market. The second is more general: it demonstratesthat this kind of microeconomic analysis, using data sets thatare often available in developing countries, can inform policydesign.     

河南产险市场解析

河南作为一个内陆省份,保险市场总的容量虽然并不算大,但河南作为我国的经济、资源大省,财产保险市场在业内也是不容忽视的重要市场。河南产险市场具有的六项优势,三个方面的突出问题,进一步发展需要加强四项工作。     

社会保险市场上的逆向选择与公共政策干预:国际研究动态述评

随着社会经济的进步与发展,提供社会保险日益成为现代政府的重要任务,而信息不对称带来的逆向选择这一市场失灵问题是政府提供社会保险的主要经济依据之一。由此,近年来国际学术界涌现出一大批关于社会保险市场上逆向选择与公共政策干预问题的研究文献,在将理论与数据相结合以分析公共政策的福利影响方面出现了很多研究进展。本文就尝试对这一领域的研究进行总结与分析,为国内学术研究的开展与公共经济政策的设计提供有益借鉴。     

Competition in the Audit Market: Policy Implications

The audit market's unique combination of features—its role in capital market transparency, mandated demand, and concentrated supply—means it receives considerable attention from policy makers. We explore the effects of two market scenarios that have been the focus of policy discussions: mandatory audit firm rotation and further supply concentration due to the exit of a “Big 4” audit firm. To do so, we first estimate publicly traded firms' demand for auditing services, allowing the services provided by each of the Big 4 to be differentiated products. We then use those estimates to calculate how each scenario would affect client firms' consumer surplus. We estimate that, for U.S. publicly trade firms, mandatory audit firm rotation would induce consumer surplus losses of approximately $2.7 billion if rotation were required after 10 years and $4.7–5.0 billion if after only four years. We find similarly that exit by one of the Big 4 would reduce client firms' surplus by $1.4–1.8 billion. These estimates reflect only the value of firms' lost options to hire the exiting audit firm; they do not include likely fee increases resulting from less competition among audit firms. The latter could result in audit fee increases between $0.75–1.3 billion per year for mandatory rotation and $0.47–0.58 billion per year for the disappearance of a Big 4 audit firm. Such losses are substantial; by comparison, total audit fees for public firms were $11 billion in 2010.     

保险市场价格竞争无效性研究——以我国财险市场为例

我国国内财产保险业务自1980年恢复以来虽然取得了很大成绩,但依旧存在很多问题,特别是市场集中度偏高,导致市场竞争处于低水平竞争状态问题。本文根据市场份额将我国财险公司划分为在位者与竞争者两类,应用Stackelberg博弈模型,对在位者与竞争者的保险价格竞争从单时期和多时期两个方面进行分析,得出单纯的价格竞争是无效的,建议从产品和服务的创新、投资、成本管理和客户信息搜集与管理四个方面协助价格竞争的展开。     

中国农业保险发展:市场推动还是政策激励

本文构建面板计量模型检验市场因素和政策因素对我国农业保险发展的促进效应。实证结果表明:政策因素和市场因素共同作用,推动了我国农业保险近年来的快速发展;从对推动农业保险发展的影响程度和范围来看,财政补贴政策极大地激励了我国农业保险的发展,是农业保险近年来快速发展的重要因素;市场因素对农业保险发展也有一定推动作用,但其对农业保险发展的推动作用相对较小。最后本文给出了促进我国农业保险持续发展的相关政策建议。     

对财产保险诉讼案件的思考

在财产保险诉论案的实际判决当中,保险公司败诉的几率很,在采取有效措施避免此类现象的发生,减少相应的财产损失和社会影响。     

河南省团体年金保险市场现状及政策建议

企业年金是我国社会保障体系的三大支柱之一。企业年金要采取市场化方式运营来实现保险增值,是其未来发展趋势。目前,由于财政、税收政策不到位,河南省团体年金保险市场发展缓慢。促进团体年金业务发展要提供政策支持,加强监管,检查和规范团体年金市场。     

Land Tenure and Property Rights: Theory and Implications for Development Policy

This article explores the nature of property rights systems,their evolution, and their effect on resource allocation. Itis argued that certain institutional arrangements for land rightshave evolved in order to reduce uncertainty and increase efficiencyin credit as well as in land markets. Of particular relevanceto developing countries, the article emphasizes the contributionof public sector infrastructure to effective land rights systems.An appendix to the article presents a formal model analyzingthe effects of security of land rights on land prices, the intensityof cultivation, and the use of credit. Empirical evidence fromThailand supports several of the propositions derived from themodel.     

国外农业保险发展经验对我国的启示——平舆县农业保险发展个案分析

美国、日本等40多个国家开展农业保险的经验是政府适当的干预和支持.目前我国发展农业保险要从加快农业保险立法、成立股份制农业保险公司、建立农业保险补偿基金等方面入手.     

Monetary Policy Choices in Emerging Market Economies: The Case of High Productivity Growth

We develop a general equilibrium model of an emerging market economy where productivity growth differentials between tradable and non-tradable sectors result in an equilibrium appreciation of the real exchange rate—the so-called Balassa-Samuelson effect. The paper explores the dynamic properties of this economy and the welfare implications of alternative policy rules. We show that the real exchange rate appreciation limits the range of policy rules that, with a given probability, keep inflation and exchange rate within predetermined numerical targets. We also find that the B–S effect raises by an order of magnitude the welfare loss associated with policy rules that prescribe active exchange rate management.     

Some Policy Lessons from the Opening of the Korean Insurance Market

This article examines the recent dispute between the UnitedStates and the Republic of Korea over the opening of Korea'sinsurance market to U.S. companies. The article assesses theinterests and motivations of both countries that lay behindthe formal arguments presented during the negotiation process.It also analyzes whether the long-run interests of both developingand industrial countries would be well served by the approachto the opening of the market adopted in this case—sharingthe rent while continuing to regulate the insurance market.The analysis suggests that the opening of a developing country'sinsurance market (or the wider financial services market) wouldserve the long-run interests of both developing and industrialcountries only if it were accomplished in the context of overalldomestic liberalization of the finance industry. "Opening" ofthe market, if this means only the sharing of the rents thatwere generated by regulation of the market, is unlikely to bebeneficial to developing countries.     

Expiration Dates in Automobile Insurance Contracts: The Curious Case of Last Policy Month Claims in Taiwan

This paper investigates a widespread trend in the Taiwanese automobile insurance market in which the loss claims of vehicle damage insurance contracts have a high propensity to occur just before the end of the policy year (as opposed to calendar year). We show that certain uncommon characteristics of claim data are consistently observed in the last policy month. We indirectly show that there is a severe time-varying excess claim problem in this market. The major sources of excess claims can be explained by the bonus-malus system problem and the auto-dealer incentive issue.     

县域政策性农业保险亟需解决的突出问题——以吉林省榆树市为例

为了解政策性农业保险的开展情况及其在分散、转嫁农业风险、补偿农业损失,稳定农业生产等方面的情况。我们通过走访政府部门、保险公司、农户的方式,对榆树市近五年发生的农业自然灾害情况,农业保险投保、理赔情况做了一次专项调查。结果显示:农业保险在分散、转嫁农业风险方面起到了一定的积极作用。但也存在一些突出的问题,亟需解决。     

十二字方针：夯实保险监管

“抓服务,严监管,防风险,促发展。”这十二个字,是保监会主席项俊波在2012年全国保险监管会议上为保险监管定下的基调。人们看到,2012年保险监管工作的“十二字方针”得到有力落实,保监会在下大力气加强对保险市场的监管和整顿力度的同时,也推出多项服务、促进保险业发展的新政策,在各方面都取得了显著的成效。     

强制保险对机动车险市场的影响

即将实施的《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》是我国第一部道路交通安全法律,保监会据此制定了《机动车第三者责任强制保险条例》,详细规定了机动车辆第三者强制保险的具体内容,将对商业保险公司的机动车辆产生重大影响。对此,各保险公司应加强制定费率规章,增设绝对免赔额制度和明确对机动车辆超载问题的处理标准。     

政策性农业保险试点省份农户参保意愿实证研究——以河南为例

本文基于农户对农业保险需求的视角,通过对相关文献的回顾,提出了影响农户参加农业保险意愿的因素假说。然后,通过对国家政策性农业保险试点省份河南4县市的农户参保意愿及影响因素的调查数据,运用Logistic模型实证发现,农民的文化程度、收入、农户遭受的风险种类数、农户对农业风险的态度及农业保费的高低是影响农户购买农业保险的主要因素。为此,本文提出了相应的对策和政策建议。     

我国财产保险中介市场发展中存在的问题与改进建议

保险市场是一个严重信息不对称的市场,从国外的运行状况来看,保险中介的加入优化了保险市场的资源配置,提高了市场效率,减少了信息不对称的存在。但是,由于我国市场的特殊性,中介人的加入似乎并未使市场得以优化,本文分析了财产保险中介市场存在的问题,结合我国国情,从产险中介法人化、区域选择针对化等角度提出了构建和谐保险的具体措施。     

保险险种知识产权保护探析

保险险种的创新过程是一个充满智力劳动的过程，完全符合知识产权的定义。但是，中国现行的知识产权法适用新险种的部分很少，目前只有反不正当竞争法和行政保护可在一定程度上给予新险种以保护。为加快保险险种的创新，保险险种的知识产权保护刻不容缓。因此，保险监管部门应依据知识产权法的基本原则、结合保险产品的特点修订《保险公司管理规定》，适当加长对新险种的保护期限、扩大保护范围，并增加对侵权行为的处罚条款。     

Portfolio Choice and Life Insurance: The CRRA Case

We solve a portfolio choice problem that includes life insurance and labor income under constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) preferences. We focus on the correlation between the dynamics of human capital and financial capital and model the utility of the family as opposed to separating consumption and bequest. We simplify the underlying Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation using a similarity reduction technique that leads to an efficient numerical solution. Households for whom shocks to human capital are negatively correlated with shocks to financial capital should own more life insurance with greater equity/stock exposure. Life insurance hedges human capital and is insensitive to the family's risk aversion, consistent with practitioner guidance.