Knowledge Management in Practice: An Exploratory Case Study

Knowledge has been identified as one of the most important resources that contributes to the competitive advantage of an organization. The organizational and social issues associated with the development, implementation and use of information technology have increasingly attracted the attention of knowledge management researchers. The paper is based on an empirical investigation of knowledge sharing processes from an international organization, Buckman Laboratories. Through the socio-technical perspective, the paper traces the interactions between knowledge management practices and the organizational context. On the basis of the research, we propose a perspective of socio-technical theory relevant to knowledge management within organizations. We conclude that management and leadership play a critical role in establishing the multi-level context for the effective assimilation of knowledge management practice.     

组织成员的相互学习对组织知识的影响

基于March的相互学习模型,分两种情况——组织成员的学习速率相同和不同,分析了封闭环境下组织成员的学习速率对组织知识的影响,绘制了学习速率与均衡知识的关系图,并阐述了组织结构对组织知识的作用。结果显示:组织成员的学习速率慢而领导的学习速率快的组织得到的知识最多;成员学习速率不同的混合组织得到的知识比成员学习速率相同的组织要多;二层管理模式的组织比一层管理模式的组织得到的知识要多。     

Rethinking Political Process in Technological Change: Socio-technical Configurations and Frames

The political process perspective has done much to enhance our understanding of the organizational effects of technological change as a negotiated outcome reflecting the political and power dynamics of the adopting context. In so doing, we suggest, technology has been marginalized as an analytical category and the problem of change agency, although better understood, remains largely unresolved. This article addresses these issues through the articulation of the concepts of socio-technical configurations and technological frames and explores their utility in understanding change agency through an action research project. The project sought a novel form of 'socio-technology' transfer, taking ideas and concepts of 'human-centered' manufacturing embodied in team-based cellular manufacture from a European context into three firms in Australia.     

The dynamics of transitions in socio-technical systems: A multi-level analysis of the transition pathway from horse-drawn carriages to automobiles (1860-1930)

This article investigates transitions at the level of societal functions (e.g. transport, communication, housing). Societal functions are fulfilled by socio-technical systems, which consist of a cluster of aligned elements, e.g. artefacts, knowledge, user practices and markets, regulation, cultural meaning, infrastructure, maintenance networks and supply networks. To understand how transitions from one socio-technical system to another come about, the article describes a conceptual multi-level perspective. The perspective is illustrated with a historical case study: the transition from horse-drawn carriages to automobiles in the USA (1860-1930). The case study shows that technological substitution approaches to this transition are too simple, because they neglect the electric tram and bicycle, which acted as important stepping stones. The case study also corrects another mistake, namely that the gasoline car won by chance from steam and electric automobiles. It will be shown that particular niches played a crucial role in this competition, as well as the wider socio-technical context. The case study deviates on three points from the multi-level perspective. These deviations are used to conceptualize a particular transition pathway, called 'de-alignment and re-alignment'.     

企业组织知性资本、知识管理能力与开放式创新绩效

开放式创新是企业在共享经济与全球经济背景下落实创新驱动发展战略的有效途径,但是开放式创新对于很多企业而言是一种挑战,因此探索开放式创新绩效提升路径具有重要意义。基于306份企业调查问卷数据,采用结构方程模型方法,检验组织知性资本、知识管理能力与开放式创新绩效关系。研究结果表明,企业组织知性资本显著正向影响开放式创新绩效,知识管理能力在其中发挥显著中介效应,且在网络嵌入性调节组织性格与知识管理能力关系的过程中知识管理能力的中介效应仍然显著。     

新工业革命背景下多元智能组织研究——以GE和海尔为案例

新工业革命背景下组织需要从一元集权制向多元治理转变,本文通过对通用电气公司(GE)和海尔的跨案例研究发现组织从一元集权制向多元治理转变的“四反”演进路径。其中,“反集权”的本质是组织权利分化,组织演进逻辑是从“垂直”到“水平”,以构建赋权赋能为核心的扁平网络化组织。“反边界”的本质是组织边界扩张,组织演进逻辑是从“有形”到“无形”,以构建动态无边界的虚拟组织。“反分工”的本质是组织流程再造,组织演进逻辑是从“分散”到“整合”,以构建人机融合智能型组织。“反范式”的本质是管理范式转变,组织演进逻辑是从“有序”到“无序”,以构建平台为主要特征的后现代管理范式。进一步对“四反”路径进行整合分析,构建了基于“四反”的多元智能组织理论模型,该模型以后现代管理哲学为理论基础,符合新工业革命背景下组织发展的“与时俱进”的时代特征,将引领未来的组织发展方向。     

Rethinking Political Process in Technological Change: Socio-technical Configurations and Frames

The political process perspective has done much to enhance our understanding of the organizational effects of technological change as a negotiated outcome reflecting the political and power dynamics of the adopting context. In so doing, we suggest, technology has been marginalized as an analytical category and the problem of change agency, although better understood, remains largely unresolved. This article addresses these issues through the articulation of the concepts of socio-technical configurations and technological frames and explores their utility in understanding change agency through an action research project. The project sought a novel form of 'socio-technology' transfer, taking ideas and concepts of 'human-centered' manufacturing embodied in team-based cellular manufacture from a European context into three firms in Australia.     

The dynamics of transitions in socio-technical systems: A multi-level analysis of the transition pathway from horse-drawn carriages to automobiles (1860–1930)

This article investigates transitions at the level of societal functions (e.g. transport, communication, housing). Societal functions are fulfilled by socio-technical systems, which consist of a cluster of aligned elements, e.g. artefacts, knowledge, user practices and markets, regulation, cultural meaning, infrastructure, maintenance networks and supply networks. To understand how transitions from one socio-technical system to another come about, the article describes a conceptual multi-level perspective. The perspective is illustrated with a historical case study: the transition from horse-drawn carriages to automobiles in the USA (1860–1930). The case study shows that technological substitution approaches to this transition are too simple, because they neglect the electric tram and bicycle, which acted as important stepping stones. The case study also corrects another mistake, namely that the gasoline car won by chance from steam and electric automobiles. It will be shown that particular niches played a crucial role in this competition, as well as the wider socio-technical context. The case study deviates on three points from the multi-level perspective. These deviations are used to conceptualize a particular transition pathway, called ‘de-alignment and re-alignment’.     

Framing Work Through a Socio-technical Ensemble: The Case of Butler Co.

The paper argues for conceptualizing technology as a socio-technical ensemble which emerges from the socio-political context of the organization. This perspective is used to inform a case study carried out within a consumer goods company, where the focus is upon the configuration of work and technology associated with the job of sales representative. It is argued that the acquiescence and compliance of the sales representatives are to be understood primarily on the basis of senior management's effective deployment of its power resource through 'enacting the environment', the configuration and utilization of the ensemble, and its employment strategy. 'Closure' and 'stabilization' had occurred, and the ensemble was operating on a number of levels.     

组织内驱因素、知识创新与竞争优势的关系实证研究框架

本文从组织内部管理视角切入，在对相关文献深入研究的基础上，揭示组织内部驱动因素与组织知识创新以及知识创新与竞争优势之间的相关性，相应地提出了三者关系的研究假设及关系模型，为组织内驱因素、知识创新及竞争优势之间关系的实证研究建立初步理论框架。     

动态能力提升导向的新创企业组织学习研究

动态能力是新创企业生存发展的重要基础。新创企业组织学习应以动态能力提升为导向,围绕创业机会的识别、获取与开发进行。新创企业组织学习主要受创业者知识基础、心智模式及其战略共识以及新创企业知识管理能力、组织文化与社会资本的影响。因此,创业者应时刻保持学习的状态并积极引领组织学习,强化知识管理基础,做好组织学习规划,加强员工组织学习相关指导与培训,将新创企业打造成学习型组织并加强社会资本开发与利用。     

非营利组织的组织学习与组织绩效的关联机制——以浙江省邵逸夫医院为例

当前关于非营利组织的研究主要从非营利组织与政府、企业的协同发展等宏观角度入手,相对忽略了微观层面上组织能力建设在非营利组织发展中的作用的研究。本文在前人研究的基础上,构建了非营利组织的组织学习与组织绩效关联机制的理论框架,并结合浙江省邵逸夫医院组织学习的经验,对组织学习如何影响非营利组织的组织绩效进行了实证分析。得出结论如下：非营利组织的学习过程可分为知识获取、知识吸收和知识创新三个阶段;通过改善非营利组织的学习环境对知识获取、知识吸收和知识创新的促进效果,可以很好地提升其组织绩效。     

Framing Work Through a Socio-technical Ensemble: The Case of Butler Co.

The paper argues for conceptualizing technology as a socio-technical ensemble which emerges from the socio-political context of the organization. This perspective is used to inform a case study carried out within a consumer goods company, where the focus is upon the configuration of work and technology associated with the job of sales representative. It is argued that the acquiescence and compliance of the sales representatives are to be understood primarily on the basis of senior management's effective deployment of its power resource through 'enacting the environment', the configuration and utilization of the ensemble, and its employment strategy. 'Closure' and 'stabilization' had occurred, and the ensemble was operating on a number of levels.     

从价值观管理到制度领导力

制度领导力是领导者在同制度情境互动后，通过制度工作将价值观和领导权力嵌入组织系统和结构中的领导力。领导者通过构建制度领导力，能够减少组织对个体领导者的依赖并实现组织稳定发展。DS的实践表明，企业通过价值观管理和制度管理构建制度领导力，可以促进企业价值观落实和制度执行，并对组织利益相关者产生行为约束和理念引导，从而对企业稳定持续发展产生积极影响。DS模式是中国企业管理的新突破，以DS公司为例探究领导者通过价值观管理和制度管理构建制度领导力的过程，为企业进行制度领导力构建提供了新理论视角。     

国内知识协同研究综述

知识经济时代下知识管理成为研究和实践探索的热点.面对各类组织内外部海量、异构的知识资源,知识的协同将更加具有难度和挑战.不管是将其定义为知识协同是知识管理发展的第三阶段和在知识管理基础上的超越,还是认为知识管理的本质就是知识协同,知识协同或者协同知识都将是绕不开的研究课题,成为知识管理的核心.为了加深对知识协同的理解和便于对其进行深入研究,本文在对国内知识协同相关研究作出比较全面分析的基础上,重点从概念、方法和技术、包括组织内部和组织间应用三个角度对国内知识协同的研究进行了梳理,总结出信息管理和人与组织管理两条知识协同研究主线以及“传统型”与“知识型”两类组织应用类型,并作出评价.     

多层创新网络结构洞特征对组织创新绩效的影响——来自新能源汽车领域的实证分析

基于1997-2019年我国新能源汽车领域专利申请数据，采用复杂网络方法构建组织合作网络、成员合作网络以及知识融合网络3类创新网络，并量化3类网络中的结构洞特征。在此基础上，采用面板负二项回归模型实证分析组织合作网络、成员合作网络以及知识融合网络结构洞特征对组织创新绩效的影响。结果表明：仅考虑直接作用时，组织合作网络与知识融合网络结构洞特征对组织创新绩效具有显著正向影响，且知识融合网络结构洞特征对组织创新绩效的影响程度更大。在进一步考虑交互作用后，组织合作网络、成员合作网络以及知识融合网络结构洞特征的两两交互项均对组织创新绩效具有显著正向影响，其中，成员合作网络与知识融合网络的交互作用对组织创新绩效影响最大。结构洞特征替换为聚集性特征后，研究结论依旧稳健。最后，基于多层创新网络优化视角提出相应的政策建议。     

多层创新网络结构洞特征对组织创新绩效的影响——来自新能源汽车领域的实证分析

基于1997-2019年我国新能源汽车领域专利申请数据，采用复杂网络方法构建组织合作网络、成员合作网络以及知识融合网络3类创新网络，并量化3类网络中的结构洞特征。在此基础上，采用面板负二项回归模型实证分析组织合作网络、成员合作网络以及知识融合网络结构洞特征对组织创新绩效的影响。结果表明：仅考虑直接作用时，组织合作网络与知识融合网络结构洞特征对组织创新绩效具有显著正向影响，且知识融合网络结构洞特征对组织创新绩效的影响程度更大。在进一步考虑交互作用后，组织合作网络、成员合作网络以及知识融合网络结构洞特征的两两交互项均对组织创新绩效具有显著正向影响，其中，成员合作网络与知识融合网络的交互作用对组织创新绩效影响最大。结构洞特征替换为聚集性特征后，研究结论依旧稳健。最后，基于多层创新网络优化视角提出相应的政策建议。     

基于空间维度的组织学习理论——组织从外部学习的模型

基于组织学习时空理论的空间维度,提出了组织从外部学习的模型。研究内容包括两个方面:一方面,基于外部组织类型的视角,以企业为例,探讨了组织向外部不同类型组织的学习——具体包括组织向政府、供应商、顾客、竞争者和合作者的学习,组织在向外部不同类型组织的学习中获取知识的维度和方式,知识的整合以及从外部学习与从内部学习的结合;另一方面,基于组织嵌入网络的视角,进一步探讨了组织与外部其他组织建立的网络,网络连带的强度、网络密度和组织在网络中所处的位置对组织从外部学习的影响,网络结构的决定因素,以及组织在网络中的权力和地位。最后总结了理论和实践贡献,并指出了存在的不足和未来的研究方向。     

组织控制与企业知识结构关联性研究

本文首先介绍了企业组织理论及其知识结构理论,并用企业组织理论分析了企业中存在的知识结构和知识结构形成的原因。最后,论述了不同的组织控制机制形成不同类型知识结构的机理:层级控制通过知识转移可以形成流程主导的知识结构;宗族控制通过知识转移可以形成结果和个人主导的知识结构。     

核心竞争力与竞争优势形成路径:知识资本与组织性格整合视角的解释

在新经济环境中，企业为了长远发展，需要通过不断整合知识资本与组织性格两大战略资源以培育核心竞争力，进而构建并提升竞争优势。从知识资本和组织性格出发，引入技术创新能力和商业模式创新能力作为中介变量，构建组织核心竞争力和竞争优势形成路径的概念框架，并以370份调查问卷数据为支撑，采用结构方程模型方法进行实证分析。结果表明：知识资本对核心竞争力与竞争优势形成有直接正向作用，并分别通过技术创新能力和商业模式创新能力产生间接作用；组织性格可以直接，也可通过技术创新能力和商业模式创新能力间接促进核心竞争力形成，但对竞争优势的形成只能通过中介变量施加影响；知识资本有利于组织性格形成，核心竞争力对竞争优势的作用不显著。由此，提出企业组织应该整合知识管理与性格管理进行知性管理，以谋求可持续发展。