2005年财政政策:稳健

2005年实施了稳健的财政政策,是中央根据经济形势变化作出的一项重大决策。当前,我国经济供求关系已发生了变化,经济结构调整任务突出,有必要也有条件由扩张性的积极财政政策转向松紧适度的稳健财政政策,主要体现为适当减少财政赤字,适当减少长期建设国债发行规模,并着力调整财政支出结构和国债资金投向结构。2005年拟安排中央财政赤字3000亿元,比     

当前金融危机下中国财政政策的选择

目前世界正面临自20世纪二三十年代以来最严重的经济萧条。为应对此次危机,世界各国都通过种种手段来刺激经济,试图尽快走出困境。中国财政政策及时从稳健财政政策调整为积极财政政策是必然选择,其走向分析是扩大内需、加大补贴支出、调整财政税收结构等。但在实施过程中,我们更应注意和警惕投资方向的选择、财政手段的多样性、财政赤字与通货膨胀、财政投资与民生等方面的问题。     

积极财政继续飘扬

<正> 中央经济工作会议提出,2003年经济工作要积极坚持扩大内需的方针,继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。这是一个重大的政策信号,表明在当前国内外环境变化带来的困难和挑战的情况下,要继续保持宏观经济政策的连续性和稳定性,以促进国民经济持续快速健康发展,实现速度和结构、质量、效益相统一。扩大内需需要保持政策稳定性和连续性坚持扩大内需的方针,继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,这是面对当前国内外环境变化的现实选择。1998年以来,我们坚持把扩大内需作为经济发展的基本立足点和长期战略方针,适时实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,克服了亚洲金融危机和世界经济波动对我国的不利影响,保持了经济的较快增长。同时,我们也要清醒地看到,虽然当前世界经济出现了复苏迹象,但是不确定因素仍然很多,继续实施积极的财政政策和     

关于我国财政政策导向调整的研究

近年来我国实施的积极财政政策确实在很大程度上促进了经济和社会的发展。但是随着经济市场化程度的不断提高和经济环境的变化，这种积极财政政策也表现出诸多的不适应性。因此应适时调整财政政策导向以适应经济和社会发展的新要求。拟从我国近年来实施的积极财政政策的成效分析出发，阐述了当前调整财政政策导向的必然性，并提出了今后我国财政政策的调整方向。     

我国实行稳健财政政策的必要性及对策探讨

当前的宏观经济形势诱致着我国的财政政策应该由“积极”向“稳健”转变,稳健财政政策属于中性财政政策的范畴,我国在实施稳健财政政策过程中,应从改善财政收支状况、调整支出结构、进行结构性税制改革以及加强税收征管等方面入手来进行考虑。     

IS-LM模型与我国财政政策的绩效和取向分析

1998年以来，我国连续6年实施积极的财政政策，有力地拉动了经济增长，抑制了通货紧缩趋势；同时又实施了稳健的货币政策，有力地支持了积极财政政策的实施，促进了经济的发展。但是自1998年以来实行的积极财政政策，其内容主要局限于支出方面，即通过举债来扩大公共支出，投资于基础设施等方面，从而扩大内需以带动经济增长。应该说，这种以扩大需求为导向的积极财政政策，其正面效应是主要的，但也不容否认，这种正面效应已出现递减，其作用的空间越来越小。本人认为如果从当前的宏观经济态势和长远的经济增长来考虑问题，这种积极财政政策正面临着需要适时从“积极介入”向“中性调节”的平稳过渡。因此，坚持科学的发展观，实现税制改革与稳健财政政策的相互交融与互动，应该成为未来一定时期内我国财政政策的核心议题。，     

关于我国财政政策调整的经济学分析

本文拟从我国近年来实施的积极财政政策的成效分析出发,阐述了当前我国由积极财政政策向相对稳健财政政策调整的必然性,并提出了今后我国财政政策的调整导向。     

我国财政货币政策的调整与制度安排

为启动内需 ,我国于 1998年实施了积极的财政政策与稳健的货币政策 ,随着时间的推移 ,需要对其进行调整。调整的取向是向适度的财政政策和稳健的货币政策转变 ;调控方向应由基础建设投资向产业结构调整转变。加强财政货币政策协调运行的制度建设 ,提高货币政策的传导效率和财政政策的运行效率。     

深入学习贯彻十六大精神

2003年经济工作的总体要求是:以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,认真贯彻党的十六大精神,积极应对国内外环境变化带来的困难和挑战,坚持扩大内需的方针,继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,进一步深化改革,全面提高对外开放水平,加快经济结构的战略性调整,积极发展农业和     

实施稳健财政政策的探讨

稳健财政政策是财政政策重要类型之一。在总量上,财政收支基本平衡,在结构上则是“有松有紧,有保有控,”其实质是协调发展政策。实施稳健财政政策要注重投资政策导向调整,注重税收政策的结构性调整,注重促进科技进步,注重构建促进可持续发展的政策体系,注重与货币政策的恰当配合。     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.     

Why rationality may be a consequence of Hume's theory of choice

Facing R. Sugden's criticism of our interpretation, it is shown in this paper that rationality appears as a possible consequence of Hume's theory of choice. We first argue that Sugden's dismissal of the preference relation from the type of rationality through which Hume's theory is apprehended, is highly disputable, from the point of view of both standard choice theory and Hume's theory of passions. Nonetheless, Sugden's criterion of rationality might be restated in Humean terms as a condition of non-revision of preferences in the dynamics of passions. But, since the process of choice that we have described explicitly takes into account the revision of preferences, and shows that, when this last is no longer required, rationality occurs as an outcome of this process, it is not really concerned by Sugden's criticism.     

Team Dynamics Where Followers Have Illusion about Guide

A team is assigned to accomplish a task in each infinitely-repeated period. The guide of the team and his followers are allowed to have asymmetric productivity; also the followers have either a hostile or favorable illusion toward the guide. Respective efforts and the followers’ illusion are private information. At the end of each period, the output of the joint task emerges and the followers evaluate the guide. The analysis shows (1) that potential for an unreasonable evaluation suppresses the guide’s effort down to an average level; (2) letting the followers inform the guide of their illusion in advance increases both sides’ payoffs; (3) abolishing the evaluation reduces both sides’ payoffs in general; and (4) however, if the magnitude of the followers’ hostile illusion weighted by its relative probability is enormous, abolishing the evaluation increases the output and the guide’s payoff.     

US Hegemony and the Origins of Japanese Nuclear Power: The Politics of Consent

This paper deploys the Gramscian concepts of hegemony and consent in order to explore the process whereby nuclear power was brought to Japan. The core argument is that nuclear power was brought to Japan as a consequence of US hegemony. Rather than a simple manifestation of one state exerting material ‘power over' another, bringing nuclear power to Japan involved a series of compromises worked out within and between state and civil society in both Japan and the USA. Ideologies of nationalism, imperialism and modernity underpinned the process, coalescing in post-war debates about the future trajectory of Japanese society, Japan's Cold War alliance with the USA and the role of nuclear power in both. Consent to nuclear power was secured through the generation of a psychological state in the public mind combining the fear of nuclear attack and the hope of unlimited consumption in a nuclear-fuelled post-modern world.