企业补充医疗保险须同步发展

国务院颁发了《关于建立城镇职工基本医疗保险制度的决定》（国发［１９９８］４４号文）后,把“低水平、广覆盖”确定为一项基本原则,这意味着基本医疗保险制度对各类人群的医疗保障将主要体现社会的公平原则,而难以充分照顾不同人群的现实差别,以满足多层次的医疗需求。特别是统筹基金最高支付限额以上的医疗费用,需要依靠发展企业补充医疗保险加以解决。因此在推进基本医疗保险制度的同时,需要同步发展企业补充医疗保险。一、发展企业补充医疗保险能够满足广大电力职工健康保障的需求社会主义市场经济的建立使得企业效益和职工收入…     

谈职工基本医疗保险管理

<正> 加快医疗保险制度改革,保障职工基本医疗,是建立社会主义市场经济体制的客观要求和重要保障。在认真总结近几年改革试点经验的基础上,国家从1999年推行了城镇职工基本医疗保险制度改革,其出发点是,根据财政、企业和个人的承受能力,建立保障职工基本医疗需求的社会主义医疗保险制度。基本医疗保险的水平要与社会主义初级阶段生产力发展水平相适应;城镇所有用人单位及其职工都要参加医疗保险,实行属地管理,其保险费用由用     

企业医改难点分析及其对策

根据国务院关于开展职工医疗保障制度改革的精神，1996年7月广西壮族自治区劳动厅批复同意我公司(原广西电力工业局)开展医疗保险制度改革试点工作，标志着公司的职工医疗由福利型医疗制度向医疗保险制度的转化，由企业保险制度向社会共济制度的转化，由大小病无所不包的制度向只保障基本医疗需求的基本医疗保险制度的转化。     

构筑职工抵御医疗风险的五道防线

国务院１９９８年１２月印发了《关于建立城镇职工基本医疗保险制度的决定》 ,该制度覆盖包括国有企业、集体企业在内的所有城镇用人单位及其职工的基本医疗保险。按照属地管理原则 ,以地级以上行政区为统筹单位 ,执行统一政策 ,实行基本医疗保险基金的统一筹集、使用和管理。由于电力行业比地方企业效益好 ,医疗待遇高 ,实行属地统筹管理后 ,势必要降低原来已享受到的医疗待遇水平。如何结合电力行业特点 ,构筑职工抵御医疗风险的多重保障 ,四川省电力系统采取的措施是 :一、参加基本医疗保险基本医疗保险制度是职工抵御医疗风险的第一道也…     

城乡医疗救助制度的现状、主要问题与建设重点

城乡医疗救助制度通过对困难家庭成员的直接救助与资助参加社会医疗保险, 对缓解困难家庭医疗支出负担起到了积极作用。 城乡医疗救助制度目前主要存在的直接救助水平过低、 财政投入非制度化以及审批手续繁琐、 病种限制过严等问题, 可以从提高直接救助水平、 扩大救助病种目录、 借鉴相关社保制度、 开展多样化救助, 以及加强基层医疗卫生建设、 对城乡困难家庭成员开展健康教育与继续提高医疗保险的保障水平等方面重点加强建设, 另外也应重视城乡医疗救助的信息化建设。     

职工补充医疗保险管理及实操对比

<正>作为提升职工福利水平的一项重要制度,国有企业补充医疗保险不仅有利于实现多层次的医疗保险体系,更能够减轻职工医疗费用支出。因此,如何发挥补充医疗保险的最大作用,使之切实成为基本医疗保险的延伸,已经成为国有企业必须思考的重要课题。补充医疗保险是企业在国家统一制订的基本医疗保险之外,根据自身的经济实力,在履行了缴纳基本医疗保险费义务之后,专门为本企业职工建立的附加保险。补充医疗保险是基本医疗保险的补充形式,对基本医疗保险制度支付以外由个人负担的医疗费用进行适当补助,以减轻职工和退休人员的医疗费用负担。补充医疗保     

了解医改政策 积极面对改革

为使广大职工更进一步了解医改政策,积极面对改革,本文对国务院颁发的《关于建立城镇职工基本医疗保险制度的决定》（以下简称《决定》）中规定的政策要点及相关内容分述如下：一、为什么要加快职工医疗保险制度改革建立于５０年代初期的公费、劳保医疗制度,曾对保障职...     

新生儿未参保之谜:基本事实、成因及其影响

中国已基本实现全民医疗保险覆盖,基本医疗保险参保率多年维持在95%以上,剩下的未参保人群成为真正实现全民医疗保险的“最后一公里”。精准识别未参保人群对于完善当前医疗保障制度具有重要意义。本文基于中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),描述了大量新生儿未参加基本医疗保险的事实,并实证分析了参保率较低的原因及其对医疗服务利用的影响。描述性统计结果显示,新生儿参保率不足1/2,大大低于其他年龄阶段人群的参保率。进一步实证分析发现,父母不了解新生儿参保政策信息、基层组织缺乏向新生儿家庭宣传参保政策的激励是新生儿参保率低的主要原因。最后,考察未参保对新生儿医疗服务利用产生的影响,发现未参保状态显著降低了新生儿的医疗服务利用率。为了提高新生儿基本医疗保险参保率,政府一方面应针对性地加强新生儿医疗保险政策宣传,降低新生儿参保的信息障碍;另一方面应积极推动新生儿自动纳入基本医疗保障范围,甚至应考虑制定专门针对新生儿的医疗保健计划。     

数字新闻

8 0 0 0万人目前 ,全国已有近 80 0 0万人从基本医疗保险制度改革中受益 ,广大职工群众的基本医疗得到了有力保障。这一改革措施正在全国范围内稳步推开 ,各地一方面抓政策落实 ,一方面开始加紧制定实施细则。曾经在我国实行了 4 0多年的公费、劳保医疗制度虽然覆盖着约 1 4亿职工 ,但却只包括机关事业单位、国有和集体企业职工 ,外资企业、股份制企业、私营企业的职工和个体工商户无法得到有效的基本医疗保障。而以“低水平 ,广覆盖”为宗旨的基本医疗保险制度旨在覆盖城镇所有用人单位及其职工 ,一旦建立健全 ,将使我国享受基本医疗保障的…     

河北省整合城乡居民基本医疗保险制度面临的问题及对策研究

医疗保障作为城乡居民生存和发展的基本需求,是"城乡统筹发展"的重要保证。河北省整合城乡居民基本医疗保险制度试点取得了一定的成就,但也存在着诸多问题,如建立长效的筹资机制问题、资源浪费及覆盖面不够广的问题、医疗费用补偿问题、信息管理系统整合问题等。本文在借鉴山东省及重庆市在整合城乡居民基本医疗保险制度方面的经验的基础上,提出了相应的解决措施,助推河北省整合城乡居民基本医疗保险制度的进程。     

目前高校学生档案管理的困境及对策剖析

高等院校学生档案是学生在校期间各方面表现及社会实践活动的真实记录,是国家选拔任用人才的重要依据,然而目前我国高校学生档案管理存在学生档案材料不全面、档案管理制度不完善、现代化软件管理系统不健全等诸多问题。本文对这些问题进行了分析,并提出了加强高校学生档案的相应对策。     

大学生就业的人力资源市场分析

大学生就业是当前社会关注的热点问题。为促进大学生就业,文章立足社会调查数据,采用描述性实证分析的方法,挖掘出大学生就业难的劳动力市场深层次原因,提出提高大学生人力资源配置和使用效率的路径选择。     

Harmonizing regulatory regimes for the governance of patient-generated health data

Patient-generated health data (PGHD), created and captured from patients via wearable devices and mobile apps, are proliferating outside of clinical settings. Examples include sleep trackers, fitness trackers, continuous glucose monitors, and RFID-enabled implants, with many additional biometric or health surveillance applications in development or envisioned. These data are included in growing stockpiles of personal health data (PHI) being mined for insight by health economists, policy analysts, researchers, and health system organizations. Dominant narratives position these highly personal data as valuable resources to transform healthcare, stimulate innovation in medical research, and engage individuals in their health and healthcare. Large tech companies are also increasingly implicated in these areas, through mobile health application sales and data acquisitions. Given the many possible uses and users for PGHD, ensuring privacy, security, and equity of benefits from PGHD will be challenging. This is due in part to disparate regulatory policies and practices across technology firms, health system organizations, and health researchers. Rapid developments with PGHD technologies and the lack of harmonization between regulatory regimes may render existing safeguards to preserve patient privacy and control over their PGHD ineffective, while also failing to guide PGHD-related innovation in socially desirable directions. Using a policy regime lens to explore these challenges, we examine three existing data protection regimes relevant to PGHD in the United States that are currently in tension with one another: federal and state health-sector laws, regulations on data use and reuse for research and innovation, and industry self-regulation of consumer privacy by large tech companies. We argue that harmonization of these regimes is necessary to meet the challenges of PGHD data governance. We next examine emerging governing instruments, identifying three types of structures (organizational, regulatory, technological/algorithmic), which synergistically could help enact needed regulatory oversight while limiting the friction and economic costs of regulation that may hinder innovation. This policy analysis provides a starting point for further discussions and negotiations among stakeholders and regulators to do so.     

转型时期的卫生问题与健康公平

中国在如何建立与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的卫生事业等公共服务方面的改革还没有取得相应的成果。近年来．卫生改革的效率和公平性在某种程度上甚至出现了下降的状况。医疗费用快速上涨引发的看病贵、看病难问题已经成为人们普遍关注的经济和社会热点问题。本文在叙述经济转型过程中的卫生事业面临的挑战和问题的基础上，着重探讨问题的成因和根源，在完善社会主义市场经济体制的背景下对如何增强卫生发展的公平与效率、充分发挥医疗卫生和健康保障在建设和谐社会中的作用提出一些意见和建议。     

Indicators of Local Housing Affordability: Comparative and Spatial Approaches

This paper focuses on the measurement of local housing affordability problems. A number of different housing market indicators are offered that help identify the magnitude and nature of housing affordability problems and their geographic distribution. This interest is prompted by the predominance of housing affordability problems and the severity of the problems for many of the lowest income renter households. In addition, there is significant policy interest in "the national goal that every American family be able to afford a decent home in a suitable environment" (National Affordable Housing Act of 1990). This paper develops measures of the spatial distribution of affordability problems and implements measures of the mismatch between the demand and supply of housing affordable to the lowest income households.     

农民工医疗保障制度的路径选择探析

结合我国农民工特点和权利诉求、农民工医疗保障存在的难题,运用社会保障的基本理论,提出建立我国农民工医疗保障有效供给制度的路径选择,完善农民工特殊医疗保障项目和医疗救助体系;建立农民工医疗保障中间代理组织;加快农民工医疗保障与其他医疗保障制度的衔接,逐步向城乡居民统一提供公共卫生服务。     

“Engineering Economics Jeopardy!” Mobile App for University Students

This article presents the “Engineering Economics Jeopardy!” mobile app development process and college students’ satisfaction assessment of the developed app. The app includes a general tools E-book, calculator, reference tables, conceptual questions, and calculation problems in an engaging fashion. The E-book is a summary of the key concepts of engineering economics. The calculator provides functions to solve basic engineering economics problems with formulas. The tables allow the users to compute discrete compound interest factors. Through this Jeopardy! game, users can compete with two virtual opponents that have artificial intelligence to answer conceptual questions and calculation problems. Different sets of problems range from the simple questions on the time value of money to more complex concepts, such as sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, and supply–demand equilibrium. This app is intended to give students more opportunity to learn and practice concepts of engineering economics whenever and wherever they want using their mobile devices. Accomplishments of this work include the following:

• “Engineering Economics Jeopardy!” mobile app has been developed and distributed.

• Five thousand people have downloaded the app so far.

• The effectiveness of the developed app has been researched with 116 college students who were enrolled in engineering economics courses across two semesters.

     

Eating to save the planet: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial using individual-level food purchase data

Meat consumption is a major driver of climate change. Interventions that reduce meat consumption may improve public health and promote environmental sustainability. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of an awareness-raising intervention on meat consumption. We randomized undergraduate classes into treatment and control groups. Treatment groups received a 50-minute lecture on how food choices affect climate change, along with information about the health benefits of reduced meat consumption. Control classrooms received a lecture on a placebo topic. We analyzed 49,301 students’ meal purchases in the college dining halls before and after the intervention. We merged food purchase data with survey data to study heterogenous treatment effects and disentangle mechanisms. Participants in the treatment group reduced their purchases of meat and increased their purchases of plant-based alternatives after the intervention. The probability of purchasing a meat-based meal fell by 4.6 percentage points (p < 0.01), whereas the probability of purchasing a plant-based meal increased by 4.2 percentage points (p = 0.04). While the effects were stronger during the semester of the intervention, dietary shifts persisted and remained statistically significant through the full academic year. Our study provides evidence that an intervention based on informing consumers and encouraging voluntary shifts can effectively reduce the demand for meat. Our findings help to inform the international food policy debate on how to counter rising global levels of meat consumption to achieve climate change goals. To our knowledge, our study is the first to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention to reduce meat consumption using such high-quality data (i.e. individual-level food purchases) over a prolonged period.     

基本医疗卫生制度公共提供的经济学分析——对“新医改方案”基本医疗卫生制度公共提供的政策解读

我国城乡居民普遍存在＂看病难、看病贵＂的现象,造成这种现象的一个重要原因是基本医疗卫生制度的提供过度市场化。基本医疗卫生制度具有公共产品的属性,应该采用公共提供的方式。2009年4月7日我国出台了＂医药卫生体制改革近期重点实施方案（2009-2011年）＂,＂新医改方案＂要求把基本医疗卫生制度作为公共产品向全民提供。在对基本医疗卫生制度的公共产品属性进行了分析之后,探讨了＂新医改方案＂对于缓解我国城乡居民＂看病难、看病贵＂的积极作用。     

基本公共医疗卫生服务均等化的约束条件与公共财政支出

基本公共医疗卫生服务是基本公共服务的一个重要组成部分,因此它当然是公共财政、民生财政的一个重要建设标的。文章从研究我国基本公共医疗卫生服务实现的限制条件出发,提出公共财政、民生财政支持基本公共医疗卫生服务均等化的理由,进而具体分析公共财政如何从广度和深度上支持基本公共医疗卫生服务均等化。