基本农田保护--问题与对策

今年2月17日,国土资源部和农业部联合下发了《全国基本农田保护检查工作方案》,标志着全国基本农田保护检查工作正式启动。据悉,几个月来,全国各地分阶段层层开展了检查工作,经过广泛的宣传发动,目前全国基本农田保护检查工作进展顺利,大部分地区已进入自查自纠和整改阶段。基本农田保护检查是落实党中央、国务院要求,实施宏观调控、严格土地管理、保护和提高粮食生产能力的重要措施。检查的根本目的在于,找出当前基本农田保护中存在的突出问题,该整改的及时整改,该完善制度的要建章立制。本文正是通过大量的调查研究和分析,对当前我国基本农田保护中存在的突出问题作了较为详尽的分析和较为深入的思考,并从政策、经济、法律、行政、生态、以及技术等多个角度,多层次地提出了解决的方案和措施,对如何进一步完善基本农田保护制度、建立管理的长效机制,具有一定的参考价值。     

城市区域基本农田保护的思考与定位

加强城市区域的基本农田保护,合理利用每一寸土地,对维持耕地总量的动态平衡,促进城市的生态建设和持续发展都将产生深远的影响。在分析了当前我国城市基本农田保护所面临严峻的形势与压力的基础上,从优化土地利用、美化城市环境、促进产业发展等方面阐明了保护的意义和作用,并提出我国城市基本农田保护工作的定位和六点思考问题。     

规划修编与基本农田保护

基本农田保护内容的制度演进改革开放以来,基本农田保护经历了以下阶段:1.1995年《基本农田保护条例》颁布后,国家在全国范围内开展了大规模基本农田规划编制、划定工作,920多个国家级商品粮、棉、油生产基地及城市周边、交通沿线的高产稳产耕地被划入基本农田保护区,各地还制定了一系列行之有效的措施进行后续保护工作。2.1999年新《土地管理法》及配套法规中,将保护耕地和基本农田确定为法定的规划内容。在1997年～2010年全国土地利用总体规划纲要中,提出了“在保护和改善生态环境前提下,实现耕地总量动态平衡”的战略目标,通过省、地、县…     

探索基本农田保护之路——湖北荆州基本农田保护的历程与做法

<正>荆州,全国基本农田保护发祥地。从1988年原荆州地区划定第一块基本农田,到1989年原国家正式确立"基本农田"这一概念,再到2008年党的十七届三中全会决定"划定永久基本农田",荆州市基本农田保护走过了一段不平凡的历程。做法来源于基层的首创精神1987年,原荆州地区开展非农业用地清理发现,1979年~1987年人均耕地从1.63亩下降至1.34亩。面对严峻的形势,原荆州地区土地管理局提出了县(市)、乡(镇)、村、组分别划定农田     

基本农田保护的困境与对策

近几年来，基本农田保护制度受到了严重的挑战，各种开发区、大学城在全国各地蜂拥而上，乱占耕地、滥用土地的现象死灰复燃，粮食安全受到威胁，农民失地失业触目惊心，以致有些官员和学者对基本农田保护制度心存怀疑，认为在一些地方已“形同虚设”。2003年冬以来，党中央、国务院高度重视“三农”问题、粮食安全和国民经济平稳运行，     

长春市的基本农田开发与保护

基本农田对稳定粮食产量,保证国民经济持续稳定发展至关重要;分析长春市所辖区县耕地、基本农田的状况和利用中存在的问题;在２０１０年用地需求的基础上,提出长春市基本农田面积应稳定在１０８．５万ｈｍ＾２;提出基本农田开发与保护的７条对策措施。     

国土空间规划中永久基本农田的保护问题研究——以浏阳市为例

确保粮食安全的首要任务是高质量提升粮食生产能力,在新一轮国土空间规划中严守耕地保护红线,全面落实永久基本农田保护制度是保障粮食安全的重要手段。本文以浏阳市第三次国土调查初步成果为基础,分析了浏阳市耕地及基本农田现状,探讨在新一轮国土空间规划中如何优化基本农田布局,并为实现基本农田保护目标提出相应的保障措施。     

基本农田保护与采矿塌陷控制

研究目的:探讨采矿塌陷与基本农田保护的关系,提出保护矿区基本农田的具体措施.研究方法:综合分析法.研究结果:采矿塌陷对水土环境及基本农田具有重要影响.研究结论:完善法律,严格司法和执法,采用新技术,开展科学研究等切实保护基本农田的具体措施.     

A simple compensation mechanism for flood protection services on farmland

Reservoirs for the transient storage of water in order to lower river flood peaks would usually be built on farmland and used in case of a serious flood event. Farmers’ willingness to have their lands included in a reservoir critically depends on the compensation they will obtain. Our paper proposes a new compensation scheme that consists of an unconditional annual payment and a reparation payment conditional on flooding. We determine the properties of an optimal contract offered by the river authorities to farmers that specifies the compensation scheme and the rules for the use of the reservoir. The two-tier payment scheme induces crop choices of farmers that lower the damage profile of land use and it covers the long-term costs of land use change to ensure voluntary participation. We illustrate the working of the payment scheme using data from a case study from the river Tisza in Hungary.     

基本农田保护制度需完善的几个方面

实行最严格的耕地保护制度,特别是基本农田保护制度,使基本农田得到长效的、切切实实的保护,必须以实事求是的态度,在保护和管理上做到“严”而不“僵”。目前,基本农田保护中存在的问题主要有:1.基本农田保护规划管理过于僵化。基本农田保护区是通过土地利用总体规划和基本农田保护专项规划确定的,在土地利用总体规划修编时,尽管经过多方面调查论证,力求科学合理,但随着时间的推移,难免会出现一些难以预料的情况,当这些情况发生时,现行的基本农田保护制度缺乏合理调整的空间。如因自然灾害等因素使基本农田遭到毁坏,短期内又无法恢复,导致…     

Scenario farmland protection zoning based on production potential: A case study in China

Establishing farmland protection areas is an important measure for developing countries to protect limited farmland resources and guarantee food security. The general approaches lack the ability to simulate the farmlands’ production potential under different scenarios. This paper proposes a modified farmland protection zoning framework to demarcate farmland protection by coupling the Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ) model with a state-of-the-art farmland protection zoning framework. The modified zoning framework was applied to China, a typical fast developing country. The results indicated that the average potential production of the entire country would increase by 2.96 % in the coming decade if the irrigation efficiency criteria of 55 % established by the National Program for Agricultural Water Conservation (2012–2020) can be fulfilled. Furthermore, the farmland protection area could also be reduced by 2.91 % (2.96 million ha) while the total production potential of the protected areas would remain unchanged. This study contributes two main aspects: (1) The AEZ model was used as a replacement for the general land-use suitability analysis (LUSA) or multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) based farmland assessment models in a farmland zoning framework, which can accurately assess the production potential of the farmland protection demarcation. (2) This farmland protection zoning approach can analyze and simulate a wide range of scenarios on the effect of environmental factors (climate, soil, terrain, etc.) and human production factors (irrigation condition, cropping system, etc.).     

The potential effect of national growth-management policy on urban sprawl and the depletion of open spaces and farmland

The debate over the effectiveness of growth-management policies reinforces the importance of empirical studies in this field, which has become not just relevant but also crucial to many places. Israel, through its spatial national-level planning, experienced especially during the 1990s, presents an empirical example that may be used to address a complementary strategy to the one that is most commonly used, as this paper suggests. This strategy is based on an examination of the future potential impact of growth-management tools proposed by national plans on the depletion of open space and farmland versus the consequences expected from the continuation of current trends. Accordingly an appropriate methodology is introduced for implementing this strategy.     

Tracking urban sprawl: Using spatial data to inform farmland preservation policy

The development of state farmland preservation policies has primarily relied upon results of the Census of Agriculture that is updated every 5 years by the USDA National Agriculture Statistics Service. Questions about the suitability of the Census of Agriculture center on the measures of total farmland and total cropland as reported by agricultural producers. The reliance on these variables fails to distinguish between conversion to developed uses and other fluctuations in the total availability of farmland. This inability to directly measure farmland conversion to developed uses has been shown to influence state level farmland preservation policies. The policies of Illinois and Indiana highlight the disparate approaches, with Illinois pursuing an intensive policy to protect farmland and Indiana choosing to not address farmland preservation at a state level. In order to assess the suitability of the different approaches to farmland preservation policy it is critical to evaluate the Census of Agriculture data used to justify the policies of Illinois and Indiana.     

The effect of land use regulations on farmland protection and non‐agricultural land conversions in China

This paper examines the effect of the Prime Farmland Protection Regulation in protecting high quality farmland from urban development and the subsequent effect on non‐farmland conversion in China in the first decade after the Regulation came into effect (1995‐2005). The empirical evaluation is conducted with geo‐referenced panel data for the entire country. Results indicate that the rate of farmland conversion was reduced during 1995‐2000. About two‐fifths of the reduction results from the protection of farmland with high grain productivity. There is no evidence of the effectiveness of the Regulation in protecting farmland during the period 2000–2005, regardless of land quantity or quality. Farmland development was accompanied by a reduction in forests and grasslands during the period from 1995 through to 2005.     

Integrating farmland in urban green infrastructure planning. An evidence synthesis for informed policymaking

The Green Infrastructure (GI) Strategy was adopted by the European Commission in 2013, to promote the deployment of GI by integrating it into main policy areas. Despite a high level of awareness for a policy integration across sectors at the EU level, urban and peri-urban farmland (UPUF) is up to now barely considered. A systematic evidence base addressing the contributions of UPUF can support a more informed policymaking. To address this, our paper developed a first evidence synthesis, to evaluate potential of UPUF contributing to policy objectives, thereby tackling major urban challenges. Furthermore an analysis of policy documents revealed gaps on the current state of policymaking and potentials for the integration in future policies. Due to a reciprocal consideration between EU level policies and scientific knowledge this work provides information that help to further construct scientific evidence to address policy concerns while taking into account multiple perspectives. Furthermore, we discussed the implications of our findings for further UGI research and policymaking and thus hope to extend the current political debate across policy sectors.     

基于多智能体的城市生态保护红线多情景模拟

生态红线划定是城市可持续发展的基础,目前的生态红线划定主要采用国家生态红线划分标准来进行,没有考虑与城市建设用地空间的相互协调,为了解决这一问题,以多智能体系统理论为基础构建"城市建设用地—生态保护红线"协调的决策模型,协调城市建设发展与生态环境保护的现实需要,确定不同保护和发展模式下的城市生态红线。以鄂州市作为研究区域进行实验,模拟了不同生态保护模式下的生态保护红线划定情况,结果表明在生态红线划定中考虑多主体的决策因素有助于协调优化城市生态环境保护与城市发展的矛盾。     

Economic development and farmland protection: An assessment of rewarded land conversion quotas trading in Zhejiang,China

Facing a substantial loss of farmland in the reform era, the Chinese central government established a highly centralized land management system in 1998 to guarantee its capacity to meet the domestic food needs. In order to maintain high-speed economic growth, local governments in China made great efforts to circumvent the stringent constraint on land use by launching various innovative land management schemes, among which Zhejiang's rewarded land conversion quotas (RLCQ) trading scheme, a program similar to the transfer of development rights (TDR) in Western countries, has attracted a lot of policy and scholarly attention. In this research, we first provide an overview of China's farmland protection policy and the RLCQ trading scheme in Zhejiang Province. Then, using the system GMM estimator for economic growth models and a panel dataset of 69 local jurisdictions in Zhejiang Province covering the period of 1989–2008, we assess the impacts of RLCQ trading on local economic growth. The empirical results corroborate our hypotheses that participation in land quota trading in general led to faster local economic growth, and that the trading had a stronger and more lasting impact on the economic growth of the quota buyers than on that of the sellers. The analysis suggests that in order to balance the competing goals of economic development and farmland protection, market-based land management tools have a good potential for further development in China and other countries confronting similar challenges.