Why does redistribution not shrink when equality is high?

Studies on growth and distribution often claim that there is a positive relationship between the extent of inequality and the amount of redistribution. The following article presents empirical evidence for 15 high-income countries to show that even in economies with relatively high equality redistribution does not shrink, and offers a number of politico-economic explanations for this fact     

新媒体建设没有围墙

2009年4月18日．第五届中国户外广告大会将在杭州举行。据主办方透露．本次会议将针对中国户外新媒体所面临的问题展开讨论,其中．被业界公认的目前国内户外媒体最大的问题就在于：行业仍然是一盘散沙,以中小企业居多．凝聚力差,无行业标准与规则可言。     

市场不是线性的,所以营销也不是线性的

<正>在消费行为研究中,企业的市场研究人员往往会设计这样的提问方式,以家用空调产品为例,一系列的提问包括:"在购买空调时,您主要考虑哪些因素?"、"您考虑购     

Social support timing and persistence in nascent entrepreneurship: exploring when instrumental and emotional support is most effective

This paper investigates how the timing of social support, both emotional and instrumental support, affects entrepreneurial persistence of nascent entrepreneurs. Drawing on social support theory, we hypothesize that the effectiveness of support depends on when, during the venture development process (number of gestation activities completed), it is provided. We also propose that the impact of social support depends on when during the entrepreneur’s life stage (age) that support is made available. Testing our hypotheses using a longitudinal dataset of nascent entrepreneurs, we find that emotional support is most relevant earlier on during venture development, while instrumental support is most relevant for entrepreneurs who begin their businesses in earlier life stages.     

寒冬虽至 新媒体并不萧索

2008年已然走过,这注定是不平凡的一年。这一年的许多过往都值得大书特书,然而最令中国新媒体行业感同身受的,莫过于这个风雨飘摇的“经济寒冬”。正所谓覆巢之下,岂有完卵,独善其身已是困难。又遑论兼济天下,引领行业于水失之中？     

IBM和微软们为何不换标?

●谁说天经地义?换标,真是转型的随行伴侣吗?那为什么当年IBM由“机器”转而“服务”时不换标?而IBM恰恰是迄今战略转型挑战最大、成效最佳的成功案例。从商学院到CEO,几乎到了谈转型言必称IBM的地步。再者,为什么当年微软由PC平台急转互联网时不换标?而微软实现转型的势头之猛     

Developing a model of housing support: the evidence from Merseyside

This paper examines the complexities of providing housing support services for people who have experienced homelessness. The evidence is from a qualitative study of both those receiving and those providing support services for homeless people to resettle into the wider community from homeless accommodation in the Merseyside area. Different approaches of support are considered and using narratives, a model of successful support is established. The experiences of the majority of the service users strongly suggest that support has been critical in assisting a resettled way of life after being homeless. The paper contends that a critical prerequisite of successful support is the strength of desire of the homeless person to become resettled, coupled with a degree of motivation to engage with support services. The importance of such motivation should not be underestimated. Equally important to the success of resettlement is the relationship that most clients develop with a support worker. This relationship can initially develop while attempting to resolve practical difficulties of finding suitable, permanent accommodation. Through a mutual respect between worker and client and a high degree of empathy from a worker towards a client in tandem with an individualized support package aimed at independent living successful outcomes can occur. The paper concludes that support is successful when it is provided in a flexible manner thus relying on the skill and ability of a support worker to adequately judge the exact requirements of a service user. When this delicate balance between support and service user needs is achieved, the outcome is long‐term sustainable housing solutions.     

Processes of firm growth and diversification: theory and evidence

Investigating the role of diversification in the firm growth process, we build on Penrose’s (The theory of the growth of the firm. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1959) Theory of the Growth of the Firm to formulate hypotheses about growth of employment, assets and sales in the years before, during and after a new product introduction. We exploit a new database from the German machine tool industry that boasts a detailed and meaningful definition of diversification. Our exploratory analyses indicate that diversification, in terms of product introductions, is preceded by employment growth. Moreover, we find support that diversification is positively associated with subsequent asset growth, but negatively associated with subsequent employment growth.     

Training does not imply learning: the individual’s perspective

Using recent empirical findings from an in-depth study in the Financial Services Sector in the UK, this article provides new insights into the association between training and learning from the individual’s perspective. The analysis provides an account of the perceptions of individual managers across three Retail Banks regarding the role, significance and impact of training as a learning opportunity and shows the multiplicity of factors affecting whether individuals actually learn from training. The findings challenge some of the assumptions which have guided our thinking in the management training and development field. The implications of the findings for research and practice are considered.     

Bank generic strategies: does Porter's theory apply in an international banking center

This study examines banks' competitive strategies and their relationship with performance in a highly internationalized banking center, Hong Kong. The factor analysis results have, by and large, provided support to Porter's three strategy typology. Nevertheless, the empirical findings from the cluster analysis and the subsequent inter-group comparison of performances have cast doubt on Porter's stuck-in-the-middle proposition by demonstrating that banks adopting a multi-strategic approach did outperform other strategically monotonous rivals. While the stuck-in-the-middle proposition is grounded in the premise of inherent inconsistencies for pursuing more than one generic strategy simultaneously, the resource-based view and the present empirical findings hint at the feasibility for well-resourced banks to combine apparently incompatible value creating activities in a synergistic way to achieve integrated flexibility and consequently, a sustainable multi-strategic position. It is suggested that this feasibility very much depends on a bank's organizing and coordinating capabilities that are developed and refined through managerial commitment, learning and experience, as well as a careful assessment of various organizational activities and its inter-relationships within the entire business system.     

回到老家

将城市的区位、生态环境、港口等优势整合,让其实现累加与互动,谋取在城市开放与发展中单体优势难以发挥的几何级效应,推动港口经济、大学经济、体育经济、旅游经济、会展经济等特色服务经济蓬勃发展,使日照在不停的走出去、请进来中累积出服务业在三次产业中所占的越来越高的比重,对外开放成就了城市经济结构的优雅转型。     

The dynamics of switching between governmental and independent venture capitalists: theory and evidence

Small Business Economics - In this paper, we study the switching dynamics between independent VCs (IVCs) and governmental VCs (GVCs) by means of a theoretical model and an empirical analysis. By...     

Cross-border mergers and market concentration in a vertically related industry: theory and evidence

We present a tractable model of oligopoly to identify the linkages between local competition and cross-border mergers in a vertically related industry. We show that the incentives for cross-border mergers rise with vertical integration in an industry when the premerger concentration in that industry is sufficiently high relative to the concentration in the same industry in a foreign country. We also show that the incentives for a merger between a foreign firm and a vertically integrated home firm will be higher than that for a merger between a foreign firm and a disintegrated home firm, when the premerger concentration at home is low relative to the premerger concentration in the foreign country. We then analyze a firm-level panel of 90,614 M&A observations, between 1990 and 2012, from 86 countries. Logistic regressions confirm that market concentration is an important determinant of cross-border M&A. Our results support the conjectures of our theoretical model and are consistent with recent empirical findings and theoretical predictions.     

企业党风廉政建设责任追究不到位的剖析与对策

责任追究是企业实行党风廉政建设责任制的关键环节、核心问题.只有建立科学规范的运行机制,坚持事前防范,事中控制,和事后追究的原则,才能保证党风廉政建设责任制的真正落实.但从目前形式来看,很多单位和部门都存在责任追究不到位的情况,严重影响企业党风廉政建设的落实和效果.     

专家谈:“非典”不改中国经济增长内在趋势

“非典”疫情对国民经济的影响究竟有多大?国务院发展研究中心近日发表的一份报告初步评估了“非典”对今年经济走势的直接冲击和间接影响,并运用宏观经济月度计量模型和投入产出分析法进行了短期预测。这一预测的基本假定前提是,国际贸易趋势不发生大的变化,国内宏观经济政策保持连续性和稳定性,非典对消费信心、投资信心和出口环境的负面影响极为严重。在这些基本假定条件下,按疫情可能持续的时间进行分季度预测,主要结果为:在不考虑疫情的基准情况下,今年全国GDP增长可望达到8.85%;如果疫情仅持续到二季度,全年GDP增长可达8.35%,放慢0…     

Balance and agility training does not always decrease lower limb injury risks: a cluster-randomised controlled trial

The objective of this study was to examine the effects on lower limb injury rates of adding structured balance and agility exercises to the 80-day basic training programme of army recruits. A blocked (stratified), cluster-randomised controlled trial was employed, with one intervention group (IG) and one control group (CG), in which 732 male and 47 female army recruits from the Australian Army Recruit Training Centre participated through to analysis. The IG performed specified balance and agility exercises in addition to normal physical training. The incidence of lower limb injury during basic training was used to measure effect. Analysis, which adhered to recommendations for this type of trial, used a weighted paired t-test based on the empirical logistic transform of the crude event rates. The intervention had no statistically significant effect on lower limb injury incidence (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.97–1.53, 90% CI 1.04–1.47), on knee and ankle injury incidence (RR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.83–1.38), and on knee and ankle ligament injury incidence (RR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.64–1.47). We conclude that the intervention, implemented in this fashion, is possibly harmful, with our best estimate of effect being a 25% increase in lower limb injury incidence rates. This type of structured balance and agility training added to normal military recruit physical training did not significantly reduce lower limb, knee and ankle, or knee and ankle ligament injury rates. Caution needs to be used when adding elements to training programmes with the aim of reducing injury, as fatigue associated with the addition may actually raise injury risk.     

基于需求层次理论的新城服务支撑体系构建

通过对中新城发展的过程分析,结合人的需求层次理论,提出新区服务支撑体系建设的构架体系.并根据新城的发展时序提出服务支撑体系的具体构架策略.     

You get what you give: theory and evidence of reciprocity in the sharing economy

We develop an analytical framework of peer interaction in the sharing economy that incorporates reciprocity, the tendency to increase (decrease) effort in response to others’ increased (decreased) effort. In our model, buyers (sellers) can induce sellers (buyers) to exert more effort by behaving well themselves. We demonstrate that this joint increased effort can improve the utility of both parties and influence the market equilibrium. We also show that bilateral reputation systems, which allow both buyers and sellers to review each other, are more responsive to reciprocity than unilateral reputation systems. By rewarding reciprocal behavior, bilateral reputation systems generate trust among strangers and informally regulate their behavior. We test the predictions of our model using data from Airbnb, a popular peer-to-peer accommodation platform. We show that Airbnb hosts that are more reciprocal receive higher ratings and that higher rated hosts can increase their prices. Therefore, reciprocity affects equilibrium prices on Airbnb through its impact on ratings, as predicted by our analytical framework.