The impact of subprime mortgage on correlation between stock and FX markets

Our researching period contains the American subprime mortgage crisis, an insignificant financial crisis and the Asian financial crisis periods. We analyse and compare the interrelations between the stock and Foreign Exchange (FX) markets in Taiwan by the daily data of stock prices and NTD/US exchange rates. The empirical results found that there is no effect on the long-term equilibrium between the stock and FX markets during the American subprime mortgage crisis. It also shows that, whether financial crisis occurs or not, there is no cointegration between the stock and FX markets. Furthermore, the results find that there exists bidirectional causality between the stock and FX markets among the American subprime mortgage crisis and the Asian financial crisis period. However, there is only unidirectional relationship from stock prices to exchange rates during insignificant financial crisis period. Such results imply that two financial crises do significantly affect the short-term interrelationships between the stock and FX markets and lead to more importance for the connection between two markets.     

汇率与股价波动研究——基于中国与日本高频数据的ARCH检验

次贷危机发生前，汇率与股指存在ARCH效应，且均有不对称信息的冲击，波动存在持续性的影响；次贷危机发生后，汇率与股价都不存在ARCH效应，系统性风险和非系统性风险暴露出来使得汇率对股市的波动影响降低，从而促进投资者风险得到有效对坤。     

A stylized model of home buyers’ and bankers’ behaviours during the 2007-2009 US subprime mortgage crisis: a predatory perspective

We examine the behaviour of market agents during the years leading to the 2008 US subprime mortgage crisis using a stylized capital asset pricing model model. In our study, an average investor eager to make money by flipping houses meets a banker who offers him subprime mortgage deals. We refer to recent research that shows the mechanics of the psychological and behavioural components of these two market agents. In particular, much in line with the famous Stanford experiment, it is assumed that investors adopt a predator or a prey position. Our analysis shows that, given a historical tendency towards financial predatory acts on the part of market agents (including buyers), government regulations should be adapted and strengthened to face this dooming reality.     

Riding the Bubble: Financial Market Crises in Twenty-Two OECD Countries

In the past decade, financial markets have been hit twice by crisis, followed each time by recession (i.e., Enron and the subprime mortgage crisis). I present three theories to explain the dynamics of share prices: rational expectations, behavioral finance, and an institution-oriented theory. Institutional investors are the dominant actors on financial markets. They hold the majority of the share capital in big companies. They tend to drive financial markets to a higher level of risk (volatility). The greater the percentage of the share capital held by institutional investors in a company, the higher the volatility (variance) of the share price. The results of my multilevel analysis confirm this hypothesis (a sample of 1,369 firms in twenty-two OECD countries). There are also significant differences among the OECD countries. Whereas both financial market crises originated in the United States, the country did not have the highest level of volatility in the period from 2000 to 2013.     

Psychological Points of Equilibrium in Asset Valuation During Market Bubbles

This paper presents the concept of psychological point of equilibrium (PPE), which is a mental state achieved by average investors when trying to make decisions during market bubble's inflationary stages. The PPE results from an interplay between agents acting in a volatile market that is characterized by predatory behaviors. Prior to the 2008 subprime crisis, average investors are assumed to have displaced their logical PPEs in large part as a consequence of their attraction towards predatory mortgages and teaser rates. A better understanding of average investor's vulnerabilities may help governments to implement more efficient measures aimed at curving predatory behaviors.     

当前全球性金融危机的来由和发展趋势研究

由次贷危机引发的全球性金融危机,其背后更深层次的原因是牙买加国际货币体系的天然缺陷以及美国持续的内外失衡造成的.从目前的发展形势来看,当前金融危机不仅造成了全球金融市场的剧烈动荡和恐慌、信贷市场的急剧萎缩,严重打击了全球投资者和消费者的信心,延缓了全球实体经济增长的速度,而且提出了改革当前国际货币金融体系、增加国际金融组织在维护全球金融体系稳定的责任等重要课题.     

The more contagion effect on emerging markets: The evidence of DCC-GARCH model

The paper aims to test the existence of financial contagion between foreign exchange markets of several emerging and developed countries during the U.S. subprime crisis. As a result of DCC-GARCH analysis, we find the evidence of contagion during U.S. subprime crisis for most of the developed and emerging countries. Another finding is that emerging markets seem to be the most influenced by the contagion effects during U.S. subprime crisis. Since financial contagion is important for monetary policy, risk measurement, asset pricing and portfolio allocation, the findings of paper may be interest of policy makers, investors and portfolio managers.     

Contagion effects of the subprime crisis in the European NYSE Euronext markets

This paper presents three tests of contagion of the US subprime crisis to the European stock markets of the NYSE Euronext group. Copula models are used to analyse dependence structures between the US and the other stock markets in the sample, in the pre-crisis and in the subprime crisis periods. The first test assesses the existence of contagion on the relevant stock markets’ indices, the second checks the homogeneity of contagion intensities, and the third compares contagion in financial and in industrial sectors’ indices. Results suggest that contagion exists, and is equally felt, in most stock markets and that investors anticipated a spreading of the financial crisis to the indices of industrial sectors, long before such dissemination was observable in the real economy.     

美国次贷危机下的中国金融衍生品市场监管国际模式选择

由美国次贷危机引起的全球性金融危机已经全面蔓延,本文分析了金融衍生品与这次金融危机的关系,总结了金融衍生品的特性和各国对市场较典型的三种监管模式,比较其中利弊,并结合中国金融衍生品市场的现状探讨其监管模式的建立和完善。     

Evidence of cross-asset contagion in U.S. markets

This study examines evidence of cross-asset contagion among REIT, money, stock, bond, and currency markets in the US from 2006 to 2012, which covers the subprime and European sovereign debt crisis. We apply the Granger causality test and a vector auto-regression to examine the change of causality structure. Our results show that contagion exists from medium-term bond markets to equity markets; REIT, money markets and short-term bond markets show little evidence of cross-asset contagion with other markets; and the currency market shows high co-movement and contagion with equity markets. Our findings provide more rewarding asset reallocating strategies for the investors who invest in both bond and equity markets before a crisis to consider reallocating their portfolio into REIT and money markets to benefit from diversification during a crisis period.     

金融危机背景下中国高新技术产业面临的困难与对策

次贷危机引发的美国金融危机通过金融市场、贸易和预期3个机制对中国产生不利影响。高科技产业的高外向性、高风险性、高外部性和高收入弹性使其更易受到外部的冲击,使其出口、就业、融资和产出都面临下滑,并使产业集中度提高。我国应通过实施贸易多元化战略、加大财政投入和实施宽松的货币政策等措施来进行有效应对。     

警惕跨市场金融风险向保险业传递

次贷危机通过跨市场金融风险时世界保险业造成重创,所以分析研究垮市场全融风险向保险业传递的路径、过程和后果十分必要,得出的相应启示和建议也具有较大实践意义.将次贷危机作为实证分析基础,跨市场金融风险有源于交叉性金融产品和金融控股公司两种类型,CDO及CDS等交叉性金融工具和保险集团是典型跨市场金融风险向保险业传递的途径.这些风险的传递导致保险公司受到重创,也给保险业未来发展带来启迪.     

对金融衍生产品过度创新引致次贷危机的思考

次级抵押贷款是房地产抵押贷款市场的一种金融产品创新,为美国房地产的繁荣起到了巨大的推动作用。美国高风险次级抵押贷款的过度发放、以次级抵押贷款为基础资产的证券化产品和信用衍生品在全球金融市场泛滥,通过杠杆效应放大了实体经济中次级抵押贷款的风险,引致金融海啸。次级抵押贷款所带来的负面影响不容忽视,而金融产品创新要适度并要制定与完善监管体系。     

由美国次贷危机引发的中国商业银行住房信贷风险研究

美国次贷危机所引发的国际金融危机愈演愈烈,加大了中国经济运行的不确定性。这进一步加大了中国商业银行住房信贷业务的风险。对此,中国商业银行应充分借鉴美国次贷危机的启示,加强中国商业银行个人信贷风险管理。     

基于风险转移模型的次贷危机传导研究

利用金融体系风险转移模型及其对风险分担和金融稳定性的影响的理论分析了美国次贷危机中的风险分担和风险传导。分析表明,银行体系的激进性贷款行为和恶意转移风险的道德风险促成了次贷危机的生成与传导;而金融市场的衍生产品创新在转移和分散风险的同时,也放大了美国次贷危机的风险。     

The linkages,persistence, asymmetry in the volatility,the price discovery and efficiency,and the effect of the US subprime mortgage financial crisis on the spot and the futures market’s returns: the case of India

This article examines the effects of persistence, asymmetry and the US subprime mortgage crisis on the volatility of the returns and also the price discovery, efficiency and the linkages and causality between the spot and futures volatility by using various classes of the ARCH and GARCH models, and through the Granger’s causality. We have used two indices: one for spot and the other for futures, for the daily data from 12 June 2000 to 30 September 2013 from Nifty stock indices. We have then tested for ARCH effects, and subsequently employed various models of the ARCH and GARCH conditional volatility. The GARCH(1,1) model is found to be significant, and it implies that the returns are not autocorrelated and have ‘short memory’. It supports the hypothesis of the efficiency of the markets. The negative ‘news’ has more significant effect on volatility, corroborating the ‘leverage impact’ in finance on market volatility. We have also tested the volatility spillover effects. The two methods we employed support the spillover effects and the causality is bidirectional. We also have used the dummy variable for the US subprime mortgage financial crisis and found that they are statistically significant. Indian stock market is thus integrated to the world stock markets.     

Googling Investor’s Sentiment: Powerful Measure in Conventional and Islamic MENA Financial Markets

ABSTRACT

The objective of this paper is to investigate whether investors' sentiment measured by the Internet search behavior constitutes a valid measure of investor’s sentiment on Islamic and conventional indexes of emerging and frontier financial markets in MENA countries. In fact, we examine the relation between googling investor’s sentiment and monthly Islamic and conventional index returns during the period 2004–2016. Using the Dynamic Conditional Correlation, the BEKK-GARCH and the wavelet coherence models, we confirm that googling investor’s sentiment is a perfect indicator of investor’s sentiment measure. Indeed, we find that this measure has the ability to reflect major events such as subprime financial crisis, oil crisis and Arab spring revolution affecting MENA Islamic and conventional index markets. Our finding indicates that investors can use googling investor’s sentiment as an indicator to predict returns and volatility of emerging and frontier markets since it reflects the behavior and emotions of investors in MENA financial markets.     

The asymmetric price adjustment between REIT and stock markets in Asia-Pacific markets

This paper applies the threshold error correction model to examine the relationship for real estate investment trusts (REITs) and stock, and their asymmetric adjustment behaviors in six Asian/Pacific financial markets: Australia, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Korea, and Hong Kong. Our results show that there has been long-term equilibrium in REIT and stock indices in most of these markets. To earn exceptional profits, it is recommended that investors can sell (buy) the REITs when the indices of REITs are lower (higher) than equilibrium in Australia, Singapore and Taiwan; on the other hand, they should sell (buy) when the REIT market goes up (down) in Hong Kong and Japan. A causality test revealed that previous information about stocks predicted changes in the REITs in all the Asian/Pacific markets. One can also find that the lead–lag relationships are significant. The threshold EC model predicts two-way causality under both the regimes for the financial markets in most countries during all the sample periods. In addition, the adjustment speeds for the stock indices are faster than that for the REIT indices as disequilibrium occurs. This paper also finds that the previous mentioned trading strategies generally remained the same during the period of sub-prime mortgage crisis. However, the threshold EC model predicts one-way causality for both the regimes for the financial markets in most countries during this crisis period. In addition, we also find that the severe shock in REIT markets led investors in Australia and Taiwan to be more conservative during this period. The REIT indices had more effect on stock indices after the sub-prime mortgage crisis. According to the empirical results, we can infer that the degree of market imbalance and the occurrence of the sub-prime mortgage crisis induce the changes in the investment behavior of market participants.     

略论资产证券化与美国次级贷款危机

次贷危机的爆发与资产证券化市场的发展息息相关。一方面,资产证券化作为金融创新的重要方式,推动了美国经济的增长;但另一方面,资产证券化在开放的金融体系中会加速风险和危机的传播和扩散,加大系统性风险和金融危机的传染效应,使局部性金融危机或个案性金融危机演变成全球性金融危机。因此,加强金融创新中的风险控制是美国次贷危机给我们的重要启示。     

What can wavelets unveil about the vulnerabilities of monetary integration? A tale of Eurozone stock markets

The study has two main objectives: (i) to investigate whether there is pure contagion or fundamental-based contagion/interdependence among the Eurozone equity markets (Germany, France, Italy, Spain and Netherlands), attributable to the shocks stemming from nine major crises around the world (ii) to investigate the evolution of market integration, whether mainly short-run or long-run. Wavelet decompositions, in both its discrete and continuous forms, are employed to unveil the multi-horizon nature of co-movements, volatility and lead–lag relationships. This is to unveil the path of linkages and the behavior underlying the transmission mechanism of financial shocks across major Eurozone stock markets. Evidence also supports the presence of common shocks whereby equity markets in Eurozone are significantly affected by episodic crisis events globally. Prior to the recent subprime crisis, contagion effects have generated short-term shocks that may potentially involve, among other factors, excessive channels. In stark contrast, the most recent US subprime crisis and EMU sovereign debt crisis reveal the evidence of fundamental-based contagion. We also find the increasing short-run and long-run stock market integration, driven by several stages of the establishment of EMU. Policy implications for regulators and investors are discussed in the context of continued monetary integration.