A dynamic demand analysis for electrical energy by class of consumer

Conclusion In the preceding discussion, the price responsiveness of consumers has been estimated. The results not only indicate consumer reaction to changes in price is significant, but also they should completely dispel any argument over the efficacy of the market mechanism to restore equilibrium between supply and demand. Note, however, that demand is relatively inelastic, implying that a large change in price is needed to induce a sufficient change in the quantity demanded for the restoration of equilibrium. If the problem is to curtail the sales of electricial energy, the solution is obvious. The author would like to thank Joseph R. Antos and J. Wilson Mixon of the Bureau of Labor Statistics for helpful comments. The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the policies of the Bureau of Labor Statistics or the views of other BLS staff members.     

新能源汽车离市场还很远

从新能源汽车产业发展的长远来看,补贴政策只是电动汽车产业发展的第一步。新能源汽车市场的推进,是个循序渐进的过程,并不能指望着某项政策出台就能实现跨越式发展     

The beginning of the transatlantic market for Swedish iron

Abstract

From the commencement of the American Revolution until the expiration of the treaty of 1783,¹ the diplomatic relations of the United States with Sweden were determined mainly by political circumstances arising out of the relations of each of the two countries with the great powers of Europe. By the time the treaty expired in 1798, both the United States and Sweden had broken with Revolutionary France, and since Gustavus Ill's high hopes for Swedish-American commerce had failed to materialize, there was little direct intercourse between the two countries. With the turn of the century, however, a great change took place as the American market suddenly began to assume an increasingly important role for Sweden's greatest export product, iron. Within the first decade of the nineteenth century the United States became one of the greatest purchasers of Swedish iron, and Swedish-American commerce was to continue expanding well into the middle of the century. From this time to the outbreak of the Civil War, the political factors, which had previously been the link between the two countries, were overshadowed by the predominant part that the transatlantic market played in Swedish-American diplomacy.     

Assessing the risk forecasts for Japanese stock market

We evaluate predictive performance of a selection of value-at-risk (VaR) models for Japanese stock market data. We consider traditional VaR models such as Riskmetrics method, historical simulation, variance–covariance method, Monte Carlo method, and their variants which are integrated with various ARCH models. Also considered are more recent models based on non-parametric quantile regression and extreme value theory (EVT). We apply these methods to the Japanese stock market index (1984–2000) and compare their performances in terms of various evaluation criteria using the method of White [Econometrica 68 (5) (2000) 1097–1126] for three out-of-sample periods of 1995–1996, 1997–1998, and 1999–2000.     

Prediction of prices for oil products in the internal market

The paper considers the Russian market of oil products and provides a model of this sector, on the basis of which suggests approaches to forecasting the internal prices of oil producers within one scenario of economic development.     

A Hedonic price index for the Dutch car market

Summary A hedonic, or constant-quality, price index is constructed for the Dutch car market over the period 1950–72. Quality changes are evaluated by relating car prices to various characteristics in two cross-section analyses, and both the choice of variables - horsepower and weight - and the form of the relation confirm Griliches' analysis of American data. A price index is then constructed by linking a series of year-to-year indices, and it is found that relative car prices have been reduced by about half over the twenty-two year period. Both in the cross-section study and in the price index the analysis is confined to a limited number of car models with major shares of the market.We gratefully acknowledge the help ofR.A.I. andMinisterie van Financieën in providing the data, and ofF. den Butter, J. Broekhuis andMiss J. Meijering in the preparation of this report.     

Estimating the size of the potential market for the Kyoto flexibility mechanisms

Estimating the Size of the Potential Market for the Kyoto Flexibility Mechanisms. — The Kyoto Protocol incorporates three flexibility mechanisms to help Annex I countries to meet their Kyoto targets at a lower overall cost. This paper aims to estimate the size of the potential market for all three mechanisms over the first commitment period. Based on the national communications from 35 Annex I countries, it first estimates the potential demand in the greenhouse gas offset market. Then, it assesses the implications of the EU proposal for ceilings on the use of flexibility mechanisms. Finally, using the model based on the marginal abatement costs of 12 regions, the paper estimates the contributions of flexibility mechanisms to meet the total emissions reductions required of Annex I countries under the four trading scenarios.     

Employment quality index for the South African labour market

ABSTRACT

While the South African government specifically set targets on job creation in its numerous economic strategies since the economic transition, various local studies examined the levels and trends in labour force, employment and unemployment to evaluate if these targets were met. However, the quality of employment has not been thoroughly examined. This is the first local study that fills the existing research gap by deriving a composite, multidimensional employment quality index by taking 18 indicators from seven dimensions into consideration: wage, work hours and flexibility, employment security, income security, social benefits, skills and participation. Using the 2010–16 Quarterly Labour Force Survey data, the empirical findings indicated that highly educated, white male workers aged at least 35 years, who lived in urban areas of the Western Cape and Gauteng provinces, and were involved in high skilled occupations in the formal, public sector enjoyed significantly better employment quality.     

炒的不是股票是命

初入股市的人赚了钱都会感到飘飘然,砝码一次次加大;一旦遇到行情不好,损失惨重,连自杀的心都有。这也许是很多股民走向成熟的必经之路     

西方市场社会主义对完善我国市场经济体制的启示

本文从对收入分配原则、政府干预作用、公有制地位等三个方面,把我国社会主义市场经济与当代西方市场社会主义进行比较,从而分析出当代西方市场社会主义对我国建设市场经济体制的启示。     

中国“能源外交”与企业“走出去”战略的国际政治经济学依据

一、“能源外交”与“走出去”战略成为中国对外经济活动的新亮点 在我国的对外经济政策和实践中，近年来出现了两大新的趋势或称亮点。一是政府高层领导的外交活动目标明确，非常务实，集中围绕着国内经济发展迫切需要的战略物资展开，尤其是以石油等战略能源的可持续安全供应为出发点来考虑外交活动的优先对象。二是政府大力支持下的民营及国有企业的“走出去”战略，有实力的企业直接走出国门，融入国际市场，在目标市场国内建立生产和营销基地。     

今天的质量明天的市场——山东福田药业有限公司

山东福田药业有限公司是集科、工、贸为一体的民营高科技企业，是中国功能糖城的支柱企业，中国的功能性糖醇生产基地，始建于1991年，1993年建成投产，是以玉米、玉米芯为原料进行深加工的国家火炬计划高新技术企业、国家生物技术产业基地骨干企业，在全国同行业率先实施并通过ISO9001、ISO14001、OHSAS18000、HACCP、GMP、KOSHER和IP认证。     

Rise of the gold market in China: liberalisation and market development

The Chinese gold market is rapidly rising to global prominence in the recent decades. The paper reviews the history of the gold market in China and its liberalisation process amid the country’s opening to the outside world. Details of the current market structure and its main business are presented. Global impacts of the rise of the Chinese gold market are discussed.     

对企业利用网络营销开拓市场技术的探讨

本文从网络营销的概念出发,结合作者从事网络营销的经验,对企业利用网络营销技术进行企业的产品推广和销售做了一定程度的探讨,并结合实例进行了比较系统的分析。     

Does market power affect performance in the dutch banking market? a comparison of reduced form market structure models

This paper investigates whether reduced form market structure models can be used to test whether there is market power in the Dutch banking market. First, a traditional Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) model is introduced. Next, a simple Cournot-model is introduced, which results in a more flexible measure of market power for different market structures. Finally, the inclusion of a modified Efficiency hypothesis reduces identification problems. Theoretically speaking, the Cournot model provides a better foundation for testing the existence of market power than the SCP model. Likewise, explicitly correcting for and including efficiency results in a more correct test of the Efficiency hypothesis. Empirical results for Dutch data confirm that the introduced improvements based on the Cournot models are the only ones resulting in tests that are consistent with the underlying models. Evidence from the Cournot model suggests that we cannot reject the existence of market power, although its impact on performance may be small. It also formalizes the need for additional research into the importance of strategic interaction among banks.