简析我国民事诉讼证据交换制度

民事诉讼证据是民事诉讼的核心,在民事诉讼中,当事人通过占有证据,使自己在针锋相对的抗衡中获取胜利的机会。而证据交换对当事人而言,既是其诉讼权利也是其诉讼义务。说它是诉讼权利,指的是一方当事人有权要求另一方当事人向本方公开或出示己方所有的证据;说它是诉讼义务,指的是一方当事人要求另一方当事人向自己出示证据之前必须首先向对方出示自己的证据,否则对方当事人没有出示自己证据的义务。     

民事诉讼中电子证据举证规则的完善

电子证据作为现代技术运用于诉讼领域的结果,对诉讼过程中的举证规则提出了新的要求。在多数民事诉讼案件中,电子证据因其特殊性在一般举证规则下会造成责任的不平衡。在电子证据的视角下,如何衡平对立当事人之间的举证责任是个值得思考的问题。本文旨在讨论民事诉讼中如何平衡电子证据所造成举证责任问题。     

当事人收集证据与人民法院调查取证之衡

随着民事诉讼证据制度的不断完善,对证据收集制度也提出了新的要求,其中如何平衡当事人收集证据与人民法院调查取证的关系是重要问题之一。本文拟对二者在不同诉讼模式下的表现、诉讼地位的演变以及如何平衡二者的关系等方面进行论述,并提出一些浅见。     

论民事诉讼确定管辖权的原则

所谓确定民事诉讼管辖的原则就是指立法者在规定管辖时遵循的基本标准,是民事诉讼在划分管辖时所依据的标准。即怎样划分管辖,如何划分管辖以适应民事诉讼审判的高效,公正,公平。维护当事人的合法权益,发挥民事诉讼法的司法程序作用。我国的确定管辖的原则包括:便于当事人进行诉讼,便于人民法院形式审判权和执行裁判,保证案件的公正审判和维护当事人合法权益,兼顾各级人民法院的职能和工作均衡,原则性与灵活性,有利于维护国家主权,管辖恒定等原则。     

我国民事诉讼中证人制度若干问题研究

我国《民事诉讼法》以及《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》(以下简称《证据规定》)都对诉讼中的证据制度做出了比较详细的规定,例如证据的分类、证据的取得与排除、举证责任的分配方式、证据的证明力等。在一系列的证据制度中,证人制度长期困扰着我国的司法审判。司法实践中,无论是民事诉讼还是形式诉讼,证人作证难、证人出庭难、证人出庭如实作证更是难上加难,其中的原因多种多样,包括制度设计的缺失、证人观念的淡薄、传统文化的影响等。在很多案件的审理中,当事人能够提供的证据只有证人证言,那么如何在审理的过程中去判断与运用证人证言,如何在实践中采信证人证言以及达到当事人之间利益的平衡,从而实现法律的公平公正理念,都是急需解决的问题。本文将对证人出庭制度中的一些难点问题进行研究,以求能够为实践提供有益思路。     

论恶意诉讼产生的原因及防范

民事诉讼活动本应是民事主体借助人民法院的审判以维护自己的合法权益,达到社会公平正义的纠纷解决方式。然而近年来,少数当事人却通过伪造各种假象的手段提起诉讼,骗取法院对自己有利裁判,利用国家审判权＂合法＂侵犯他人权益,并且这种虚假、恶意的民事诉讼行为在司法实践中有日渐增多的趋势。     

浅析民事诉讼中电子证据的出示

电子证据在现代民事诉讼活动中发挥着日益重要的作用。然而由于电子证据的多媒体性、易修改性等特点，使其可以多种形式在法庭上出示，这就为审查电子证据的真实性、关联性、合法性提出了新的要求。因此，在民事诉讼活动中，对电子证据的出示必须遵循法定诉讼程序。基于此，分析电子证据的独有特征，比较其与一般证据的差别成为我们更好的研究并完善证据开示制度的必要，从而达到节约诉讼资源，提高诉讼效率，保证网络时代诉讼公正的目的。     

银行类纠纷案件举证责任的分配

举证责任又你汪明责任,是指当事人对自己提出的主张有提出证据并加以证明的责任。如果当事人未能尽到上述责任,则有可能承担对其不利的法律后果。我国《民事诉讼法》第64条规定：当事人对自己提出的主张,有责任提供证据。举证责任的分配、是指举证责任在诉讼主体之间的合理分配,即举证责任在原告、被告及第三人之间的合理配置。法学界一般认为举证责任包括两重含义：一层是在民事诉讼活动中负有举证责任的当事人,对自己提出的主张应当提供证据;另一层是如果当事人对其主张提不出证据,就要承担对自己不利的法律后果。     

规避诉讼风险维护人民银行合法权益

诉讼,俗称打官司,是司法机关和案件当事人为处理案件而进行的司法活动,是一种法律行为.诉讼主要有三大类:民事诉讼、刑事诉讼、行政诉讼.本文仅就人民银行涉及民事诉讼和行政诉讼的风险问题谈谈看法.     

法律资讯速递

1、2008年12月11日,最高人民法院下发了《关于适用〈关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定〉中有关举证时限规定的通知》（法发[2008]42号）。随着新情况、新问题的不断出现,一些地方对2002年4月1日施行的《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》（以下简称《证据规定》）中的个别条款,特别是有关举证时限的规定理解不统一。为切实保障当事人诉讼权利的充分行使,     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.