台湾地区服务贸易国际竞争力研究

利用显示性比较优势指数、贸易净出口和贸易竞争力指数,对台湾地区服务贸易的国际竞争力进行具体分析。根据台湾地区1997-2004年数据计算结果显示,台湾地区服务贸易竞争力在总体上处于劣势;各项服务贸易竞争力有所差异,但基本上除其他商业服务部门因三角贸易的巨额顺差形成带来了一定的国际竞争力外,其余10个服务贸易部门在国际贸易领域的竞争力大多数年份均处于比较劣势中。     

The Determinants of and Interaction between Entry and Exit in Taiwan's Manufacturing

Based upon substantial high firm turnover rates, various policy incentives, and developed subcontracting-networks, this paper investigates structure and firm-specific factors that determine the entry and exit rate across industries. The interaction between entry and exit rates of the industry is incorporated in the study, namely the "displacement", "replacement" and "instantaneous causal" effects. The regression results indicate that entry and exit rates are determined by different measures of entry or exit barriers but the effects are not fully symmetric. It is also evident that underlying entry or exit sunk- costs introduced the instantaneous movement of entry and exit rates. In addition, the entry of new plants has a moderate effect to facilitate the displacement or market selection process to displace the inefficient producers but no significant replacement effect is found. The policy implication being that the government support encourages entry it also increases the industry failure rates.     

扬州制造业的竞争力评价及其表现特征

作为江苏滨江临河的重要城市，制造业在扬州经济发展中具有十分重要的地位，是扬州“工业第一方略”的主要内容。扬州制造业的优势与弱势行业分别主要是劳动密集型与资本密集型行业，许多行业具有相当的竞争力，但在实际发展中却表现出优势行业发展不足、非优势行业发展较快、出现制造业重化工业化的特征，反映出扬州制造业改变竞争力格局的努力，更反映了扬州地区对发挥比较优势与创造竞争优势的艰难权衡。     

中国制造业国际竞争力现状分析及提升对策

本文利用最新的统计数据对中国加入WTO以后制造业的国际竞争力的现状及变化趋势进行了实证研究，认为加入WTO以后，中国制造业的国际竞争力有较大程度提升；在与美国、日本、欧盟、韩国等国家进行竞争力对比时，发现加入WTO后，相对于上述国家中国制造业的国际竞争力在不断提升；而与此同时，中国民族产业国际竞争力虽然也有提升，但相对于中国制造业国际竞争力的提升速度。民族产业国际竞争力提升较慢。     

中部地区中小企业竞争力动态评价

已有的研究文献中对地区中小企业竞争力的评价主要是静态的评价,其实竞争力应该是一个动态的、相对的概念,对地区中小企业竞争力进行动态评价更有必要。通过构建一套度量中小企业区域竞争力的评价体系,并对中部地区6个省中小企业竞争力进行了动态评价。     

我国通信设备制造企业竞争力研究

企业规模、企业资产运营和企业技术创新能力对于提升企业竞争力而言,是互相联系、互相制约、不可分割的三方面。不同的通信设备制造企业要根据各自不同的情况,从扩大生产规模,实现规模经济;建立符合市场规律的经营机制,提高企业资产营运能力;注重技术创新,保持合理持续的研发投入等方面入手,制定适合自身发展的对策,保证企业竞争力持续提升。     

Strategy and Structure in Innovative Manufacturing SMEs: The Case of an English Region

Based within the West Midlands region of England, the current paper considers the relative characteristic of product innovators and non-innovators along seven dimensions of strategy. Data was collected, by means of a remotely administered survey, as part of the development of a Regional Innovation Strategy and innovators were defined using a "rate of innovation" measure. Amongst the principal findings, innovators are found to: spend a significantly greater proportion of turnover on research and development; tend [marginally] towards greater internal control and reactivity; be more willing to assume long-term debt, but less likely to successfully access it; be more likely to have links with universities and support organisations and to depend upon a small number of customers for a significant component of total sales revenue. In addition, the pre-eminence of vertical value-chain linkages over horizontal or third party linkages is a further striking feature of the firms' articulation with their external environments.     

加入WTO以来我国制造业国际竞争力表现

加入WTO后,我国制造业发展迅速,并已成为制造业的世界大国,我国制造业国际竞争力持续提升,传统的劳动密集型产业仍占据较大的国际市场份额,但其增长速度却在逐年下降,竞争优势也不断减弱;相反,电子机械、办公用品、电信等行业的出口增长率和国际市场份额增加较为迅速,制造业内部正在经历着从传统的劳动密集型向资本和技术密集型产品生产的转变。     

透析台湾制造业国际竞争力的衰退

近年来,台湾制造业处于持续的衰退中,不仅传统产业一蹶不振,高科技产业更是面临着空前的冲击。台湾制造业国际竞争力的衰退与技术创新、制造业结构、产业关联度和产品出口等有着密切的联系。台湾制造业未来的发展应走研发与行销并举之路,加强对传统产业的技术改造。此外,两岸产业应进行合理的布局与分工。     

Modelling the Extent of Financial Reporting Practices amongst Australian Manufacturing SMEs

This paper describes an exploratory study of financial reporting practices amongst small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) engaged in manufacturing in Australia. Non-linear principal components analysis is employed in empirical derivation of an overall measure of the comprehensiveness of financial reporting practices undertaken in the SMEs investigated. Non-linear principal components analysis is also used in empirically capturing the business context in terms of enterprise and financial management characteristics. Polytomous logistic regression modelling reveals development orientation, extent of owner-management, technological complexity, degree of reliance upon external financial advice, and the financial reporting climate to be the most significant influences on the extent of financial reporting practices in the SMEs under study. Of the business context factors identified, development orientation and financial reporting climate seem to have greatest impact. The study appears to reinforce the impression that SME growth is a key driver towards more sophisticated financial reporting practices. Alternately, better financial reporting may be viewed as an important enabling factor in realising the growth aspirations of such concerns.     

电子商务对中小企业核心竞争力的作用机理研究

本文认为,电子商务作为知识经济时代新型的商务模式,是中小企业构建核心竞争力的重要手段,它有利于企业降低产品成本和管理成本;有利于企业提高管理效率,改善管理环境,提高经营效率;有利于中小企业开拓市场空间,创造新的市场;有利于满足顾客的潜在需求和用户对产品种类的极限化需求。文章提出,电子商务的积极作用“内化”为企业的核心竞争力,还需要有相适应的企业文化作为支撑和保障,企业文化是中小企业核心竞争力的支撑因素,中小企业建立与电子商务相适应的企业文化,关键是要建立企业自身的核心价值观,消除观念误区,克服认识不足。     

Business Intelligence versus Entrepreneurial Competitive Intelligence and International Competitiveness of North African SMEs

This paper aims to analyze the effects of different devices of business intelligence and entrepreneurial competitive intelligence on the international competitiveness of 300 North African SMEs. Furthermore, we will try through this paper to examine the mechanical role of the internal audit of entrepreneurial competitive intelligence in the packaging of such effects. The originality of this research lies in the attempt to better understand theoretically and empirically the particularities of each of the concepts related to entrepreneurial competitive intelligence and its internal audit on one side and its effects on the international competitiveness based on export intensity on the other side. Our results show that the competitive position of North African SMEs is strongly dependent on the entrepreneurial competitive intelligence approach because it includes essential additional actions which refer not only to a defensive attitude but also and potentially to entrepreneurial orientation.     

现代服务业与制造业竞争力关系研究--以浙江先进制造业基地建设为例

随着制造业结构形式的不断变革,服务作为中间投入要素已越来越多地融入制造业;制造业企业活动的外置又带动了服务业的发展,服务业与制造业进入了一个高度相关、双向互动的阶段.本文以浙江为例,论述了先进制造业基地的建设必须与相关服务支撑产业协同发展,形成整体合力,从而保持竞争优势.     

基于先进物流技术的制造企业竞争力提升研究

制造业物流是我国物流业的重要组成部分之一,是社会物流需求的绝对主体,将制造业与物流业有效联手能实现双方共赢的目标:一方面,能提升制造业企业的核心竞争力;另一方面,能有效整合社会资源,使经济成本和社会成本均最小化,有利于企业和社会的可持续发展。因此,探讨基于先进物流技术的制造企业竞争力提升具有一定的现实意义。     

发展生产性服务与提升中国制造业国际竞争力

作为一种高级要素投入,生产性服务有利于提升制造业的国际竞争力。本文运用中国投入产出表的数据,验证了生产性服务对中国制造业国际竞争力的这种积极效应。生产性服务促进了中国制造业整体竞争力的提升,并且有利于制造业国际竞争力的增强。在资本和技术密集制造部门,生产性服务对制造业国际竞争力的积极影响更为显著。交通运输仓储服务更能促进劳动和资源密集制造部门的国际竞争力提升,金融保险服务、科学研究和综合技术开发服务,更能促进资本和技术密集制造部门的国际竞争力提升。     

Drivers of Environmental Behaviour in Manufacturing SMEs and the Implications for CSR

The authors use empirical research into the environmental practices of 31 manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to show that ‚business performance’ and ‚regulation’ considerations drive behaviour. They suggest that this is inevitable, given the market-based decision-making frames that permeate and dominate the industry in which manufacturing SMEs operate. Since the environment is a pillar of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the findings have important implications for CSR policy, which promotes voluntary actions predicated on a business case. It is argued that this approach will not alter the behaviour of manufacturing SMEs significantly because CSR practice will be regarded as an optional and costly ‚extra’ affecting core business activity. Consequently, the use and development of existing regulatory structures, providing minimum standards for many activities covered by CSR, remains the most effective means through which the behaviour of manufacturing SMEs will be changed in the short to medium-term. Another feature of the paper is the distinction made between ‚business performance’ and the ‚business case’ argument. Business performance emphasises cost reductions and efficiency whereas the business case accentuates the benefits to shareholders of good practices as their firms become more attractive to stakeholders and society. Manufacturing SMEs␣try to improve business performance because of the pressures placed on them by market-dominated decision-making frames. These frames do not encourage manufacturing SMEs to undertake voluntary actions for the benefit of wider stakeholders and society.David Williamson is Senior Research Fellow in the area of Corporate and Environmental Responsibility at the School of Law, University of Manchester, UK. He has conducted extensive empirical studies into, and written papers on, the environmental behaviour of small and medium sized enterprises. He is also Chair of INDECO, a national body that coordinates sustainable development work on business parks.Gary Lynch-Wood is a Lecturer at the School of Law, University of Manchester, UK. His research focuses on regulation, particularly the impact that regulation has on small and medium-sized enterprises. He teaches a variety of subjects including regulation, environmental law, corporate responsibility and legal methods. He was a Director of the Centre for Research into Corporate Responsibility and the Environment prior to his move to the University of Manchester. John Ramsay is a Reader at the School of Business and Law, Staffordshire University, UK. He has had a number of careers including a decade spent working in the Purchasing Function of a large British component supplier to the European car industry. He teaches a variety of subjects including South East Asian economic development and Negotiation. He is widely published in the Purchasing field with practitioner papers dating back to the 1970s when he was junior buyer, developing in more recent years into academic work in his research area of Buyer–supplier interaction.     

Business Growth and Performance and the FinancialReporting Practices of Australian Manufacturing SMEs

This article describes an explanatory study of the impact of financial reporting practices upon business growth and performance outcomes amongst small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) engaged in manufacturing in Australia. The study is able to establish some statistically significant bivariate associations between the extent and frequency of financial reporting undertaken and certain measures of SME growth and performance. However, the state of financial reporting practices becomes subsumed by other important influences in multivariate analysis. Management is a complex activity affected by a myriad of interacting internal and external factors, and must inevitably be undertaken in an holistic manner in SMEs. Particular practices make a contribution to the whole task without necessarily standing out as all-embracing solutions to problems generally encountered. Thus, it is argued that improved financial reporting should be realistically viewed as simply part of a broader competence in financial management which, taken together with other functional capabilities, is likely to lead to more effective and efficient management of SMEs and significantly improve their prospects.     

我国各地区汽车制造业动态竞争力的分解

入世以来,广东、山东等地汽车制造业竞争力增强,上海、吉林等地汽车制造业竞争力减弱。规模竞争力主导了汽车制造业竞争力的变化,效益竞争力的影响较小。企业数量与平均规模是影响规模竞争力的两大因素,劳动生产率与人均产值是影响效益竞争力的两大因素。各地区角逐汽车制造业规模竞争的同时,更应通过提高管理水平、加强研发创新等途径提升当地汽车制造业的效益竞争力。     

台湾民间金融的发展与演变

由于经济的二元性,民间金融的存在和发展是发展中国家的一种普遍现象.只要伴随着经济二元性的消失,民间金融也会逐渐萎缩.然而,我国台湾地区在其经济二元性隐退的情况下,却仍然存在规模大、范围广、形式多样的民间金融.探讨其发展的现状、成因、问题与趋势,对于我国民间金融的健康发展具有借鉴意义.     

中国制造业国际竞争力与政策支撑研究

中国制造业大而不强的现状,使得我国在国际分工体系中处于不利地位,面对日趋激烈的国际竞争,制造业升级势在必行。本文通过分析制造业升级在增强国际竞争力中的影响以及制造业升级面临的国外技术优势压力和国内外经济环境变化,提出了构建现代制造业体系是我国制造业升级的目标,并进一步提出了相应的政策支撑体系。