演化经济学研究动态综述

一、演化经济学的起源与发展概览演化经济学理论的兴起与新古典经济学的理论危机有直接联系。而20世纪70年代以来,自然科学领域先后发生了多次革命性的进展,尤其是生物学和物理学的发展,成为演化经济学发展的直接动力。生物学隐喻对经济学理论的渗透和布鲁塞尔学派的耗散结构理论对演化思想的发展起到了极大的推动作用。一般认为,凡勃伦、马克思、马歇尔、熊彼特是经济演化思想的先驱者。演化经济学这一术语,最早由凡勃伦在1898年它的经典论文《经济学为什么不是一门演化的科学》中提出,阿尔钦的经典文章《不确定性、演化和经济理论》(1950)…     

统计思想演化的哲学思考

统计学理论的本质在于统计思想,而统计思想的结晶与升华形成统计学理论。统计思想不是哲学,但其演化却遵循了辩证的哲学发展。正是统计思想演化中的辩证哲学发展,定性与定量、归纳与演绎、主观和客观、对立和统一、开放与保守的绝妙统一才形成了统计学今天的繁荣局面。     

物流系统演化的协同学分析

协同学理论是研究系统协调发展及演化机理的重要理论工具,它揭示了系统演化的基础和动力源泉。物流作为供应链、价值链管理的载体和基础,直接涉及企业及地区经济的核心竞争力。物流系统的建设与发展,已成为振兴经济的重要内容,协同化则是物流系统发展不可忽视的趋势。利用协同学理论,对物流系统的演化进行了分析,探讨其演化的条件和机制。     

论东方思维对西方管理思想的借鉴意义

本文从西方历史、文化、社会和哲学背景的角度分析了西方管理思想的演化规律,指出了西方管理思想演化的哲学逻辑,论述了西方管理思想发展的历史和现代西方管理思想发展中存在的问题,文章最后阐释了东方思维方法对现代西方管理思想发展的重要借鉴意义.以期为解决现代管理学思想与理论和管理实践界不能对接的困境提供了一种解决思路.     

生态经济系统的Logistic演化与负熵理论探讨

本文利用自组织理论Logistic模型和负熵理论研究了生态经济系统发展演化的历史过程,得出生态经济系统发展演化的四个阶段:渔猎文明时期、农业文明时期、工业化前期和工业化后期。本文认为,目前发达国家已经突破发展演化的临界点走向了可持续发展,而我国还处在负熵平衡能力严重不足以使负熵降低的阶段,应采取措施使我国的生态经济系统向可持续发展方向迈进。     

国际贸易理论的演化:维度、路径与逻辑

本文基于经济全球化的背景,重新审视、梳理、总结了国际贸易理论演化的维度、路径及特征,指出国际贸易理论基本上沿着"自由、干预"、"合作、竞争"两个基本维度演化,不同维度的组合构成了不同的贸易理论类型,并剖析国际贸易理论发展中存在的冲突与困境,将贸易理论演化与实现经济、社会、人类的全面共同发展结合起来,把握其发展的内在逻辑。     

社会学中的演化博弈论研究进展与评述

传统博弈理论到演化博弈理论经历了策略内涵的转变、均衡意义的转变和个体相互作用内涵的转变,该理论近年来被广泛运用于社会、经济、管理等领域。本文通过对社会学中公共品公共演化博弈论、区域智力资本演化博弈的文献评述,为演化博弈论在社会领域的应用未来进一步研究和发展方向。     

区域创新系统演化与区域经济发展互馈机制研究

构建区域创新系统演化与区域经济发展互馈模型,得到区域创新系统演化与区域经济发展产生互馈条件。研究表明:区域创新系统演化与区域经济发展之间是相互作用、相互促进且有相同运动方向;较高水平区域创新能力能够带动区域经济较快发展,较快区域经济增长推动区域创新能力迅速提升。仿真分析验证了区域创新系统演化与区域经济发展互馈机制理论描述和逻辑结论。     

企业竞争优势演化机制研究—创新和选择的共同进化

演化经济理论大量引入了生物进化论中的一些概念和思想,在经济学中,和生物系统一样,演化主要是两种机制推动的:一个是创新机制,通过系统的创新产生多样化;一个是选择机制,即在多样化中进行系统筛选。企业竞争优势的演化则是这两种机制的共同进化,推动竞争优势的更替或是持续。     

城市化若干问题的再探讨——基于演化经济学的新视角

演化经济学作为一门新兴学科已经引起经济学界的广泛关注 ,西方学者运用演化理论对经济增长、制度变迁、产业组织、产业竞争及社会交往等问题的研究已取得了一定的成果。如何将演化理论运用到区域经济和城市经济理论中 ,利用动能定理、复杂适应系统理论以及互利共生等演化经济学理论对城市化的道路选择、模式演进、发展趋势及未来展望进行分析探讨 ,为研究城市化问题提供新的视角和方法论     

论演化经济学的思维框架

演化思维框架是演化经济学的理论基础。演化思维框架包括结构分析框架和过程分析框架。结构分析框架把经济系统看作是一个多层次的复杂系统,影响经济变迁的各种变量也可以划分为不同的层级。过程分析框架包括达尔文主义的遗传—变异—选择分析框架、微观演化框架和宏观演化框架三种模式。在总结了纳尔逊和温特的研究框架之后,评价了演化经济学所具有的鲜明特征。     

Economic Change,Subjective Perception and Institutional Evolution

Following Hayek's intuitions on the role of subjective perception in economics, I attempt to integrate path‐dependent dynamics in evolutionary economics, as emerging in the recent theorizing about economic change. The starting point is an open question in evolutionary economics: is there a unifying principle which characterizes change at individual, organizational and institutional levels? In the attempt to answer this question, I propose some considerations on the nature of learning processes and on the mechanisms of adjustment, discovery and selection that are consistent with cognitive psychology and contemporary neurobiology. In particular, I link imperfect perception to guided variations, like those contained in Dosi's technological paradigms. More generally, I attempt to integrate the evolutionary theory as conceived by Nelson and Winter with the evolutionary theory as conceived by Hayek.     

企业进化的基因结构模型及其启示

文章结合生物进化论和演化经济学等学科的相关研究,以企业成长进化论为理论基础,指出企业核心理念和惯例分别构成了决定企业异质性和成长状况的组织基因的双层结构,并进一步通过构建企业进化的组织基因结构模型对企业进化三种机制进行全面深入论述,以期对企业的成长过程做一新的理论探讨,并对我国企业实现可持续成长有所启示。     

跨组织流程柔性的演化分析

柔性是企业在剧烈变化的环境中求得生存和发展的一个非常重要的因素,有其演化与发展的路径。在分析跨组织流程和演化经济学有关理论的基础上,通过数学建模分析,提出了一个确定跨组织柔性的理论测量模型,揭示了行为要素和状态要素共同决定了跨组织柔性的演化过程。     

A holonic framework to understand and apply information processes in evolutionary economics: survey and proposal

Economists unsatisfied with the basic neoclassical assumptions of rational economic actors and economic evolution towards equilibrium states founded the evolutionary economic approach. Their goal was to provide more realistic assumptions regarding economic agents and their institutional environments. The Modern Synthesis (MS), the current conceptual paradigm for biological evolution, was used as a source of inspiration for conceptual development. Along the biologically inspired line of thought, the Generalized Darwinism (GD) initiative relies on the abstraction of the MS to provide a unifying conceptual framework for evolutionary economics. Despite its merits, GD has been subject to criticism, particularly regarding its level of abstractness and lack of an explicit account of the social and cognitive processes that drive economic evolution. The goal of this article is to introduce and explore an alternative conceptual framework for evolutionary economics: the Holonic Framework (HF). Contrary to GD, the HF is not biologically inspired, but builds upon the body of literature on the value of digital information networks. We discuss the analytical strengths and limitations of the HF relative to GD in light of several aspects pertinent to evolutionary economics (e.g. self-organization, culture, cognition, cooperation). Finally, by referring to an operationalization of the HF using Eurostat data, we show its practical strengths in comparison to GD.     

The evolution of the pharmaceutical-biotechnology industry

This paper presents an application of network economics to the formation of alliances in the biotechnology-pharmaceutical industry. The framework analysis provides insights under which firms create hybrid governance forms, integrate strategy and economics into a more holistic perspective on network strategy. Firm network types link network economies, competencies and market structure, creating integration between participants and change as additional dimensions. ‘Change’ introduces a dynamic, evolutionary aspect. The resulting contructs involve the network dimension as a mechanism design for investigating the evolution and life cycles of firm networks. An analysis of alliances within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries develops the framework, including a historical tracing, and an empirical examination of the relationship between collaboration rate (CR) and market performance of major globally operating pharmaceutical firms. Case examples, supported quantitatively and qualitatively, provide evidence for the efficacy and implications of the network dimension.     

演化经济学视角下的技术与知识关系研究——兼论技术知识本质论的局限

认为技术的本质是知识甚至将二者等同起来的技术知识本质论是当前的主流观点,这种观点虽然有所进步但仍有其局限。演化经济学的发展为研究技术与知识关系提供了新视角,通过隐喻生物基因型和表型理论,技术可被理解为是以技术知识作为基因型的表型,是知识和外部环境耦合的结果,是类似于生物技能的人类关于如何做事的指令。这种技术与知识演化关系论不仅具有深刻的理论内涵和现实解释力,也契合现代自然科学和哲学的发展方向,是技术理论发展的必然趋势。     

Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth

In the 1980s stagflation and high unemployment caused a renewed interest in supply side economics and in factors determining economic growth. Simultaneously, the 1980s and 1990s have seen a reevaluation of the role of small firms and a renewed attention for entrepreneurship. The goal of this survey is to synthesize disparate strands of literature to link entrepreneurship to economic growth. This will be done by investigating the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth using elements of various fields: historical views on entrepreneurship, macro-economic growth theory, industrial economics (Porter's competitive advantage of nations), evolutionary economics, history of economic growth (rise and fall of nations) and the management literature on large corporate organizations. Understanding the role of entrepreneurship in the process of economic growth requires the decomposition of the concept of entrepreneurship. A first part of our synthesis is to contribute to the understanding of the dimensions involved, while paying attention to the level of analysis (individual, firm and aggregate level). A second part is to gain insight in the causal links between these entrepreneurial dimensions and economic growth. A third part is to make suggestions for future empirical research into the relationship between (dimensions of) entrepreneurship and economic growth.     

Toward Sustainable Consumption: Two New Perspectives

The article is an integrative, theoretical paper addressing the problem of sustainable consumption. It provides the insights of two conceptual frameworks on the conditions for and limits to sustainable consumption. Existing consumer research on environmental issues is reviewed. It is argued that consumer research is not focusing on the right issues in this area and that a trans-disciplinary approach is called for. Frameworks from materials balance economics and evolutionary theory are presented and applied to recreational consumption. Three major areas are identified in which consumer research could contribute to the presented frameworks, and to the theory and practice of sustainable consumption.