金融契约理论:基于控制权视角的最新研究

如何构建有效的金融契约是经济转型过程中提升我国企业公司治理效率、保护投资者利益的关键.最近兴起的金融契约理论突破传统的现金流思路.从控制权视角考察企业内部控制权配置机制及时各利益主体行动策略的影响.论文从控制权视角出发,系统回顾了金融契约理论的相关成果,并指出了目前该领域研究存在的主要局限.本文研究将对我国企业融资决策、内部公司治理和外部资本市场金融创新等具有一定的实践启示.     

企业控制权动态配置的内在机理及其治理效应——实验的证据

运用实验研究方法检验了企业控制权动态配置的内在机理及其治理效应。实验结果表明:(1)控制权动态配置与相机转移机制有利于抑制管理者控制权私有收益,保护投资者利益;(2)控制权转移强度越大,则管理者追求私有收益的投入水平越低,追求企业价值创造的努力水平越高;(3)控制权转移强度与企业价值之间存在着非线性倒U型关系,即尽管控制权转移强度的增加又利于促使管理者提升努力水平,增加企业价值;但控制权过度向投资者转移也会引发另一种负面效应—降低管理者投入的边际产出效率,进而损害企业价值。实验结果还显示,控制权动态配置机制跟外部信息披露与监管机制之间存在相互补充的关系,但却与董事会、监事会等内部治理机制之间存在相互替代的关系。     

金融契约的不完全性与企业融资行为:一个案例分析

金融契约是资本供求双方有关资本交易的约定，它是企业融资行为的基础。由于人的有限理性和机会主义倾向，金融契约不可能是一个完全契约。在金融契约不完全的情况下，融资行为是融资双方之间的博弈过程；管理者根据投资者的行为来选择努力水平和私人福利，而投资者则根据对管理者行为的预期来决定是否投资。案例分析表明，经济行为的契约化、契约完备程度以及社会履约环境与保障机制，对交易的规模和效率有着重要影响。     

"管理者控制权"重探--管理者与企业剩余控制权的配置

长期以来,人们是以委托代理框架中的"股东至上主义"逻辑来诠释管理者控制权内涵的.本文认为,管理者不仅拥有企业特定控制权,而且拥有企业剩余控制权,管理者剩余控制是内生于企业契约内各参与方之间谈判的过程中.切实地发挥董事会作为各利益相关主体共同配置企业剩余控制权的栽体功能,从而有效地控制管理者剩余控制权的"侵袭"效应,是公司治理的核心任务.     

分工演进与制度阻挠:我国股市低效率的制度分析

股市效率是随分工演进和制度变迁而不断变化的动态适应性效率 ,表现为金融契约中剩余控制权的动态配置。我国股市低效率的成因是产权改革不彻底形成的多层次的内部人控制 ,它阻挠了金融分工演进以及制度变迁。解决问题的出路是深化产权改革 ,实现金融契约中剩余控制权的动态配置。     

投资者法律保护与会计透明度

会计透明度的实现取决于资本市场上会计信息需求方和供给方之间的博弈,投资者法律保护通过影响资本市场的发展,进而影响需求方和供给方之间的力量对比,从而对会计透明度产生影响.具体而言,投资者法律保护可以通过四个渠道影响会计透明度:公司治理模式、契约(包括债务契约和报酬契约)、诉讼和限制大股东控制权私利.     

现代公司制企业中剩余控制权和剩余索取权的配置

一、剩余控制权和剩余索取权的概念界定 传统观点认为企业所有权就是企业剩余索取权和剩余控制权。剩余索取权是指企业收入在扣除所有固定的合同支付的余额后的要求权；剩余控制权是指在合约中没有特别规定的活动的决策权，有时也把剩余控制权称为控制权。需要指出的是，剩余控制权不能简称为控制权，因为两者是不完全相同的概念。控制权是指契约中规定的决策权和没有特别规定的决策权，     

国有商业银行所有权安排与金融审计

文章研究国有商业银行的所有权安排及其对金融审计的影响。企业是一系列契约的结合,企业所有权包括剩余索取权与剩余控制权两个方面,具有不对称性。国有商业银行的所有权安排要求政府股东与经营者分享金融会计信息产权。金融审计是金融会计信息产权的重要构成部分,应采取政府审计而不是民间审计形式。     

国有企业控制权收益与最优重组契约

本文研究了国有企业经营者控制权收益与企业最优重组契约之间的关系。控制权收益的存在使企业内生的重组行为不是，但作为外部企业的兼并需求则过度。如果经营者的控制权收益可以进行交易和货币补偿，则企业的最优重组契约能够实现企业价值的最大化。     

股东控制权略论

股东控制权为一个明确的法律概念,不仅具有财产权的基本特性,而且又可分割为商业决策权、财产支配权和经营管理权.公司管理者与股东、股东之间的控制权争夺和滥用多源自控制权争夺所带来的利益冲突.研究控制权的财产属性,实现控制权的合理配置是建立和谐股东关系的制度保证.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.