基于社会媒体的企业众包创新接包主体行为研究——基于众包网站调查的实证分析北大核心CSSCI

在企业开放式众包创新模式逐渐成为降低技术创新成本及把握市场趋势的重要利器的背景下,影响大众网民群体自觉自愿参与企业众包创新任务的关键因素是什么?本文基于行为动机理论、技术采纳与整合理论模型,通过收集中国本土化情景下的代表性众包网站平台"猪八戒网"和"一品威客网"的问卷调研数据,采用结构方程模型分析方法,探讨了基于社会媒体的企业开放式众包创新的接包主体行为的影响因素及影响路径问题,并发现:(1)实际接包主体参与众包的使用意愿与使用行为密切相关;(2)接包主体的绩效期望、努力期望与社群影响对其众包参与行为存在显著的积极影响作用;(3)众包平台的配合情况对接包主体的参与行为并无显著影响。本文的研究工作弥补了我国本土化情景下基于社会媒体的企业开放式众包创新实证研究在企业技术创新理论研究方面的缺失。     

众包问题研究综述

近年来,随着经济的全球化和网络科学技术的发展,以自由、开放、平等、协作为主要特点的众包越来越受到企业特别是大型企业和跨国公司的欢迎。从众包与民主化创新、众包与外包的关系、众包兴起的原因、大众参与众包的动机、众包对发包企业的意义、促进众包发展的建议等方面,对前人的研究成果进行了综述,并提出了未来的研究方向。     

创意类众包参与主体间协同激励机制案例研究

为提高接包绩效,推进众包活动的有序进行,在现有研究基础上,通过Crowdspring平台和猪八戒网两个案例企业的对比分析,明晰众包模式协同激励机制的差异性,构建创意类众包绩效的主体间协同激励机制模型.结果表明:①主体间的协同激励机制有利于提高众包整体绩效,基于不同的激励目标会衍生出差异化的激励因子交互关系;②发包-接包-择优三个阶段,通过不同维度下各激励因子间交互、协同,分别构建以"引导""对接"和"控制"为导向的激励机制,存在激励不对称性;③与以往企业或联盟中的研究中的协同激励机制不同,众包模式下激励机制最显著的特征是存在"接包方-发包方-众包平台的自激励循环",研究结论对完善众包中多主体协同激励的理论体系及指导参与众包企业与管理部门实践具有深远意义.     

基于扎根理论的文化创意类众包社区发包方参与动机研究

研究众包模式中发包方参与众包的动机,运用扎根理论质性研究方法,探索文化创意类众包社区构成要素及其影响机制。通过对质性分析资料进行扎根分析,对相关内容进行概念化、范畴化和编码化处理,构建了基于众包参与行为的影响因素模型,获得开放式创新驱动、互联网模式特征驱动、行业特征驱动3个主轴编码,并结合选择编码进行了模型理论饱和度检验,分析了参与动机之间的互动关系和价值导向,对众包有别于传统服务外包的特征范畴进行了归纳,研究结论和相关管理启示可为文化创意产业企业开展专业服务众包实践提供理论依据。     

众包系统中企业众包能力评价指标体系研究

根据开放式创新原理和长尾理论,阐述众包系统的运作机理,提出了众包系统能力概念,从发包方、网络平台及社会大众3个方面构建了众包能力三螺旋模型。构建了企业层面的众包能力评价指标体系,从企业搜索获取能力、吸收同化能力、商业化能力、研发投入能力、创新生产能力及创新管理能力6个方面进行了评价指标选取,给出了测度众包系统能力的模糊积分评价方法与步骤。     

基于文献编码分析的众包行为发生机制模型构建

针对“双创”时代众包激励的迫切需要,通过对众包文献的编码分析,构建由内在需要、能力禀赋、外在条件联合驱动的众包行为发生机制模型。其中,内在需要作为众包动机直接转化为众包行为,能力禀赋和外在条件分别作为众包能力和众包条件对转化过程发挥正向调节作用。因此,应从唤醒众包需要、训练众包能力、完善众包条件3个方面,迅速推进众包模式的普及,为“双创”提供研发人力支撑。     

众包平台研究综述与众包平台绩效影响机制构建

无论是大型企业还是中小企业都面临如何提高创新能力的挑战。近年来,众包作为创新商业模式,是合作创新的扩展,是更高水平的开放式创新。众包平台是连接众包参与者、任务发布者的网络中介机构,主要应用于政务管理、企业运营管理、软件开发等领域。众包平台可按众包任务类型、涉及创新与否、交易方式进行分类。通过对众包平台运行机制研究文献梳理,从众包平台结果研究出发,借用平台理论和社会网络理论对众包平台绩效的内在影响机制作出系统性解释。     

国外众包研究现状和趋势

回顾了开放式创新众包模式的已有研究。首先阐述了众包的定义内涵、主体维度等,然后归纳了现有的众包模式,分析了企业和大众参与者参与众包的驱动因素,并总结了企业创新绩效的影响因素,指出了现有研究存在的不足。最后对众包的未来研究进行了展望。     

众包、众筹、众创——高校科研模式创新研究

互联网的普及催生了众包、众筹以及众创等大众创新形式,将有力促进高校科研创新模式向开放式、现代化转变。从论述高校科研模式创新的必要性和合理性出发,提出解决科研团队、科研教师、科研学生面临问题的新思路及运作机理,即借助互联网技术,构建高校科研众包平台、科研众筹平台以及科研众创平台。建议依托三大平台,有效利用各方科研资源,广泛筹集社会研究资金,充分发挥智力资本价值,加大政策支持和制度规范,以促进高校科研模式健康发展。     

共享经济中的嵌入理性:众包社区嵌入性对创意领地行为影响机制研究

如何实现知识、创意等资源共享是目前社会价值创新网络体系构建的瓶颈问题。尽管众包社区作为创意资源共享解决方案的有效性得到了学界广泛认可，但关于作为网络节点嵌入众包社区之中的创客个体如何参与共享经济的探讨较少。围绕创客如何参与众创的过程“黑箱”，从众包社区嵌入性视角出发，基于S（刺激）-O（有机体）-R（反应）研究范式，探索众包创客创意领地性分配行为产生机制，以诠释共享经济中的“嵌入理性”。结果显示：①众包社区嵌入性（结构嵌入、关系嵌入、认知嵌入）对心理所有权有负向作用；②心理所有权对创意领地行为有正向作用；③心理所有权在众包社区结构嵌入、认知嵌入对创意领地行为的影响中起完全中介作用，在关系嵌入对创意领地行为的影响中起部分中介作用。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...