Malaria in Rural Nigeria: Implications for the Millennium Development Goals

Abstract: The paper analyses the incidence of malaria in rural Nigeria and its implication for the country's efforts to meet the targets of various domestic and global development policy blueprints. In recent years, there has been remarkable increase in human and financial commitments to global malaria control, partly due to the need to meet specific and relevant development targets set in the millennium development goals (MDGs). However, these efforts have not translated into a significant decrease in the incidence of the disease and its impact in Nigeria. Using the cost of illness method to analyse the impact of malaria on various attempts at national development, the paper found that substantial resources and domestic output is lost annually to malaria attack in Oyo State. This has serious implications for the achievement of the principles of the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategies (NEEDS) and the MDG target. It is implied from the results that effective control of malaria is capable of reducing household poverty, inequality, while improving various determinants of welfare and national development.     

The Dutch Disease and the Development of the Manufacturing Sector in Nigeria: 1970-85

Abstract: This paper sets out to examine the relevance of the Dutch disease model to the circumstances of Nigeria, and by extension, other African countries, with particular emphasis on the manufacturing sector. The results of the study indicate that, while the model has contributed to our understanding of some of the processes of change, it has left important gaps in our understanding of the dynamics of the Nigerian manufacturing sector. The reasons for this are attributed partly to the inability of the model to take sufficient cognisance of state intervention and market failure, partly to some of its inappropriate assumptions, and partly to the structure of the model. Résumé: Le présent rapport a pour but d'examiner le rapport entre le modèle de la thyllose parasitaire de Porme et les conditions du Nigeria et par extension, d'autres pays africains, en mettant un accent particulier sur le secteur manufacturier. Les résultats de l'etude montrent que si le modèle a contribuéà nous faire comprendre certains des processus de changement, il a laissé des vides importants dans notre compréhension de la dynamique du secteur manufacturier du Nigeria. Les raisons de cette situation sont imputables en partie à Pincapacite du modèle de prendre suffisamment connaissance de l'intervention de l'état et de la défaillance du marché, en partie à certaines de ses hypothèses inappropriées et en partie à la structure du modèle.     

日本银行业资产负债管理的历史演进及启示

日本银行业的历史经验显示,资产负债管理应注重导入全面风险管理理念并构建、完善管理流程与组织体制;近年来,日本银行业在运用资产负债管理系统应对巴塞尔协议Ⅲ、国际财务报告准则时,重视数据积累与整备以及合理设计系统架构和管理方法。中国银行业当前正面临着利率市场化、金融国际化问题,与日本银行业在20世纪80年代所处背景非常相似,外部监管环境变化也与日本大致相同,因此,日本银行业资产负债管理的历史经验对中国银行业构建资产负债管理体系具有积极的参考意义。     

Competition and Efficiency in the Banking Sector in South Africa

Abstract: We analyse the evolution of competition and efficiency of the banking sector in South Africa using firm‐level data for the period 1999–2008. We adopt a three‐step estimation approach. First, we measure efficiency using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology. Second, we use the Panzar–Rosse approach to derive the H‐statistic for competitive conditions in banking. In the third stage, we take into account the role of managerial ability in competition by re‐estimating the Panzar–Rosse model, with the DEA efficiency scores as an explanatory variable. Overall, the results show that although average efficiency was trending upwards over the period, the number of efficient banks was falling. Also, it is found that for the period 1999–2008, the structure of the South African banking industry was characterized by monopolistic competition. This result may reflect domination by five large banks, which together account for over 85 per cent of total banking assets.     

近年来日本节能新进展及其启示

日本是一个能源匮乏的国家,也是节能降耗、提高能源效率的先进国家。近年日本的节能降耗又有新进展。当前,在国际资源能源争夺日益激烈,节约资源能源已被各国提升到战略高度的形势下,日本的努力越来越引起世人瞩目。本文拟对近年日本节能降耗新进展的突出特点、重要举措、背景分析等做些浅析,进而探讨其对我国的借鉴意义。     

Banking Sector Fragility and the Transmission of Currency Crises

We assess whether, complementary to trade and financial linkages, banking sector fragility helps explain the transmission of currency crises. We attempt to strike a balance between the precision of measurement of banking sector fragility on the one hand and its consistent measurement across various crisis episodes on the other. We find that while the role of trade and financial linkages is robust over time, the independent role of banking sector fragility is rather weak and unstable across crisis episodes. Consequently it is difficult to extrapolate observed banking fragility transmission channels from one crisis to another. As a corollary we cannot conclude that during future crisis episodes economies characterized by fragile banking sectors are more prone to crisis transmission.     

山东省能源消费、产业结构和经济发展关系实证研究

文章基于1980-2012年统计数据,研究结果显示,山东省能源消费、产业结构和经济发展间存在着长期均衡的协整关系,经济增长对产业结构存在着单向因果关系,产业结构对能源消费也有单向因果关系。产业结构对能源消费的短期和长期影响均大于经济发展对能源消费的影响。     

新疆产业能源消费与经济增长的关系研究

随着新疆经济的增长,三次产业的能源消费也呈现出不同的发展态势。本文运用协整理论和Granger因果关系检验,采用1990年-2008年的统计数据,实证研究了新疆三次产业能源消费与经济增长的协整关系和Granger因果关系,并建立VAR模型,运用脉冲响应函数对新疆能源消费和经济增长之间的相互关系进行动态分析,进而在研究基础上提出合理化对策建议。     

中国能源消费与出口贸易关系实证研究

本文运用格兰杰因果关系检验以及脉冲响应和方差分解方法,分别对中国能源消费与出口贸易之间的因果、动态以及定量关系进行了深入研究。研究发现:中国能源消费与出口贸易之间存在从出口贸易到能源消费的单向因果关系,出口贸易波动将对能源消费产生持续较大的影响,出口贸易对能源消费具有较强的依赖性。     

Competitiveness and Efficiency of the Banking Sector and Economic Growth in Egypt

Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of financial reforms on competitiveness and production efficiency of the banking sector, as well as the short‐term and long‐term impact on economic growth, in Egypt during 1992–2007. The results suggest that the reforms have a positive and significant effect on competitiveness and production efficiency. Also, the evidence shows that state‐owned banks are generally less competitive than private banks and foreign banks are less competitive than domestic banks. The average x‐inefficiency of Egyptian banks is around 30 per cent, which is comparable to those reported for other African countries. Finally, there is evidence to suggest a significant relationship between financial bank productive efficiency and economic growth in the short run but not in the long run. Overall, the results support the argument for continuing the financial sector reform programme in Egypt.     

我国银行业的管理者风险分析

2003年，我国金融界一些有影响的人物纷纷误入歧途，给党和国家的经济利益和金融信誉带来了巨大的负面影响。目前，我国的金融业改革进入了关键的第三年，关注管理者风险问题是关系到我国金融改革成败的关键因素之一。本文将就这一问题进行分析和讨论。     

环境污染、能源消费与经济增长

在控制了资本和劳动力变量的基础上,构建了多变量VAR模型,考察了1989—2009中国及分区域在环境污染、能源消费和经济增长之间的动态因果关系。结果表明：对全国来说,分别存在从环境污染到经济增长、从环境污染到能源消费以及从能源消费到经济增长的三个单向因果关系。分区域看,东部沿海地区存在从经济增长到能源消费和从环境污染到能源消费的单向因果关系,环境污染和人均实际GDP之间不存在因果关系;中部地区存在从能源消费到经济增长的单向因果关系,环境污染和经济增长之间以及环境污染和能源消费之间存在双向因果关系;西部地区显示能源消费与经济增长之间不存在因果关系,但存在环境污染和能源消费的双向因果关系和从经济增长到环境污染的单向因果关系。此外,实证结果表明能源消费与经济增长关系的假说一中性假说、增长性假说和保护性假说在东部、中部和西部地区依次成立,即支持了本文所构建的基于EKC的环境污染、能源消费与经济增长分析框架。     

中国能源消费与产业结构变化关系的实证研究

为了探究影响中国能源消费增长的内在规律,文章运用协整分析方法对能源消费与产业结构变化之间的关系进行了定量分析,并建立了向量误差修正模型。研究结果表明,能源消费与第一、二产业产值之间具有单向因果关系,能源消费与第三产业产值之间不存在显著的因果关系。从短期波动角度看,能源消费量增长对中国第一和第二产业发展影响各不相同。从长期均衡关系来看,能源消费对中国第一和第二产业产值的增长具有一定的同向拉动作用。通过这些分析结论,我们可以更有针对性地提出解决中国能源供需失衡问题的方案。     

国有商业银行个人业务营销体系建设

文章分析了在四大国有商业银行现行竞争态势下,如何建立和完善个人银行业务营销体系提供一些思路和建议。     

Implications of the Dual Banking System in the US

This paper examines the differences in characteristics of federal and state chartered banks by using individual commercial bank’s data sets from 1984 to 2006. The findings indicate significant differences between these two groups of banks in terms of their asset and liability management strategies. In line with these differences, credit channel of monetary policy is found to work differently for state and federal banks. Federal banks are found to be more responsive to monetary policy changes.     

中国经济增长与能源消费的异常关系分析

高经济增长却伴随着低能源消费，中国这一特有经济现象引起了一些国外学者对中国经济增长的怀疑。本文先从能源消费弹性系数和节能率方面分析了这一现象，然后利用数据探讨了其原因：能源浪费严重，节能潜力大，经济体制改革，产业结构和产品结构的调整，以及能源结构的优化等等，证实了中国这几年的低能源消费带来了高经济增长并不是虚构的。最后提出了优化能源消费的一些建议。