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1.
We consider the extent to which U.S. fast-food businesses could adjust to an increase in the federal minimum wage from its current level of $7.25 an hour to $15 an hour without having to resort to reducing their workforce. We consider this issue through a set of simple illustrative exercises, whereby the US raises the federal minimum wage in two steps over four years, first to $10.50 within one year, then to $15 after three more years. We conclude that the fast-food industry could absorb the increase in its overall wage bill without resorting to cuts in their employment levels at any point over this four-year adjustment period. We find that the fast-food industry could fully absorb these wage bill increases through a combination of turnover reductions, trend increases in sales growth, and modest annual price increases over the four-year period. Working from the relevant existing literature, our results are based on a set of reasonable assumptions on fast-food turnover rates, the price elasticity of demand within the fast-food industry, and the industry’s underlying trend for sales growth. We also show that fast-food firms would not need to lower their average profit rate during this adjustment period. 相似文献
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农民工工资拖欠不仅对农民工本人带来了伤害,也对行业、社会、经济等方面带来了负面影响,究其原因,主要在于层层转包的用工制度。因此,要解决这个问题,首先应在取消这种用工制度的基础上,将农民工纳入企业统一的人事管理,实行按月发放的工资制度,进而逐渐规范诸如劳动合同制度等其它方面的管理。 相似文献
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刘峰 《湖南经济管理干部学院学报》2011,(6):19-21,25
我国农村社会救助政策和制度及其变迁,特别是对农村最低生活保障制度的探索反映出社会理念的进步和制度水平的提高。针对国外农村最低生活保障制度的发展,选择了五个国家的情况进行了分析。通过对国内外农村最低生活保障制度变迁的分析,我们可以得到以下几点启示:应明确农村最低生活保障制度的定位、农村低保应该处理好与自立脱贫之间的关系、加强政府与民间的合作、加强农村最低生活保障的立法、设立合理的农村低保基准线。 相似文献
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Women are disproportionately in low‐paid work compared to men so, in the absence of rationing effects on their employment, they should benefit the most from minimum wage policies. This study examines the change in the gender wage gap around the introduction of minimum wages in Ireland and the United Kingdom (U.K.). Using survey data for the two countries, we develop a decomposition of the change in the gender differences in wage distributions around the date of introduction of minimum wages. We separate out “price” effects attributed to minimum wages from “employment composition” effects. A significant reduction of the gender gap at low wages is observed after the introduction of the minimum wage in Ireland, while there is hardly any change in the U.K. Counterfactual simulations show that the difference between countries may be attributed to gender differences in non‐compliance with the minimum wage legislation in the U.K. 相似文献
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In the United States, laissez-faire has been the policy advocated in good times, while social legislation has been called for during crises. One instance of this dichotomy concerns the transformation of the American understanding of minimum wage laws during the early 20th century. During this time, the view of minimum wage laws changed from one that viewed such laws as theft, to one that saw such laws as being required for distributional justness. We examine the legal-historical debate concerning whether the Supreme Court renounced its policy of laissez-faire individualism in its 1937 ruling finding the minimum wage law constitutional, arguing that it did not. We investigate the free market standard that the Court used to find minimum wage laws unconstitutional in 1923. We demonstrate how the economic conditions of the Depression, coupled with the development of economic theory, explain how the Court eventually found the minimum wage law constitutional. 相似文献
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我国最低工资标准农民工就业效应分析——对全国、地区及行业的实证研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
文章探讨了我国最低工资标准对农民工就业的影响。研究表明,最低工资标准对农民工就业的影响存在一个阈值。在该阈值之前,最低工资标准的增加会促进农民工就业,而超过该阈值后,农民工就业就会随着最低工资标准的增加而减少。进一步的地区及行业分析表明,最低工资标准东、西部为正作用,中部为负作用;制造业为正作用,建筑业为负作用。文章最后提出了相关的政策建议。 相似文献
7.
Alan B. Krueger 《The Journal of economic education》2013,44(3):243-258
The author argues that the recent controversy over the effect of the minimum wage on employment offers an opportunity for teaching introductory economics. Research findings on the minimum wage could be used to motivate alternative models of the labor market, such as monopsony and search models, and to teach students how economists test hypotheses with data. 相似文献
8.
Christos Pargianas 《Applied economics letters》2018,25(7):447-450
This article shows that, across the US states, the level of education has a causal effect on the minimum wage. More specifically, it argues that a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of college graduates implies a 0.4–0.5% decrease in the real value of the minimum wage. This is the first article that uses System GMM in order to examine the effect of education on the minimum wage. Given the structure of the available data, this is the most appropriate econometric technique. System GMM not only controls for endogeneity and for fixed effects but also maximizes the precision of the estimates by using all the available variation in the data. 相似文献
9.
本文采用SVAR模型以及2005年7月至2011年12月的月度数据,研究了2005年的新汇率改革之后,我国货币政策冲击、外汇干预与汇率间的动态关联。主要发现与结论如下:在货币政策冲击、外汇干预与汇率三者的同期博弈中,外汇干预不能即刻影响同期汇率。利率的上升及广义货币供应量的变动均会对同期名义有效汇率造成一定影响,但不太显著。在三者的动态博弈中,外汇干预是非冲销和有效性得到验证,外汇干预信号的假设可以成立。此外,即使利率的变动并不针对汇率,却带来汇率的大幅波动。名义有效汇率的上升可以有效抑制消费价格指数(CPI)的提高,并且数量型货币政策容易造成CPI的反弹。本文针对研究结论提出了一些政策建议。 相似文献
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最低工资对人力资本的影响是其效应的一个重要方面。本文基于博弈论的方法,从企业雇员培训和工人自身人力资本投资两个角度对最低工资提高于企业员工人力资本的影响进行分析,发现最低工资提高会增加中等技术水平工人的入力资本积累,同时可能减少低技能水平工人的人力资本积累。最后,提出相关建议,认为政府应提高对低技能工人的关注度。 相似文献
12.
最低工资会打击农民工就业吗 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文对最低工资不利于农民工就业的各种观点进行了反驳.指出,政府需要制定相应的劳动力保护政策,以维护社会公平.通过制定最低工资,吸引农民工加入工会,壮大农民工在经济利益上合法抗争和博弈的能力,同时建立和健全农民工的社会保障体系,可以阻止农民工劳动供给曲线向右下方的无限制发散.本文提出了农民工实行最低工资的可行性,并对最低工资法的实施效果给予了肯定性评价. 相似文献
13.
最低工资制度从诞生时起就备受争议.主流经济学家反对的主要理由是,最低工资是对劳动力市场的价格管制,会导致失业率上升,经济效率下降.尽管这一结论并未完全得到实证检验的支持,但是作为一个正在崛起的发展中大国,效率和就业自然是我们首要关注的.理论和现实说明,我国目前并不具备最低工资的实施环境,那么政府为什么还要推行最低工资制度呢?本文提供了一个政治经济学的解读框架. 相似文献
14.
This article builds general equilibrium models to explore the relationship among appropriation, rural–urban migration, the minimum wage and unemployment. We find that the proportion of appropriated capital plays a key role in the effects of appropriation on unemployment and rural–urban migration. When the proportion of appropriated capital is large, a stronger control on appropriation by the government results in a lower unemployment rate and more rural–urban migrants, and vice versa. In the extended models, the conclusion may be different when the plundered factor changes from capital to land. In the situation with the agricultural sector employing unskilled labour and capital, appropriation has no impact on unemployment, and the effect on migration remains the same. We also discuss the implications of the minimum wage, and find that under plausible conditions, the rise of the minimum wage can alleviate appropriation and reduce unemployment. The situation of migration is ambiguous due to the impacts of two opposite factors. 相似文献
15.
最低工资标准的提升对于就业的效应究竟是正是负,目前理论界并没有一致的论证结果。本文首先从市场结构和企业应对措施两个角度,梳理了西方学界关于最低工资对就业影响的作用机理,然后建立一个涉及农民工、企业和政府三方的博弈模型,推导出行业就业弹性对劳动参与的关键作用,并利用全国各省市六个行业的面板数据进行了实证分析。本文的主要结论是,最低工资的实施标准按行业设置比目前按地区"一刀切"的模式更具科学性。 相似文献
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This paper constructs a labor search model to explore the effects of minimum wages on youth unemployment. To capture the gradual decline in unemployment for young workers as they age, the standard search model is extended so that workers gain experience when employed. Experienced workers have higher average productivity and lower job finding and separation rates that match wage and worker flow data. In this environment, minimum wages can have large effects on unemployment because they interact with a worker's ability to gain job experience. The increase in minimum wages between 2007 and 2009 can account for a 0.8 percentage point increase in the steady state unemployment rate and a 2.8 percentage point increase in unemployment for 15–24 year old workers in the model parameterized to simulate outcomes of high school educated workers. Minimum wages can also help explain the high rates of youth unemployment in France compared to the United States. 相似文献
18.
We evaluate the impact of large minimum wage hikes on employment and wage growth in Poland between 2004 and 2018. We estimate panel data models utilizing the considerable variation in wage levels, and in minimum wage bites, across 73 Polish NUTS 3 regions. We find that minimum wage hikes had a significant positive effect on wage growth and a significant negative effect on employment growth only in regions of Poland that were in the first tercile of the regional wage distribution in 2007. These effects were moderate in size, and appear to be more relevant for wages. Specifically, if the ratio of minimum wage to average wage had remained constant after 2007, by 2018, the average wages in these regions would have been 3.2% lower, while employment would have been 1.2% higher. In the remaining two-thirds of Polish regions, we find no significant effects of minimum wage hikes on average wages or on employment. 相似文献
19.
本文在搜集全国各市所有区县1999-2007年最低工资标准的基础上,将企业微观数据与最低工资标准数据合并,实证检验了最低工资对中国制造业企业成本加成的影响。本文研究发现,均值层面上,最低工资的提高显著提升了企业成本加成,这说明现阶段我国的最低工资制度是适宜的,对企业成本加成具有正面影响。进一步影响机制检验表明,最低工资可能通过影响企业资本劳动比等途径促进企业成本加成提升。虽然本文表明最低工资标准的提升不会抑制企业成本加成提高,但仍然需要关注最低工资对企业产生的其他影响,统筹处理好维护劳动者权益与促进企业发展的关系,使最低工资标准更好地与经济发展相协调。 相似文献
20.
农民工低工资率与国民福利损失的经济学分析——对经典劳动供给理论的拓展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章通过融入了劳动供给的生理约束条件的多时期模型对经典劳动供给理论进行了拓展,并分析了农民工工资决定中的多重均衡,以此说明了当前我国外资企业中农民工工资过低的国民福利损失及农业剩余劳动转移完毕之前农民工《最低工资法》的经济合理性。 相似文献