参与发展:上海构建和谐旅游城市的理论与实践

"旅游促进发展"已成为共识。随着上海都市旅游发展的深入,出现了许多不和谐现象和负面效应,特别是对本地居民利益保护的缺位现象等日益凸现。为了促进上海都市旅游和谐发展,在探析和谐旅游城市构建中引入参与发展理念,具有重要的理论与实践指导意义。     

社会资本视角下后疫情时代城市居民乡村旅游意向研究

以往关于乡村旅游意向的研究,关注点较多为旅游者自身的特点,忽视了旅游者与乡村人员之间的关系可能发挥的作用。文章引入社会资本为前因变量、心理距离为中介变量,通过调研探讨了后疫情时代城市居民的乡村旅游意向。首先,关系信任与共同愿景会降低城市居民的心理距离,进而提高其乡村旅游意向,而交互联结的影响并不显著;其次,心理距离对乡村旅游意向具有显著的负向影响;最后,心理距离在关系信任和共同愿景与乡村旅游意向之间发挥中介作用。文章是首次将社会资本三个维度运用到我国乡村旅游现象中的实证研究,研究结论可以帮助后疫情时代乡村了解和运用社会资本,重视心理距离的影响,制定更加灵活有效的乡村旅游发展策略。     

Tourism stakeholders attitudes toward sustainable development: A case in the Arctic

This research attempts to explore tourism stakeholders’ attitudes toward the practices of sustainability in Arctic destinations that have been regarded as sacred and pristine places that are susceptible to the influx of tourists. A mixed-method approach involving qualitative and quantitative studies is deployed in the Scandinavian Arctic region to facilitate data collection on three groups of tourism stakeholders: residents, tourists, and tourism operators. From the qualitative study, stakeholder attitudes toward environmental protection and cultural preservation emerge as the exogenous variable influencing the practices of sustainability. A host of questionnaire surveys is conducted at various Arctic destinations and results in 593 questionnaires are used for further data analyses. This research finds that among the three groups of stakeholders studied, tourists exhibit the strongest interest in sustainable tourism development in the Arctic region. Further, path analyses demonstrate that a positive attitude toward cultural preservation is considered as the driving force in promoting sustainable operations in Arctic destinations. A positive attitude toward environmental protection also prompts the stakeholders to consider setting a limit for tourism development in the Arctic.     

泰州市当地居民旅游感知的实证研究

本文通过对泰州居民感知进行实地调查,发现目前泰州旅游业处于发展初期,居民对于负面影响的感知还不是很强烈;居民对于旅游环境的正面影响感知虽然比较强烈,但是分歧也较大,城市环境有待进一步提高,对于旅游发展给环境带来的负面影响一部分居民没有明确表态,还处于观察的阶段。居民感知的实证研究能够为刚刚起步的泰州旅游业提供一些有价值的参考建议。     

外资进入我国旅游业趋向的影响因素分析

针对我国旅游业未来外资进入的规模、方式与结构,文章系统研究了影响外资进入我国旅游业的各项动力因素,认为旅游行业设施使用率和入境旅游人数是影响外资进入规模的关键因素,而外资进入方式和结构受当地经济增长、投资环境、旅游行业及外商自身因素的综合影响,由此也构成外资进程序包国旅游业趋向的预测指标体系.     

城市居民对乡村旅游产品需求趋势研究——以宁波市民为例

以问卷调查为手段以宁波市民为例,对城市居民乡村旅游的消费状况和需求趋势进行了初步研究。结果表明,城市居民乡村旅游的消费动机主要为回归自然的身心需要、求新求知的需要、怀旧的需要和复合需要;影响因素为对乡村旅游产品的认知和满意度较低。这一结果表明,我国乡村旅游发展中存在的主要问题为产品雷同、文化内涵缺乏、参与项目不足、同行恶性竞争等。     

张家界国家森林公园导游环境解说研究

本研究主要以张家界国家森林公园的解说环境为背景,并对公园游客环境解说满意度及导游环境解说现状进行了详细的调查分析,运用定性分析与定量分析方法相结合的方法,总结出适合森林公园导游环境解说的技术线路为确定解说主旨、解说目标受众、解说主题,运用合理解说技术,创造良好解说机会。通过统计结果分析,得出森林公园景区以导游环境解说为主,并达到教育、娱乐、解释的目的;进行游客层次划分;加强从业人员培训等结论。借此提高森林公园导游解说水平,完善适合当地的旅游解说系统理论体系。     

惠山古镇历史文化街区营销对策SWOT分析

无锡市惠山古镇历史文化街区是具有江南鲜明旅游及休闲文化特色的历史文化街区之一。在古镇的发展及运营过程中,无锡市民及国内外游客的到访对其有不同的认识。文章采取现场调查法,对惠山古镇的发展现状和存在的问题作分析,并提出建设性的市场营销策略,强调树立鲜明的古镇形象和祠堂文化的主题理念,注重体验互动性休闲旅游产品的塑造,是当前古镇建设及营销的重点。     

基于游客满意度的旅游目的地形象建设模式——TSS

很多旅游目的地进行形象建设,仅仅考虑旅游目的地本身的形象设计,却忽略了形象接收者及游客的感知形象建设。TSS(tourist satisfaction system)模式即是以游客满意度的影响因素、旅游目的地的形象准则为立足点,进一步研究游客满意度的类型与形象建设的关系,以便旅游目的地形成一定的品牌形象效应。     

黔东南州居民旅游感知比较研究——以西江苗寨与肇兴侗寨为例

论文研究了黔东南西江苗寨与肇兴侗寨的居民对旅游影响的感知问题。通过对西江与肇兴两地的案例研究发现,两地的旅游发展在经济、社会文化、生态环境三个方面都带来积极的与消极的影响。西江居民对旅游影响的整体感知度较高,且内部分化较小;而肇兴居民对旅游影响的整体感知度较低,但内部分化却较大。在旅游地居民类型方面,西江有五大类型;而肇兴还有六大类型,增加了憎恨者类型。笔者认为要推动了当地的可持续发展,需要采取如下措施:规范旅游流;提高旅游吸引力;扩大旅游承载力;加强制度创新;促进旅游利益主体的旅游参与,改善旅游利益主体对旅游的认知等。     

Social distance between residents and international tourists—Implications for international business

This paper uses the social distance concept and employs a revised version of Bogardus’ [Bogardus, E. S. (1933b). Social problems and social processes: Selected papers from the proceedings of the American sociological society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press] social-distance scale, to explore cognitive structures of Austrian residents towards Japanese and German tourists. The removal of conflicts between residents and international tourists is vital to improve the economic outcomes of the exchange of individuals from various cultural backgrounds. This can help the tourism sector, which is significant factor in the service industry. Data from a quota-sample of 449 respondents, commenting on everyday life interactions with German and Japanese tourists is used. Similarity analysis methodology is applied to ‘link’ statements and interpret differences in views towards tourist encounters. Austrian residents view tourist groups similar in terms of brief interactions (e.g. when visiting museums or walking in gardens). However, long-term relationships (e.g. kindergarten and schools vs. personal invitation to homes) manifest themselves differently. The cognitive structures of interaction we identify can be seen as conflict-coping strategies. For residents, social distance serves as a means to avoid malfunctioning relationships. In that respect, Austrians are more reluctant to engage in personal interactions with Japanese tourists than with German tourists. The paper concludes with managerial recommendations for international business and tourism managers that are designed to improve social and economic performance of interaction.     

日本提高外国游客人均消费金额的措施及特点

2018年,日本外国游客突破3119万人次,为日本带来45189亿日元的产值,旅游业已成为日本的支柱产业之一。但自2015年开始,在日游客人均消费额逐年下降,游客在消费上呈现出新的动向与新的变化。通过归纳、总结日本各界在此背景下,在提高外国游客人均消费金额方面采取的措施,并分析这些措施呈现出的特点,可为我国的旅游业发展提供参考。     

Tourism to the Cook Islands retrospective and prospective

Tourism has increased markedly on the Cook Islands during the past several years, and the local government would like to see that trend continue. Doing so will require more development, however, and that development is limited by the islands' tiny size and potential lack of potable water resources. Comparing the islands' situation in the 1960s to that of the present day, the author concludes that tourism has essentially been a favorable economic force for the Cooks, but the wealth has not been shared evenly. Moreover, tourists bring their own values to the islands, and local residents find that they must adapt to their new customers' expectations.     

基于竞争态模型的河南入境旅游市场开发研究

应用波士顿咨询集团的波士顿矩阵法,根据入境游客数量的分析,可以建立入境旅游市场竞争态模型,从而对国际游客的市场占有率和增长率进行量化分析,入境旅游实质上体现了一个地方的开放度,区域经济的发展依赖于对外开放和融合,入境旅游的发展必须靠全社会的努力,营造出大旅游的氛围。     

Determinants of Visitors’ Intentions to Consume and Recommend Local Agro-Food Products

Previous research has revealed the relevance of consuming local food products in the visitor experience and in maintaining the sustainable development of tourism destinations. By reviewing the available studies in the field of tourism, attempts have been made to identify those factors influencing the consumption of local food products during a trip. However, few studies have analysed visitors’ behaviour in terms of their intentions to search for and recommend these products after returning to their home countries. The present study addresses this gap by analysing the factors that influence visitors’ intentions. A total of 500 international tourists in Portugal were interviewed and several linear regression models were used. The evaluation shows that the attributes of local agro-food products, food-related personality traits, and the motivations behind consuming these kinds of products emerge as the most important factors that influence visitors’ intentions to consume these products and to recommend them after a trip. However, the results also show differences in the determinants in terms of type of local agro-food product under analysis, as well as differences between the intention to consume and the intention to recommend. The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are also presented.     

入境游客对苏州涉外旅游服务满意度调查研究

入境游客的满意度直接关系到苏州国际旅游竞争力。为不断提升苏州在国际旅游市场的影响力,提高游客重游率,实现入境旅游市场的不断增长,通过对2011年苏州入境游客进行随机调查,结果显示,入境游客对苏州涉外旅游服务满意度较高,不同国家或地区的游客和入住不同酒店的游客在服务满意度上存在着一些差异。为保持和提高苏州涉外旅游服务满意度,导游必须不断提高自身素质,其他涉外服务人员应该了解中西方文化差异、提高英语听说能力,旅游行政管理部门不断提高监督管理水平,高等院校和旅游培训部门要加强对涉外旅游服务人才的职业素质教育和职业技能培训,扩大旅游教育培训的国际合作与交流。     

文化旅游真实性感知对旅游者忠诚的影响机制研究——基于旅游者幸福感的中介效应

以往研究在文化旅游真实性感知对旅游者忠诚的影响问题上,得出了不同的结论,在存在主义真实性对旅游者忠诚的影响上存在较大分歧,内在机制尚不清晰。文章以幸福感的两个维度——享乐幸福感和实现幸福感为中介,研究文化旅游真实性感知的两种类型——客体相关真实性和存在主义真实性对旅游者忠诚的影响机制。研究结果表明,客体相关真实性对旅游者忠诚的影响被享乐幸福感和实现幸福感部分中介;存在主义真实性对旅游者忠诚的影响被享乐幸福感和实现幸福感完全中介。文章以幸福感为中介,丰富了文化旅游真实性感知对旅游者忠诚的影响机制研究,同时从享乐幸福感和实现幸福感入手,扩展了旅游者幸福感研究方向,为旅游目的地忠诚研究提供了新的视角。     

省域农村居民旅游消费的空间计量研究

不同省域农村居民旅游消费的差异可以建立和运用空间计量经济学模型来研究,分析2004～2007年中国27个省市的面板数据的结果表明：我国省域农村居民旅游消费存在空间依赖性,旅游消费行为受到本地旅游消费和相邻省域旅游消费的共同影响,农村居民的人均收入对省域旅游消费的弹性系数显著为正。为此,政府在制定农村居民旅游消费政策时,必须考虑旅游消费引导的空间作用机制对不同省域农村居民旅游消费的差异化作用。     

Do SARS-CoV-2 safety measures affect visitors experience of traditional gastronomy,destination image and loyalty to a World Heritage City?

Sars-Cov-2 paralyzed tourism, which only began to recover after the vaccine roll-out. This study investigates loyalty to a city based on the perception of COVID safety measures in traditional restaurants. To test eight hypotheses, the PLS-SEM method was applied to a sample of 154 tourists who visited Córdoba (Spain) for the traditional cuisine. Results show that visitors' perception of restaurants’ COVID safety measures affects their satisfaction with the restaurant and local cuisine, their general image of this World Heritage city, and their loyalty to it. Thus, appropriate coronavirus risk management can help ensure that visitors recommend and revisit the city.