新农合政策与农村居民的就医地点选择变化

为引导参合农民更多到基层医疗机构就医,新农合试点后曾多次降低村诊所和乡镇医院的起付线和提高报销比例.然而,政策的这种调整达到了预期的效果吗?它对农村居民的就医地点选择起到怎样的作用?利用中国营养和健康调查(CHNS) 2004和2006年度的农户数据,研究通过一个多选项Logit模型对此进行了验证和回答.研究发现,在新农合开展较早的2004年,参合农民病后更可能选择到附近的诊所就医;到2006年,参合对农民病后是否选择去看医生已起不到显著影响作用,但提高了他们病后进行自我治疗的可能性.     

谈判势力与中间品关税政策研究

中间品国际贸易对全球贸易举足轻重。当前文献聚焦于最终品关税政策的研究,对中间品关税政策的模型研究关注不足。构建拥有一体化企业和中间品生产企业的D国和拥有依赖中间品进口才能完成生产的最终品生产企业的F国在第三国市场开展产量竞争的博弈模型,分析企业同时或先后进入市场时中间品生产企业的谈判势力对两国中间品关税政策的影响。研究发现：①无论企业是否同时进入第三国市场,一体化企业所在国家均会选择对中间品选择出口征税干预政策,其社会福利与企业进入顺序相关。当最终品生产企业先进入市场或一体化企业与最终品生产企业同时进入市场时,D国社会福利相较于自由贸易时得到优化,当一体化企业先进入市场时,D国社会福利遭到恶化,两国实行的贸易政策陷入“囚徒困境”。②当F国实行贸易干预时,中间品关税政策与企业进入顺序密切相关。当最终品生产企业先进入市场时,F国将对中间产品进口征税;当一体化企业先进入市场或双方同时进入市场时,若谈判势力相对较强,F国将实行征税,反之则会实行进口补贴。     

资产专用性与谈判力基础的关系

在企业内部,资产专用性既不增强也不削弱其所有者谈判力基础。真正决定它们谈判力的是要素自身对企业的重要性。对于物质资本来说是它的抵押功能,而对于人力资本来说,是它的稀缺性。各要素谈判力基础的计量是一个博弈的过程,而没有一个首先设定的伦理标准。     

Financial Management, Bargaining and Efficiency within the Household; an Empirical Analysis

This paper analyzes data from the British Household Panel Survey on households' financial management and financial decision-making. Direct subjective information was collected by asking questions like ‘Who has the final say in big financial decisions?’. All questions were answered separately by both partners. We consider two competing models explaining how finances are organized. The first model is based on a household production approach, in which behaviour is determined by an efficient allocation of both partners' time to market work, financial management, and leisure. In the second model, which is game-theoretic in nature, financial management is a reflection of bargaining power. The two models have different implications for the effect of explanatory variables, in particular wages, on the dependent variables. Empirical results indicate that financial management is primarily determined by bargaining considerations.     

Early Effects of the Affordable Care Act on Health Care Access,Risky Health Behaviors,and Self-Assessed Health

The goal of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was to achieve nearly universal health insurance coverage through a combination of mandates, subsidies, marketplaces, and Medicaid expansions, most of which took effect in 2014. We use data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to examine the impacts of the ACA on health care access, risky health behaviors, and self-assessed health after two years. We estimate difference-in-difference-in-differences models that exploit variation in treatment intensity from state participation in the Medicaid expansion and pre-ACA uninsured rates. Results suggest that the ACA led to sizeable improvements in access to health care in both Medicaid expansion and nonexpansion states, with the gains being larger in expansion states along some dimensions. However, we do not find clear effects on risky behaviors or self-assessed health.     

Renting Goodwill in International Marketing Channels: An Analysis of Pricing Strategies and Bargaining Power

This paper investigates the pricing decisions of foreign manufacturers in international markets within a bargaining framework with asymmetric information and the rental of goodwill. The key findings are: first, the foreign manufacturer follows a mark-up pricing strategy in which its gross margin and the quality premium over the domestic product are shared with the importer. Second, a manufacturer–importer contract occurs only when the manufacturer’s bargaining power is within an admissible range which shrinks as transaction costs increase. Third, the domestic consumer will only purchase the foreign product if the importer’s goodwill in the domestic market is sufficiently large to signal quality. The paper contributes to the literature on exchange relationships between foreign manufacturers and importers.     

Consequences of Price Discrimination in Health Care

Atlantic Economic Journal -     

Hospital Technology in a Nonmarket Health Care System

This article presents a quantitative analysis of the production of hospital services in a nonmarket environment based on production theory and a very complete data set on the hospital industry. It provides both insights into the optimality of the hospital industry structure and a useful framework to evaluate the impact of anticipated industry structural changes. We find that the industry structure is far from optimal; it is characterized by overcapitalization and would experience difficulty responding to increased demand for some types of services.     

收入分配、医疗资源与人口健康:一个跨国研究

收入分配与人口健康的关系是一个争论已久的问题。本文在总结各种理论假说和以往实证研究的基础上,使用新的、质量较好的跨国面板数据,重新检验了收入分配与人口健康的关系。本文的分析重点有二:一是收入分配对人口健康的滞后影响;二是医疗资源在收入分配与人口健康的相关关系中所起的作用。本文的主要发现是,收入不均对人口健康的确有不利影响,但这种不利影响需要10年或更长的滞后期才能充分显现出来,这种滞后性是以往使用固定效应模型的跨国研究未能检测到收入不均与人口健康具有负相关关系的主要原因。此外,医疗资源(特别是初级医疗资源)人均拥有量对人口健康有积极作用;医疗资源有可能通过某种不可观察固定因素对收入分配与人口健康的关系发生影响。这些发现有助于澄清关于收入分配与人口健康关系的争论,对医疗政策也有重要参考价值。