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1.
    
No‐take marine reserves have been increasingly advocated as an effective means of supporting marine ecosystems and conserving fisheries resources. A major problem that can hinder the effectiveness of no‐take reserves is the incidence of illegal fishing, which has created significant ecological and economic losses in global fisheries. We construct a bioeconomic model to explore the connection between the effects of no‐take reserves and illegal fishing activities in relation to the level of regulatory control of illegal activities in the reserve and fished areas. Our parameterised model shows that the effects of no‐take reserves on both the extent of illegal fishing and the fish biomass critically depend on illegal fishing regulations and the scale and patterns of fish dispersal. In a fishery where illegal fishing can only be partially controlled, increasing the size of the no‐take reserve may result in a lose‐lose situation in which the level of illegal fishing effort increases and the total biomass decreases. Our results further show that when the pattern of fish dispersal is density dependent, imposing a stricter control on illegal fishing in either reserves or fished areas increases the aggregate level of illegal fishing.  相似文献   

2.
论文在界定耕地资源代际公平内涵的基础上.阐述代际公平原则对传统经济学理论的挑战,接着指出了我国目前耕地资源利用存在着数量存量失衡和功能存量的危机,最后提出了我国耕地资源利用代际失衡的原因及对策。  相似文献   

3.
    
Recent modelling of the costs and benefits of climate change has renewed debate regarding assumptions for the social discount rate in analysing the impacts of environmental change. Previous literature suggests two key factors influence estimates of the social discount rate: the rate of pure time preference and the elasticity of marginal utility of future consumption. These components of the social discount rate reinforce the linkages between the choice of social discount rate and intergenerational distribution. This paper addresses the question of the relationship between intergenerational equity and the social discount rate and promotes the application of intergenerational distributional weights as a means of incorporating intergenerational equity preferences in policy analysis. Intergenerational equity‐adjusted social discount rates are derived as a means of decomposing the intergenerational equity aspect of the social discount rate. The work has significant policy implications for projects with long time frames given the sensitivity of Cost Benefit Analysis outcomes to decisions regarding the social discount rate.  相似文献   

4.
    
The potential for improving irrigation scheduling decisions and adoption of more efficient irrigation systems is explored using a bioeconomic simulation model of lettuce production on the Gnangara Mound near Perth, Western Australia. Sandy soils with poor water and nutrient holding capacity are associated with declining marginal productivity of water at high water use, which would create an incentive to reduce water use and to adopt closer sprinkler spacing if farmers had correct information about the declining marginal productivity of water. Incorrect perceptions regarding water–yield relationships lead to over use of water by up to 50 per cent and reduce profits by 475 per crop hectare (12 per cent) in the short run, and remove the incentive to adopt more efficient systems in the long run. Higher water prices create an incentive to reduce irrigation scheduling time in the short term and to adopt more uniform sprinkler systems, and tend to reduce the discrepancies associated with poor information about the marginal productivity of water. The low level of adoption of efficient irrigation systems in the region might be explained partly by historically poor water governance and insufficient extension regarding water productivity and technology.  相似文献   

5.
    
In one way or another, all environmental and natural resource problems associated with overexploitation or under provision of public goods, arise from incompletely defined and enforced property rights. As a result private decision makers do not consider or internalize social benefits and costs in their production or investment actions. The gap between private and social net returns results in externalities – harmful effects on third parties: overfishing, excessive air pollution, unwarranted extraction or diversion of ground or surface water, extreme depletion of oil and gas reservoirs. These situations are all examples of the 'The Tragedy of the Commons'. In this paper, I consider options for mitigating the losses of open access: common or group property regimes, government tax and regulation policy, more formal private property rights. I briefly summarize the problems and advantages of each option and describe why there has been move toward rights-based instruments in recent years: ITQ (individual transferable quotas), tradable emission permits, and private water rights. Introductions to the papers in the special issue follow.  相似文献   

6.
7.
日本渔业法律体系研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文从探讨日本渔业法律的调整对象和法律渊源入手,分析了日本渔业法律体系的各类构成,研究了日本渔业法律体系的基本架构及渔业立法的特点。  相似文献   

8.
关于生态渔业若干问题的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文从理论与实践的结合上论述生态渔业的概念及其在我国的发展,发展生态渔业的必要性与可行性,生态渔业的类型与模式,提高渔业生态经济效益的措施,并提出了面临的问题与建议,以促进我国生态渔业的发展,实现可持续渔业的发展战略目标  相似文献   

9.
This article examines the allocative efficiency of water quality management activities to protect endangered salmonid species in a heterogeneous watershed in the Pacific Northwest. Using an integrated hydrological, biological, and economic modeling framework, the relative efficiency of alternative policy targets such as temperature reductions and enhanced fish populations is investigated. Results indicate that the heterogeneous nature of riparian conditions and stream morphology influence the choice of management activities. Localized effects of management efforts on temperature are important to achieve small temperature reductions. However, as the desired magnitude of temperature reductions increases, the cumulative (longitudinal) effects become more important, and management efforts in more distant reaches are more efficient than efforts nearer the point of monitoring. Finally, if the underlying objective is to increase fish populations, targeting conservation efforts based on physical criteria such as water temperatures or other total maximum daily load regulations may lead to substantial inefficiencies.  相似文献   

10.
渔政的核心内容是渔场管理和渔船管理,特殊时期的渔政管理方法和策略具有重要的借鉴意义。二战后的日本的渔业一片破败,在美国占领军司令部的严厉控制以及国内经济全面崩溃的情况下,日本渔业能够迅速从复兴到发展,并能走出自成一体的渔业管理及渔船管理模式,引起普遍关注。本文从国际环境、国内民生、渔业资源状况等多角度,对战后特殊时期的日本渔业在渔场、渔船、渔政等方面进行考察,分析它在演变历程中的背景因素,探讨其渔船管理的特点,为我国相关渔政提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
渔业管理审计是渔业治理的重要工具,开展渔业管理审计有利于实现渔业的可持续发展,论文借鉴最高审计机关国际组织(INTOSAI)。环境审计工作组发布的《可持续渔业管理审计指南》,分析了开展渔业管理审计的必要性、明确了开展渔业管理审计的依据和审计步骤,并对我国审计机关开展渔业管理审计提出了若干建议。  相似文献   

12.
小城镇的环境问题及其原因分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
总结了我国小城镇建设与发展过程中存在的环境问题,分析了与之相关的七个方面的主要原因。  相似文献   

13.
    
Allocation of fish resources is a controversial subject. This is partly because of our limited understanding of the values of fishing opportunities. This study investigates fishing site choices in Western Australia using national survey data covering eight major fishing regions and forty‐eight fishing sites. We estimate a random utility model (RUM) of site choice with a supporting negative binomial model of angler‐specific expected catch rates. Value estimates for fish types, fishing site attribute changes and access values are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

14.
We present a model of fishers' gear choice, which allows for heterogeneity both in production technology and risk preferences and apply it on a panel of Swedish trawlers. Stochastic revenue functions are estimated and used to predict the mean and standard deviation of revenue for each trip. In a random-parameters logit model, we test if these predicted values explain gear choice. A majority of fishers respond positively to increased mean and negatively to increased variability of expected landing values, indicating risk aversion, but also show a strong tendency to choose the same gear used on the previous trip.  相似文献   

15.
小流域水资源动态模型研究初探   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
文章介绍了以松花江水系陡嘴子河的仁国点集水小流域为例,根据获得的基础资料,经分析整理验证,给出小流域水资源动态模型,为小流域水资源的持续高效利用服务。  相似文献   

16.
林业与人类的生存和发展密切相关,它承担着生态环境建设和促进社会可持续发展的重大使命。日本非常重视林业的发展,在各项政策的设计上都充分考虑了对林业的扶持,税收政策也不例外。  相似文献   

17.
从土壤发生学观点出发,把土壤作为自然——经济的综合体进行分析研究,分析了绛县土壤形成发育的各方面环境因素,并结合小流域治理,提出综合整治和开发的具体生态模式和措施,为地方政府农业生态建设规划提供依据。  相似文献   

18.
    
There is increasing evidence that respondents to choice experiment surveys do not consider all attributes presented in the choice sets. Not accounting for this ‘attribute non‐attendance’ leads to biased parameter estimates, and hence biased estimates of willingness to pay. Various methods exist to account for non‐attendance in the analysis of choice data, with limited agreement as to which method is ‘best’. This paper compares modelling approaches that can account for non‐attendance, based on stated and inferred attribute non‐attendance. Respondents' stated non‐attendance is incorporated in the specification of multinomial and mixed logit models. Inference of non‐attendance is based on equality constrained latent class models. Results show that model fit is significantly improved when attribute non‐attendance is taken into account, and that welfare estimates are lower when incorporating non‐attendance. The inference based on equality constrained latent class models provides the best model fit. There is little concordance between stated and inferred non‐attendance, suggesting that respondents may not answer attendance statements truthfully.  相似文献   

19.
[目的]研究旨在探讨环境公平感知和社会信任与农户低碳生产行为之间的关系,为促进农户生产行为向低碳化方向转变提供对策建议。[方法]基于陕西和甘肃两省的村域调查数据,以农膜和秸秆处理为例,运用二元logistic模型探讨环境公平感知和社会信任对农户低碳生产行为的影响,并结合分层回归分析了社会信任在环境公平感知和农户低碳生产行为间的调节效应。[结果](1)在环境公平感知维度中,人际公平感知正向影响农户的农膜和秸秆处理行为; (2)对社会信任来讲,人际信任对农户农膜和秸秆处理行为均有显著的促进作用,而制度信任仅对农户秸秆处理行为具有正向影响; (3)人际信任在种际公平感知和农户农膜处理行为之间具有显著的正向调节效应,而制度信任在两者之间具有显著的负向调节效应; 同样,人际信任在人际公平感知和农户秸秆处理行为之间具有正向调节效应,而制度信任弱化了人际公平感知对农户秸秆处理行为的影响。[结论]环境公平感知和社会信任是影响农户低碳生产行为的关键因素,且社会信任在种际公平感知和农户农膜处理行为之间以及在人际公平感知和农户秸秆处理行为之间具有显著的调节作用。  相似文献   

20.
解决中小型环保高新技术企业的融资瓶颈,不仅需要充分利用有关中小企业和高新技术企业以及环保产业融资方面的现有法律法规,还应结合我国实际,建立和完善相关的环保资金筹集的法律制度,为中小型环保高新技术企业的融资保驾护航。  相似文献   

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