新兴市场国家金融部门外国直接投资问题研究

20世纪90年代中期以后,在一系列因素的作用下,新兴市场国家的FSFDI迅速增长。FS-FDI具有提高新兴市场国家的资本分配效率等积极作用,但同时也产生了新的金融脆弱性,使新兴市场国家的金融监管当局面临重大挑战。新兴市场国家在吸收FSFDI时应当加强审慎有效的金融监管;合理控制FSFDI的数量并鼓励本国金融机构提高国际化程度;统筹规划FSFDI的格局,避免来源国过于集中。目前,外资银行对中国金融部门的直接投资尚处在准备阶段,随着中国金融自由化步伐的逐步加快,以中国为首的东亚新兴市场国家将成为吸收国际FSFDI的主力。     

东道国金融发展对中国企业对外直接投资的影响:二元边际与生产率门槛

文章基于中国上市企业2008-2015年对外直接投资数据,分析东道国金融发展在扩展边际和集约边际上对企业对外直接投资决策以及投资所需生产率水平的影响。研究发现,在不同生产率的企业中东道国金融发展的影响是异质性的。较高的金融发展水平会系统性地降低投资所需的生产率水平,进而促进中国企业对外直接投资的概率、次数和规模。进一步的研究还发现,在经济发展水平比中国高的东道国金融发展的生产率效应更显著,投资所需生产率下降得更多。尽管如此,高经济发展水平东道国的最低生产率门槛仍然高于低经济发展水平的东道国。控制了金融发展指标和企业全要素生产率的内生性后,结果依然稳健。     

新兴市场国家金融部门外国直接投资:文献综述

金融部门外国直接投资是一种特殊形式的FDI。母国商业银行主要出于跟随客户等因素进行跨国直接投资；由于投资的形式不同，面临的风险也不相同。对东道国而言，金融部门外国直接投资对其资本分配效率和金融市场的发展以及宏观经济与金融的稳定性都会产生影响和一定的负面效应，并使东道国的金融监管当局面临挑战。     

The Effect of Inflation Targeting on Foreign Direct Investment Flows to Developing Countries

Due to the many benefits that come with foreign direct investment (FDI), such as greater economic growth and technology spillovers, developing countries strive to attract this type of investment. Although the amount of FDI in developing countries has increased greatly over the past several years, not all developing countries have been successful at attracting it. A credible monetary policy, such as inflation targeting (IT), might make countries that implement it more attractive destinations for FDI flows due to the reliable macroeconomic environment created. This paper estimates the effect of IT on FDI flows to developing countries using a difference-in-differences approach and panel data for 71 countries for the period 1985 to 2013. This paper also looks at the difference between targeting and non-targeting countries in terms of FDI inflows during times of high instability. The results indicate that the adoption of IT leads to increased FDI flows to developing countries overall and, most importantly, during times of distress.

     

Long‐run Effect of the Global Financial Crisis on Singapore's Tourism and the Economy

This study employs recent Singaporean tourism survey data, the updated Singaporean input–output tables and a computable general equilibrium model to gauge the long‐run effects of the 2008 global financial crisis and selected policy responses. The simulation results suggest that the global financial crisis has had mild negative long‐run effects on the overall development of Singapore's economy, and that the GST deduction policy ought to offset this negative effect.     

Official Development Assistance and Foreign Direct Investment Flows to Sub‐Saharan Africa

Abstract: Foreign direct investment is believed to have a positive impact on the economies of the developing countries but its determinants are not yet fully established. This paper empirically investigates the relationship between official development assistances and foreign direct investment flows using panel data from 11 sub‐Saharan African countries for the period 1990–2003. The results show that bilateral official development assistance has a significant and positive influence on foreign direct investment flows. The results also show that trade openness, growth rate in the labor force, and exchange rates have a positive and significant effect on foreign direct investment flows. But multilateral development assistance, the growth rate in GDP per capita, the country's composite risk level, and the index for political freedom and civil liberties do not have a statistically significant effect on foreign direct investment flows. The policy implication of the positive and significant influence of the bilateral official development assistance on foreign direct investment is that the recipient countries need to formulate policies that improve their economic relationships with the donor countries in order to attract greater foreign direct investment flows from the multilateral corporations located in these countries.     

我国对外直接投资问题及对策

随着我国经济的发展,企业已拥有到国外发展的优势条件,研究我国对外直接投资战略,积极开拓国际市场和利用外国资源,增强我国经济发展的后劲与动力,加快我国企业“走出去”战略的步伐,有重要的现实意义。     

对外直接投资对企业创新的影响分析

文章基于中国快速增长的对外投资和技术升级与结构转型的背景，考察对外投资对企业创新的影响及其作用机制。基于对外投资影响企业创新的理论机制分析，文章利用中国上市公司财务与专利数据检验了对外投资对企业创新的影响，为克服样本选择和内生性问题，文章采用了倾向匹配得分法和双重差分法进行估计，研究发现，对外投资显著地提高了企业的创新产出，随着时间的推移，对外投资对发明专利申请的贡献具有持续性，对非发明专利的贡献较小且不具有持续性。仅进行海外并购投资的企业，对外投资对其发明专利没有影响。影响机制检验结果表明，对外投资会通过提高研发投入和外部学习效应来促进企业创新。     

The Effects of Preferential Trade Agreements on Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from the African Caribbean Pacific Region

Open Economies Review - Our empirical analysis utilises panel data on bilateral FDI stocks from 34 OECD countries into 45 ACP countries over the period 2000–2017 to consider the role of PTAs...     

The Dynamic Linkages between Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Investment in ECOWAS Countries: A Panel Cointegration Analysis

Abstract: This paper examines the crowding out or crowding in effect of foreign direct investment inflow on domestic investment in Africa. Data for the period 1970–2008 were extracted from the UN statistical online database and the World Development Indicator 2009 online database and the study employed a recent panel cointegration estimation technique. The study revealed that foreign direct investment inflow crowds out domestic investment in the ECOWAS region. The study therefore recommends that policy makers in the ECOWAS countries focus on promotional resources to attract some types of foreign direct investment and regulate others. Policies should also be directed at putting in place a better targeted approach to screen foreign direct investment applications to ascertain their productive base before allowing them.     

Vertical Intra-Industry Trade and Foreign Direct Investment between Japan and European Countries

In this paper, we provide an overview of the development of vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT) between Japan and various European countries, including both old and new EU members, as well as emerging Central and Eastern European countries. VIIT indices constructed in this paper cover a much wider range of margins of unit price ratio than existing studies. Our empirical model attempts to explain the distributional characteristics of VIIT through foreign direct investments (FDI), in addition to traditional determinants of IIT, such as differences in GDP per capita, average GDP, and smaller and larger GDPs. Our sample covers the period from 1988 to 2004 for bilateral trade between Japan and 31 European countries. Our econometric methodology for these panel data uses fixed-effect model estimation with a variable transformation determined by a Box-Cox approach. We find that intra-industry trade between European countries and Japan increases with their corresponding Japanese FDIs, especially for new EU member countries. Our results also indicate that it is important to measure a wider range of quality based on relative prices rather than the traditional ratio used in the literature.     

Financial Development and Economic Growth in Sub‐Saharan African Countries: Evidence from Time Series Analysis

Abstract: This paper seeks to empirically explore the causal link between the level of financial development and economic growth in 13 sub‐Saharan African countries. The empirical investigation is carried out in a vector autoregression (VAR) framework based on the theory of cointegration and error‐correction representation of cointegrated variables. The results of the cointegration analysis provide evidence of the existence of a long‐run relationship between financial development and economic growth in almost all (12 out of 13) of the countries. With respect to the direction of long‐term causality, the results show that financial development plays a causal role on economic growth, again in eight of the countries. At the same time, evidence of bidirectional causal relationships is found in six countries. The findings imply that African countries can accelerate their economic growth by improving their financial systems.     

外商来华直接投资与中国企业对外投资的差异分析

中国的"引进来"和"走出去"是发展失衡还是渐趋平衡?本文从投资规模、投资产业、投资形式和投资政策四个方面进行了分析。     

Impact of Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Domestic R&D Activity: Evidence from Taiwan's Multinational Enterprises in Low‐wage Countries

This paper theoretically and empirically investigates the home‐country effects of a firm's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) activity, specifically OFDI motivated by lower labor costs in the host country. A two‐country imperfect competition model is developed, and the interaction between a firm's R&D spending and its OFDI is examined. It is found that the relationship between a firm's OFDI and its domestic R&D is indeterminate because there is a complementary effect as well as a substitution effect induced by OFDI activity. Panel data on Taiwanese manufacturing firms from 1992–2005 are applied to test the validity of the theoretical results. The propensity score matching method is used to construct a comparison group without selection bias. Our empirical evidence reveals that a Taiwanese firm's OFDI is positively related to its domestic R&D spending, particularly in R&D‐intensive industries.     

日本对外直接投资的贸易效应及其启示

对外直接投资的贸易效应是学界研究的一个重要课题,日本对外直接投资与贸易的密切关系也备受关注。本文将日本的主要贸易伙伴分为四组,实证分析日本对外直接投资的贸易效应发现:日本的对外直接投资是贸易互补型的,其对日本的进出口贸易具有明显的长期促进作用;日本的对外直接投资是引起其贸易顺差的一个重要因素,日本对美国等对日贸易逆差国的直接投资扩大了其与这组国家的贸易顺差;日本对NIEs、中国等的直接投资并不是导致日本产业空心化的主要原因。实证结论在利用对外直接投资带动出口贸易、减少贸易摩擦以及在对外转移产业时避免国内产业空心化等方面为我国的实践提供了借鉴。