浅析交通安全设施标志的施工过程与质量控制

公路标志的设置是以保证交通畅通和行车安全为目的,应结合道路线型、交通状况、沿线设施等情况,根据交通标志的不同种类设置和施工.以利于向道路使用者提供正确的信息,通过交通标志的引导,使车辆能顺利、快捷地抵达目的地.     

The effects of physical activity calorie equivalent labeling on dieters' food consumption and post-consumption physical activity

Effective body weight management requires dieters to engage in healthy eating and physical activity. This research explores the influences of physical activity calorie equivalent (PACE) labeling on dieters' food consumption and post-consumption physical activity. PACE indicates the amount of physical activity required to burn off food energy intake. This labeling aims to raise awareness on energy balance by highlighting an immediate link between food intake and exercise. This research shows that when exposed to PACE labeling, dieters (but not non-dieters) reduce their food consumption, increase their post-consumption physical activity, and are considerably motivated to achieve energy balance. This occurs because PACE labeling active energy balance-goal for dieters and influences their food consumption and subsequent physical activity. Implications for consumer well-being and policymakers are discussed.     

The ethical attitudes of students as a function of age,sex and experience

In this paper, we explore whether the ethical positions of students are firmly entrenched when they enter college, or do they change due to maturity, experience to ethical discussions in coursework, work experience, or a combination of factors. This study compared the ethical attitudes of freshmen and junior accounting majors, and graduate MBA students when confronted with two ethical dilemmas. Undergraduates were found to be more justice oriented than their MBA counterparts, who were more utilitarian in their ethical approach. While males tended to be more utilitarian, they were also more tentative and neutral in their responses. Females expressed more definite ethical positions than males when assessing specific ethical behaviors. Prior exposure to ethics via coursework or employment did not significantly affect ethical attitudes.Susan C. Borkowski is Assistant Professor at La Salle University. Her research interests are domestic and international transfer pricing, and the integration of ethics into business curriculum. She has published articles in theJournal of Management Accounting Research, Woman CPA, andAdvances in International Accounting (forthcoming).Yusuf J. Ugras is Assistant Professor at La Salle University, where he teaches M.B.A. and undergraduate managerial/cost accounting courses. His research interests include cost allocation, performance evaluation, and ethics in business.     

Traffic safety behaviour among young people in different residential settings: the use of seat belts,bicycle helmets,and reflectors by young people in Sweden

This study examines if, and how, the size of the community in which people live may contribute to explaining differences in traffic safety behaviour (self-reported behaviour regarding the use of seat belts, bicycle helmets and reflectors) among young people in Sweden. The study is based on a Swedish nationwide traffic safety survey with a net sample of 2854 respondents aged 16–25. Ordered logit regressions were performed, and place of residence is shown to have an impact on traffic safety behaviour. The results are presented and discussed in relation to risk exposure and traffic safety facilities in different settings. The implications of the study are considered, and the importance of investigating the way in which young people see traffic safety behaviour is emphasised.     

Source credibility as a function of communicator physical attractiveness

An experimental investigation of the relationship between communicator physical attractiveness and source credibility within a marketing context is reported. Source credibility measures involved perception of trust, expertise, and liking as a function of experimental treatments that differed in only the physical attractiveness of the communicator. Communicator physical attractiveness is operationally defined as the degree to which a person's face is pleasing to observe, and is determined through a consensus of judges. The marketing context involved persuasive communications presented in a printed advertisement mock-up. Generally, the hypotheses were supported by the results of the data analyses. Monotonic relationships were found between communicator physical attractiveness and (a) perceived trust, (b) perceived expertise, and (c) liking for the communicator.     

Why sad people like shoes better: The influence of mood on the evaluative conditioning of consumer attitudes

An experimental study investigated the influence of mood on the acquisition of affective consumer attitudes. Within an evaluative conditioning paradigm, participants in happy or sad mood were presented with evaluatively neutral products paired with affectively liked or disliked faces. Subsequent likability ratings revealed that the mere co‐occurrence of a product with the valenced face influenced the evaluation of the previously neutral targets. However, this effect of affective learning was significantly stronger in the sad‐mood condition. A subsequent awareness test indicated that contingency awareness plays a role in the acquisition of consumer attitudes. The implications for consumer research and attitude formation processes are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The mediating role of integration of safety by activity versus operator between organizational culture and safety climate

ABSTRACT

In this study, we analyse the impact of the organizational culture and introduce a new variable, the integration of safety, which relates to the modalities for the implementation and adoption of safety in the work process, either through the activity or by the operator. One hundred and eighty employees replied to a questionnaire measuring the organizational climate, the safety climate and the integration of safety. We expected that implementation centred on the activity or on the operator would mediate the relationship between the organizational culture and the safety climate. The results support our assumptions. A regression analysis highlights the positive impact on the safety climate of organizational values of the ‘rule’ and ‘support’ type, as well as of integration by the operator and activity. Moreover, integration mediates the relation between these variables. The results suggest to take into account organizational culture and to introduce different implementation modalities to improve the safety climate.     

The perception of fire risk by older people and its impact on relevant fire safety education

Accidents due to ‘fire and flames’ are second only to “falls” as the most important cause of accidental death in the homes of elderly individuals throughout the United Kingdom. This study aims to ascertain whether older people are receiving fire accident advice appropriate to their needs. A questionnaire addressing the issues of risk perception, fire preventative action and access to fire safety information was distributed to 1100 randomly selected members of the ‘Thousand Elders’ (a nation-wide consumer group established by the Centre for Applied Gerontology at The University of Birmingham, comprising people above the age of 50 years). Eight hundred and four questionnaires were returned and were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Fire risk was perceived as far less of an immediate threat than the danger of a personal attack by an intruder in the home. Recognition of fire risk and the effectiveness of fire safety measures did not result directly in safety appliances being fitted. The majority of ‘Elders’ had received no fire-fighting training, yet more than half felt confident in tackling a small fire. Neither did experience of a fire in the home necessarily increase action towards safety precautions. The majority had not been exposed to a fire safety campaign in the past 12 months. On exposure to a campaign, the impact towards fire safety was positive. The educational process should aim to close the gap between the recognition of the need for fire safety precautions and the implementation of fire safety measures. The key to effective fire prevention amongst older people depends upon: Information, Training and Support, i.e., relevant information supported by practical help and subsequent practical training in-situ by trusted community figures.     

The use of smart biosensors during a food safety incident: Consumers' cognitive-behavioural responses and willingness to pay

Intelligent and active packaging could allow consumers to control cognitive reactions linked to the risk of consuming food products contaminated by microbiological pathogens and thus mitigating negative consequences of food safety incidents. However, despite advances in technology, consumers' reactions and willingness to pay for active and intelligent packaging in the absence and presence of food safety incidents remain somewhat unexplored. To fill such a gap this study incorporates protection motivation theory (PMT) within a contingent valuation survey conducted in the UK to explore consumers' behavioural responses to risk communication in the absence and presence of a food safety incident. These responses were moderated by the possibility of buying hypothetical meat products marketed with biosensors informing consumers of the presence of bacteria post-purchase. A singular approach was developed to identify the following four behavioural responses of the PMT's cognitive mediating process: no response, fear, low response and danger control. Results indicate that the theoretical components of PMT play a different role in the absence and presence of food safety incidents. Respondents who receive risk information are willing to pay more than other participants to adopt precautionary behaviour and that purchasing behaviour varied across these four cognitive-behavioural responses. Governmental institutions, the food industry and retailers should consider working together to reassure consumers by investing in technology that may help consumers to mitigate fear during a food safety incident, but also to develop appropriate risk communication strategies that should focus more on the cognitive-behavioural outcomes analysed in this study.     

财务活动中纳税筹划的有效运用

在现代化企业的财务管理活动中,税收筹划的有效运用是影响企业财务决策正确性、科学性的重要因素.但是由于受到管理理念、策略、方法等方面因素的限制,国内企业在纳税筹划中普遍存在一定的弊端和问题,如果不能及时得到解决,必然会影响到企业财务活动的有效性.     

财务活动中纳税筹划的有效运用

在现代化企业的财务管理活动中,税收筹划的有效运用是影响企业财务决策正确性、科学性的重要因素.但是由于受到管理理念、策略、方法等方面因素的限制,国内企业在纳税筹划中普遍存在一定的弊端和问题,如果不能及时得到解决,必然会影响到企业财务活动的有效性.     

The role of health consciousness,food safety concern and ethical identity on attitudes and intentions towards organic food

The paper examines the roles of health consciousness, food safety concern and ethical self‐identity in predicting attitude and purchase intention within the context of organic produce. A conceptual model is derived and tested via structural equation modelling. Findings indicate food safety as the most important predictor of attitude while health consciousness appears to be the least important motive in contrast to findings from some previous research. In addition, ethical self‐identity is found to predict both attitudes and intention to purchase organic produce, emphasizing that respondents' identification with ethical issues affects their attitude and subsequent consumption choices.     

The effects of liquid honey as a partial substitute for sugar on the physical and sensory qualities of a fat-reduced muffin

This study investigated the effect of liquid honey as a partial substitute for sugar on the baking and keeping qualities of a fat-reduced muffin. In the formulation, the fat-reduced muffin used a hydrocolloid fat replacer, bacterial and fungal amylases and an emulsifier (DATEM). Honey caused a significant (P0.05) increase in crust and crumb colour at all replacement levels; however, the use of honey at the 25% replacement level was favourably increased the crust colour in the fat-reduced formulation. The addition of honey increased moisture content and decreased water activity, but did not decrease firmness or the staling rate, especially after prolonged frozen storage. Sensory results indicated that honey increased cohesiveness and decreased tenderness in the muffin. The added moisture in the fat-reduced muffin did not improve the perceived moistness, as indicated by the results.     

Knowledge and attitude of safety belt use among professional drivers in a tertiary Nigerian institution

Safety belt (SB) use prevents and reduces the severity of injuries during motor vehicle crashes, and its use is influenced by the perceived risk inherent in any journey. Over the years, most studies have focused on the effectiveness of the belt among commercial drivers. This study assessed drivers' knowledge, attitude and use of SB in a tertiary institution in Nigeria. The study, which was a cross-sectional survey, was designed to document professional drivers' knowledge and use of SB and their attitude towards use. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire from 202 out of 228 drivers employed by the University of Ibadan aged 35-60 years who were at work and consented during the period of data collection. The respondents' mean knowledge score on SB was 8.9 SD?±?1.4 out of 11 points. Eighty-six percent agreed that SB should be fastened when driving. Many of the respondents had a positive attitude to the use of seatbelts, 95.5% disagreed with the idea that a seatbelt causes accidents, while 80.2% also disagreed with the belief that a seatbelt was for educated drivers. There was a statistical significant association between respondents' attitude to SB use and age, year of experience, education (p?相似文献   

The influence of negative marketplace information on consumer attitudes toward a service establishment

Market information about service providers and retailers can significantly influence how customers view firms. Prior research indicates that the impact of such information (especially when it is counter to consumers’ initial views of a firm) is dependent upon the nature of the customers’ evaluations, as well as the nature of the information itself. The current study examines these issues in the context of attitudes toward, and negative reviews about, a service provider (a new restaurant chain). An experimental study partially supports prior research findings and suggests a new process using a validated measure distinguishing between hedonic and utilitarian dimensions of attitude. Implications of our results are provided for theory and practice.     

The use of the balance of payments as a shock absorber in fixed rate and managed float systems

This paper analyzes the use of the balance of payments as a shock absorber in fixed and managed exchange rate regimes. The analysis is conducted in a monetary intergenerational model. It shows that the balance of payments can be used to smooth consumption and raise the welfare of individuals. The paper also justifies the stabilization of consumption as a policy goal, achieved through the balance of payments mechanism.     

The effect of a limited-edition offer following brand dilution on consumer attitudes toward a luxury brand

This research examines the impact of a luxury limited-edition offer in the face of core brand image dilution of a luxury brand. Through utilizing two millennial subgroups (college- vs. post-college age) as research participants in two studies, the findings suggest that in a brand dilution condition, the limited-edition product enhances consumers’ attitudes toward the luxury brand and that these effects are more pronounced for consumers with a higher self-presentation motive. We also find that college-age millennials are more strongly influenced by social influences than post-college age millennials. The implications for academic researchers and luxury brand retail managers are discussed.     

Consumer acceptance of quick-cooking rice as food for use in a disaster

The consumer acceptability of a Philippine cultivar quick-cooking rice (QCR) as food for use in a disaster was studied. Test feeding in an evacuation centre involved random selection of 50 young adults and adult evacuees, rehydration of QCR and distribution of test rice samples for sensory evaluation test. The sensory evaluation results showed that more than 90% of the evacuee participants found the colour, texture, taste and overall qualities of the rehydrated QCR to be acceptable. Eighty per cent of the participants described the rehydrated rice to be adequately soft and neither undercooked nor overcooked. The test QCR samples were described by the community kitchen personnel of the evacuation centre as easy to prepare, requiring minimum cooking time and exhibiting homogeneity in doneness when cooked.